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Saccule and UtricleAcoustic MaculaeHair Cells, VestibularOtolithic MembraneVestibule, LabyrinthEar, InnerSound LocalizationGene Transfer, HorizontalVestibular Evoked Myogenic PotentialsRotationHead MovementsVectorcardiographyHeadMovementVestibular NerveHair Cells, AuditoryAccelerationRetinal Horizontal CellsElbow JointOrientationGravitationRadiographic MagnificationBiomechanical PhenomenaEye MovementsPeptidoglycanRana catesbeianaAcoustic StimulationArmTacrineNeomycinReflex, Vestibulo-OcularSemicircular CanalsStereociliaElbowPostureLabyrinth DiseasesProprioceptionVestibular NucleiCochleaAuditory PathwaysGoldfishSpace PerceptionLabyrinth Supporting CellsEndolymphTorqueElectromyographyHemospermiaThiamine PyrophosphataseNoiseSpatial BehaviorTranscription Factor Brn-3CPsychomotor PerformanceBatrachoidiformesHair Cells, Auditory, InnerFixation, OcularMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningTemporal BoneTime FactorsFunctional LateralityImaging, Three-DimensionalTurtlesCuesNeuronsPhotic StimulationDiaminopimelic AcidShoulder JointCatsCyprinidaeAuditory CortexOrgan Culture TechniquesHearingPhysical StimulationReaction TimeMicroscopy, ElectronAction PotentialsHandAuditory PerceptionRegenerationAdaptation, PhysiologicalModels, BiologicalRats, Long-EvansPimelic AcidsMice, Inbred CBAModels, NeurologicalCell WallDissectionMeniere DiseaseMuscle, SkeletalEpitheliumGolgi ApparatusNootropic AgentsVestibulocochlear NervePhotoreceptor CellsRetinaAPUD CellsEscherichia coliVestibular DiseasesVision, BinocularAnalysis of VariancePhylogeny
OtolithWall of the sacculeCochlear ductMaculaEndolymphaticLateralDetectSemicircular canalCanalsInferiorAngularMidlineRotationLiesFunctionSpaceMotionWorkEndolymphThemselves from the utricleOtolithic organsCochleaOtolithsVestibuleVestibularSacculesCochlearBackwardAnteriorNystagmusPosterior canalsBonyPathwayLinearTiltOrientationDisplacementVertical planeCellsPortion
Otolith4
Wall of the saccule2
  • The saccular macula is an elliptical thickened area of sensory epithelium that lies on the anterior vertical wall of the saccule. (medscape.com)
  • In ears without MD, the Reissner's membrane and the membranous wall of the saccule were thinner than that of the utricle and of the lateral semicircular canal ( p (bvsalud.org)
Cochlear duct4
  • It consists of an anterior chamber and the cochlear duct, which subserves hearing and connects by way of the round saccule with the peripheral vestibular apparatus. (medscape.com)
  • The membranous labyrinth is located within the bony labyrinth, and it includes two sacs (utricle and saccule), three semicircular ducts, and the cochlear duct. (anatomy.app)
  • The vestibulocochlear apparatus contains two types of receptors located in the inner ear: the organ of Corti for receiving the sound stimulus - located in the cochlear duct, and the receptors of the vestibular apparatus for appreciation of the impact of gravitation (static balance) - located in the utricle and saccule, and acceleration (kinetic balance) - located in the semicircular ducts. (anatomy.app)
  • CONCLUSION: Increases in endolymphatic pressure may cause a primary swelling of the apical cochlear duct and saccule, both of which have relatively thin membranes. (bvsalud.org)
Macula1
  • The macula of the utricle lies mainly in the horizontal plane and is located in the utricular recess, which is the dilated anterior portion of the utricle. (medscape.com)
Endolymphatic2
  • OBJECTIVES: Our aim in this study was to characterize the morphology of the endolymphatic compartment on histopathology in individuals with Ménière's disease (MD) and to determine why hydrops of the saccule is more pronounced than that of other compartments of the inner ear in MD. METHODS: Temporal bones from 9 patients with idiopathic MD and from 10 individuals without MD/endolymphatic hydrops were examined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Starting the 20th week of gestation until labor, estrogens and progesterone are significantly increased leading to electrolytic imbalance, excessive water and sodium retention, and volumetric changes within critical structures for balance such as the semicircular canals, endolymphatic sac, utricle, and saccule[4,5]. (fortuneonline.org)
Lateral1
Detect1
Semicircular canal3
  • When you look left, the fluid in your semicircular canals moves, stimulating the ampulla at the end of the semicircular canal in the plane of movement. (thevertigodoctor.com)
  • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the horizontal semicircular canal may present a differential diagnostic challenge. (bvsalud.org)
  • We report a case with cupulolithiasis of the horizontal semicircular canal presenting with horizontal PSN in a sitting position, with implications for a new pathomechanism of PSN. (bvsalud.org)
Canals13
  • This includes ~7,000 hair cells from each of the semicircular canals located within the crista ampullaris, ~30,000 hair cells from the utricle, and ~16,000 hair cells from the saccule. (wikipedia.org)
  • The canals are organized into functional pairs, wherein both members of the pair lie in the same plane. (medscape.com)
  • The peripheral vestibular apparatus consists of the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals. (medscape.com)
  • They are oriented at right angles to each other and are situated so that the superior and posterior canals are at 45° angles to the sagittal plane and the horizontal canal is 30° to the axial plane. (medscape.com)
  • All canals merge into the utricle. (medscape.com)
  • The vestibular sensory epithelium is located on the maculae of the saccule and utricle and the cristae of the semicircular canals. (medscape.com)
  • The inner ear is verified essentially by 3 semicircular canals went across with each other and also full of fluid (endolymph), as well as the utricle as well as saccule, which have in its interior some calcium carbonate crystals, known as otoconia or otoliths. (pinbored.net)
  • When these calcium carbonate crystals displace themselves from the utricle, these can move right into the semicircular canals ( one of the most typically impacted is the posterior canal because of its placement). (pinbored.net)
  • It has actually been stated that the resonance of the drill used in this treatment can influence the utricle and also would certainly be sufficient to remove numerous otoliths right into the semicircular canals. (pinbored.net)
  • The internal ear is validated basically by 3 semicircular canals went across with each other and full of liquid (endolymph), and also the utricle and also saccule, which possess in its interior some calcium carbonate crystals, referred to as otoconia or otoliths. (pinbored.net)
  • When these calcium carbonate crystals displace themselves from the utricle, these can migrate into the semicircular canals (the most typically impacted is the posterior canal as a result of its setting). (pinbored.net)
  • It has been said that the resonance of the drill utilized in this therapy can impact the utricle as well as would suffice to remove numerous otoliths right into the semicircular canals. (pinbored.net)
  • The neurosensory structures involved in hearing and equilibrium are located in the membranous labyrinth: the organ of Corti is located in the cochlear canal, while the maculae of the utricle and the saccule and the ampullae of the semicircular canals are located in the posterior section. (cloudaccess.net)
Inferior2
  • The oVEMP measures integrity of the utricule and superior vestibular nerve and the cVemp measures the saccule and the inferior vestibular nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • The trachea extends from the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage (C6) and branches into the right and left main bronchi at the carina , located at the T4 vertebral body level, in the plane of Ludwig . (radiopaedia.org)
Angular1
  • Each canal is maximally responsive to angular motion in the plane in which it is situated and is paired with a canal on the contralateral side so that stimuli that are excitatory to one are inhibitory to the other. (medscape.com)
Midline1
  • The eyes move into the frontal plane closer to the midline and nearly attain their definitive position. (ehd.org)
Rotation1
  • Any rotation in that plane is excitatory to one of the members of the pair and inhibitory to the other. (medscape.com)
Lies2
  • The saccule is an almost globular-shaped sac that lies in the spherical recess on the medial wall of the vestibule. (medscape.com)
  • The utricle is larger than the saccule and lies posterosuperiorly to it in the elliptical recess of the medial wall of the vestibule. (medscape.com)
Function2
  • The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP or VsEP) is a neurophysiological assessment technique used to determine the function of the otolithic organs (utricle and saccule) of the inner ear. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cervical ( c-VEMP) and ocular (o-VEMP) have been used to test the function of the utricle and saccule. (neuroequilibrium.in)
Space1
  • Hydrops in the utricle may occur less frequently because of a thicker wall, because of a functioning UEV, and when the saccule has already occupied most of the vestibular perilymphatic space. (bvsalud.org)
Motion1
  • The utricle senses motion in the horizontal plane (eg, forward-backward movement, left-right movement, or a combination thereof). (medscape.com)
Work1
  • Subsequent work led to the suggestion that the saccule was the end organ excited. (wikipedia.org)
Endolymph4
  • An otolith organ has two endolymph filled sacs, the utricle and saccule. (avmed.in)
  • The inner ear is confirmed basically by 3 semicircular canals crossed with each other and filled with fluid (endolymph), and the utricle and saccule, which possess in its interior some calcium carbonate crystals, known as otoconia or otoliths. (texasdizziness.com)
  • The internal ear is validated generally by 3 semicircular canals went across with each other and also filled with fluid (endolymph), and also the utricle and also saccule, which have in its inside some calcium carbonate crystals, called otoconia or otoliths. (pinbored.net)
  • The inner ear is verified essentially by 3 semicircular canals went across with each other and also loaded with liquid (endolymph), as well as the utricle as well as saccule, which possess in its interior some calcium carbonate crystals, known as otoconia or otoliths. (pinbored.net)
Themselves from the utricle3
  • When these calcium carbonate crystals dislodge themselves from the utricle, these can migrate into the semicircular canals (the most commonly affected is the posterior canal because of its position). (texasdizziness.com)
  • When these calcium carbonate crystals remove themselves from the utricle, these can move into the semicircular canals (the most typically impacted is the posterior canal as a result of its position). (pinbored.net)
  • When these calcium carbonate crystals dislodge themselves from the utricle, these can move right into the semicircular canals (the most commonly impacted is the posterior canal due to its position). (pinbored.net)
Otolithic organs2
  • The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP or VsEP) is a neurophysiological assessment technique used to determine the function of the otolithic organs (utricle and saccule) of the inner ear. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is well known that vestibular sensors include three semicircular canals (SCs), i.e., horizontal (HSC), anterior (ASC), posterior (PSC), and two otolithic organs: the saccule and the utricle. (audiologyonline.com)
Cochlea2
  • It is secreted by the secretory cells of the stria vascularis of the cochlea and by the dark cells (present in the utricle and near the ampullated ends of semicircular ducts). (medicoapps.org)
  • Whereas the first mostly supplies the utricle and both HSC and ASC, the latter mainly serves the saccule, PSC, and the cochlea, with slight possible interindividual differences. (audiologyonline.com)
Otoliths5
  • In addition to these hairs or "stereocilia," there are small stones made of calcium carbonate called otoliths that are embedded in the membrane of the utricle and saccule. (psychologic.science)
  • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is most likely caused by the abnormal movement or dislodging of the otoliths within the utricle and saccule of the inner ear. (psychologic.science)
  • The most common of these is the Epley maneuver, which uses deliberate movement of the head and gravity to reposition the otoliths within the utricle and saccule. (psychologic.science)
  • It has been said that the vibration of the drill used in this therapy can affect the utricle and would be sufficient to dislodge several otoliths into the semicircular canals. (texasdizziness.com)
  • The inner ear is composed by the utricle and saccule that contain otoliths that detect linear and tilt motions and transmit this information to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal in the midbrain. (eyewiki.org)
Vestibule1
  • The utricle is a small membranous sac (part of the membranous labyrinth) and paired with the saccule lies within the vestibule of the inner ear. (studybuff.com)
Vestibular3
  • The oVEMP measures integrity of the utricule and superior vestibular nerve and the cVemp measures the saccule and the inferior vestibular nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • As part of the inner ear, the vestibular system is responsible for sense of balance, which consists of three semicircular canals, the utricle, and the saccule. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, the posterior vestibular artery generates from the vestibulo-cochlear artery, providing blood supply to both PSC and saccule. (audiologyonline.com)
Saccules1
Cochlear1
  • In turn, the CCA divides into the vestibulocochlear artery, which serves PSC, the saccule, and the cochlear basal turn, and in the main cochlear artery supplying the rest of the cochlear neuroepithelium. (audiologyonline.com)
Backward1
  • Chin-to-chest positioning at the head-pitch test did not modify spontaneous nystagmus, whereas slight torsional components with the top pole of the eye beating toward the right ear appeared in backward head-bending, resulting in mixed horizontal-torsional nystagmus. (ejao.org)
Anterior3
  • saccule=sagital plane (up/down)), and the three semicircular canals (anterior/superior, posterior, and horizontal) detect head rotation or angular acceleration in their respective planes of orientation (anterior/superior=pitch (nodding head), posterior=roll (moving head from one shoulder to other), and horizontal=yaw (shaking head left to right). (wikipedia.org)
  • These three semicircular canals known as the horizontal, anterior, and posterior canals connect with two other structures critical to balance known as the utricle and the saccule. (psychologic.science)
  • Most cases arise from posterior SC (PSC), less commonly from horizontal SC (HSC), while rarely from anterior SC (ASC) [ 1 ]. (ejao.org)
Nystagmus6
  • [ 9 ] Furthermore, the patient will exhibit sweating and nystagmus, either in the horizontal or horizontorotary forms. (medscape.com)
  • The temperature gradient provokes the stimulation of the horizontal semicircular canal and the consequent nystagmus. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • We described for the first time a spontaneous horizontal semicircular canalith jam associated with a typical canalolithiasis involving contralateral posterior semicircular canal (PSC), illustrating how the latter condition modified direction-fixed nystagmus during head movements. (ejao.org)
  • Video-Frenzel examination showed horizontal direction-fixed right-beating nystagmus in primary gaze position, inhibited by visual fixation. (ejao.org)
  • At supine positioning tests, direction-fixed nystagmus turned into direction-changing geotropic horizontal nystagmus, which was stronger on the left side, while overlapping upbeat nystagmus with torsional right-beating components appeared on the right. (ejao.org)
  • Positional nystagmus is typically transitory and rotates around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the affected SC, which can be identified analysing directions of vertical, horizontal and torsional components in relation to head positionings [ 1 ]. (ejao.org)
Posterior canals1
  • The superior and posterior canals are in diagonal vertical planes that intersect at right angles. (studybuff.com)
Bony1
  • The cartilaginous and bony portions of the tube are not in the same plane, the former inclining downward a little more than the latter. (cloudfront.net)
Pathway1
  • In this study, we found that canonical Wnt pathway-related genes are expressed in the early stage of development of the utricle and change dynamically. (bvsalud.org)
Linear1
Tilt1
Orientation1
  • We conditionally knocked out ß-catenin, a canonical Wnt signaling core protein, and found that the cilia orientation of hair cells was disordered with reduced number of hair cells in the utricle. (bvsalud.org)
Displacement1
  • Primary clinical findings were consistent with a left horizontal semicircular canalith jam, inducing a persistent utriculofugal cupular displacement, combined with a typical right-sided PSC-canalolithiasis. (ejao.org)
Vertical plane1
  • In humans, the utricle is oriented in a horizontal direction and detects motion in a horizontal plane, while the saccule is oriented in a vertical direction and detects motion in a vertical plane. (psychologic.science)
Cells2
  • The macula is a small patch of hair cells and their supporting cells contained within the saccule and the utricle. (studybuff.com)
  • In conclusion, our results not only confirm that the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling affects the number of hair cells in the utricle but also provide evidence for its role in polarity development. (bvsalud.org)
Portion1
  • The proximal portion of the facial canal is termed the horizontal part . (cloudfront.net)