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TuberculosisTuberculosis, PulmonaryGenomeMycobacterium tuberculosisGenome, BacterialTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantGenome, ViralTuberculosis VaccinesTuberculosis, MiliaryIsoniazidGenome, PlantGenome, HumanLatent TuberculosisTuberculosis, Lymph NodeTuberculosis, OsteoarticularTuberculosis, GastrointestinalTuberculosis, SpinalTuberculosis, BovineRifampinTuberculosis, CutaneousGenome, MitochondrialTuberculin TestBacterial ProteinsSequence Analysis, DNASputumMycobacterium bovisExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisAntibiotics, AntitubercularPyrazinamideTuberculosis, PleuralGenome, FungalBase SequenceTuberculosis, UrogenitalBCG VaccineTuberculosis, MeningealPhylogenyDNA, BacterialGenome SizeMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMolecular Sequence DataMycobacteriumTuberculosis, OcularAntigens, BacterialTuberculosis, SplenicTuberculosis, HepaticGenome, ArchaealMycobacterium smegmatisEthambutolTuberculosis, Female GenitalDrug Resistance, BacterialEvolution, MolecularDirectly Observed TherapyPolymerase Chain ReactionMutationTuberculosis, EndocrineTuberculosis, Central Nervous SystemGenomicsGenome, InsectTuberculosis, LaryngealAmino Acid SequenceGenome, ProtozoanDrug Resistance, MicrobialTuberculosis, RenalDNA Transposable ElementsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialSpecies SpecificitySensitivity and SpecificityDNA FingerprintingChromosome MappingGenes, BacterialSequence AlignmentGenotypeBacteriological TechniquesPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthTuberculosis, OralGenome, ChloroplastAnti-Bacterial AgentsInterferon-gammaGenetic VariationDrug ResistanceContact TracingAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsOpen Reading FramesSouth AfricaLungTuberculinStreptomycinBacterial Typing TechniquesHIV InfectionsCluster AnalysisVirulenceCloning, MolecularMycobacterium InfectionsTime FactorsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialComputational BiologyCell LineMacrophagesMycobacteriophagesMycolic Acids
StrainsMycobacterium TuberculosisAnti-tuberculosis drugsSusceptibilityPolymerase chain reHuman genomeGenomicMethodsRifampicin-resistant tuberculosisAbstractCharacterized by whole genomeMutationsGeneticBacterium2020BacteriaInfectionsBurdenGenesSequenced in 1998BacterialExtensively drugRegimensMycobacteriaMultidrug2019Directly from sputumPathogenesisMutantsPrevalentMicrobialMolecularDiagnosticSputumPhylogenyDrugAnalysesDetectionAntitubercular drugsBiologyCharacterizeDiagnosisTransgenic cattleContagious respiratoryCattle with increased resistance
Strains34
  • Furthermore, several M. tuberculosis BDQ resistant mutants were isolated by both MDR strains, harboring mutations in both atpE and Rv0678 genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • We studied genomic variation in a previously selected collection of isogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis laboratory strains subjected to one or two rounds of antibiotic selection. (edu.sa)
  • Whole genome sequencing analysis identified eleven single, unique mutations (four synonymous, six non-synonymous, one intergenic), in addition to drug resistance-conferring mutations, that were fixed in the genomes of six monoresistant strains. (edu.sa)
  • Eight loci, present as minority variants (five non-synonymous, three synonymous) in the genome of the susceptible parent strain, became fixed in the genomes of multiple daughter strains. (edu.sa)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought to have emerged some 40,000 years ago, started to be prevalent some 10,000 years ago and developed some dangerous resistant strains around 6,000 years ago. (pravda.ru)
  • Studying the genome sequences, Wirth and his team set to work trying to date the expansion of the lineage, aiming to study the evolution of the strains and the ineractivity among them. (pravda.ru)
  • Stubbornly, Valafar and his team continue to make progress, uncovering long-held mysteries of tuberculosis that may lead to diagnostic devices for effectively treating even the most resistant strains of the disease. (sdsu.edu)
  • Therefore, a typical course may require additional medications and a longer duration if drug-resistant strains are causing infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • TGS / TB Whole Genome Sequencing test is a sequencing technique that analyses the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that is responsible for Tuberculosis and helps in identifying infection with drug-resistant strains. (focustb.com)
  • Whole genome sequencing of diverse Shiga toxin-producing and non-producing Escherichia coli strains reveals a variety of virulence and novel antibiotic resistance plasmids. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, whole genome sequencing offers sensitive views of the genetic differences between strains ofM. (9lib.org)
  • tuberculosis strains in whole genome sequencing data. (9lib.org)
  • Genomic analysis of the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Middle East. (tamu.edu)
  • We sought to examine the genomic variations among recently isolated strains of M. tuberculosis in two closely related countries with different population demography in the Middle East. (tamu.edu)
  • The role of mutations in genes associated with phenotypic resistance to bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBc) strains is poorly characterized. (itg.be)
  • The recent advancement in testing at the Wadsworth Center is a game changer in the fight against drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis," said New York State Health Commissioner Dr. Howard Zucker. (ny.gov)
  • But in some countries, particularly in eastern Europe, Asia and Africa, the weakening or collapse of health-care systems over the past two decades has meant that patients do not always finish their drugs, or they take the wrong ones, allowing highly transmissible, drug-resistant strains to emerge and spread. (nature.com)
  • This study aimed to perform genomic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains obtained from Kazakhstani patients with pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis diagnosed in Kazakhstan. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 10 pre-extensively drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains from different regions of Kazakhstan. (bvsalud.org)
  • Strategies for its control may be not as effective as it should be, specifically in case of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb . (ac.ir)
  • The multiple alignment of the genomes of clinical strains (CDC1551, F11, Haarlem and C), along with the genomes of laboratory strains (H37Rv and H37Ra), provides new insights on the mechanisms of adaptation of this bacterium to the human host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genetic variation found in six M. tuberculosis strains does not involve significant genomic rearrangements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identification of genes displaying strain-specific polymorphisms and the extrapolation of the number of strain-specific polymorphisms to an unlimited number of genomes indicates that the different strains contain a limited number of unique polymorphisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome-wide analyses of genetic variation among different MTB strains can help to unveil characteristics regarding the virulence and adaptation of this successful human pathogen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study we analyzed the variation dynamics of the MTB genome by carrying out a multiple genome alignment of the six sequenced strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The variations identified were then examined using a combinatorial approach that allows simultaneous comparison of all strains, rather than pair-wise comparisons of each to a reference genome, thus providing information about unexplored features of the MTB genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple genome alignments were carried out with the freeware MAUVE v1.3 [ 10 ] using the genomes of MTB strains H37Rv (NC_000962), H37Ra (NC_009525), CDC1551 (NC_002755), F11 (NC_009565), C (NZ_AAKR00000000) and Haarlem (NZ_AASN00000000), the latter two from the Broad Institute http://www.broad.mit.edu (See Additional File 1 for detailed Methods). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 99.5% of all rifampicin resistant strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • There is no cross-reactivity with non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and TB and rifampicin resistance were correctly detected in the presence of non-tuberculous DNA or mixed susceptible and resistant strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thirteen (13) patterns of M. tuberculosis complex family strains were identified: 41.6% of the strains belonged to the T 1 family, 25.0% to LAM 9, 10.0% to Haarlem 3, 3.3% to each of CAS, LAM 8, BCG and Family 36 and 1.7% to each of Haarlem 1, LAM 10, S, M. africanum , X 1 and T 3 families. (who.int)
  • Results obtained from Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing show that the mahority of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Sri Lanka belong to a limited number of families, but the degree of IS6160 DNA polymorphism among strains were high. (who.int)
  • More than 68 percent had less than 5 copies of the IS sequence suggesting that our local M.tuberculosis strains have a fewer number of copies compared to data shown in most countries. (who.int)
  • Drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains were examined by RFLP typing to determine whether a significant association between specific RFLP types and drug resistance is present. (who.int)
  • The new action plan sets specific reduction goals for many resistant strains, such as reducing MRSA bloodstream infections by 50 percent by 2020. (medscape.com)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis48
Anti-tuberculosis drugs8
  • The user can choose between two potential predictors, a Random Forest (RF) classifier and a Wide and Deep Neural Network (WDNN) to predict phenotypic resistance to 13 and 10 anti-tuberculosis drugs, respectively. (biorxiv.org)
  • Conclusion GenTB is an easy-to-use online tool to rapidly and accurately predict resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. (biorxiv.org)
  • Whole genome association studies are being applied to identify genetic determinants of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A genome-wide approach was applied to 127 isolates to identify polymorphisms associated with minimum inhibitory concentrations for first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In routine diagnostic practice susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drugs is assessed phenotypically by determining the proportion of bacteria that will grow at critical concentrations of the drug [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For most anti-tuberculosis drugs, a single concentration is used, but for some drugs two concentrations are used to indicate high and low levels of resistance, where increasing the patient dose may be of clinical benefit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The threat of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs is of global concern. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • Due to various factors including socioeconomic factors, compliance is poor to anti-tuberculosis drugs, leading to resistance. (preprints.org)
Susceptibility9
  • From inner to the outer circles: culture-based phenotypic drug-susceptibility test, whole-genome sequencing-based drug-resistance profile (DR TB, MDR TB, pre-XDR TB, and XDR TB), drug-resistance mutations, lineage, year of collection, regions, and provinces. (cdc.gov)
  • Screens of the whole human genome can identify novel genes involved in the immune responses to Mtb infection and susceptibility to TB. (europa.eu)
  • Previously, we successfully used genome-wide association studies to identify human genes associated with susceptibility to TB. (europa.eu)
  • The increasing accessibility of whole-genome sequencing across research and clinical settings has improved our ability to predict antibacterial susceptibility, to track epidemics at the level of individual outbreaks and wider historical trends, to query the efficacy of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and to uncover targets for novel antitubercular therapeutics. (jci.org)
  • Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Testing Group 2022, 'Updating the approaches to define susceptibility and resistance to anti-tuberculosis agents: implications for diagnosis and treatment', The European respiratory journal , Jg. (fz-borstel.de)
  • The use of binary reporting (sensitive/resistant) of drug susceptibility, whilst useful for programmic treatment does not inform about the degree of resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ALBANY, NY (September 16, 2016 - The New York State Department of Health's Wadsworth Center recently became the first and only state public health laboratory in the nation to perform whole-genome sequencingas a diagnostic test for Tuberculosis (TB),in some casesreducing the time to assess antimicrobial susceptibility by weeks. (ny.gov)
  • In contrast, by using whole-genome sequencing, the Wadsworth Center was able to report a reliable susceptibility profile for first and second-line treatment 11 days after receipt of the sample,and this timeline will continue to decrease with anticipated improvements to the technology. (ny.gov)
  • Background Treatment of multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB), although improved in recent years with shorter, more tolerable regimens, remains largely standardised and based on limited drug susceptibility testing (DST). (allergy-link.com)
Polymerase chain re1
Human genome2
Genomic4
  • Our results confirm previously observed genomic stability for M. tuberculosis, although the parent strain had accumulated allelic variants at multiple locations in an antibiotic-free in vitro environment. (edu.sa)
  • Scientists in the Broad community are sequencing and analyzing the genomes of a wide range of insects and microorganisms to understand their genetic regulation, population variation, and specialized genomic mechanisms. (broadinstitute.org)
  • In this work, we analyzed all mutations in candidate genomic regions associated with BDQ- and DLM-resistant phenotypes using a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data set from a collection of 4,795 MTBc clinical isolates from six countries with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB). (itg.be)
  • From WGS analysis, we identified 61 and 163 unique mutations in genomic regions potentially involved in BDQ- and DLM-resistant phenotypes, respectively. (itg.be)
Methods5
  • Methods: We developed the Python-based MycTB Genome to Test (MTBGT) tool that transforms WGS-derived data into laboratory-validated results of the primary RDTs-Xpert MTB/RIF, XpertMTB/RIF Ultra, GenoType MDRTBplus v2.0, and GenoscholarNTM+MDRTB II. (brad.ac.uk)
  • Methods We present Translational Genomics platform for Tuberculosis (GenTB), a web-based application to predict antibiotic resistance from next-generation sequence data. (biorxiv.org)
  • In earlier research, Valafar and his lab discovered that, in response to drug exposure, a portion of the tuberculosis genome can be removed, flipped backwards, and re-inserted-a structural variation that health providers cannot identify or treat with existing diagnostic methods. (sdsu.edu)
  • The Most Frequently Used Sequencing Technologies and Assembly Methods in Different Time Segments of the Bacterial Surveillance and RefSeq Genome Databases. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods To assess the potential of TB drug resistance prediction based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) to provide more effective treatment regimens, we applied current South African treatment recommendations to a retrospective cohort of MDR/RR-TB patients from Khayelitsha, Cape Town. (allergy-link.com)
Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis1
  • Ng KCS, Ngabonziza JCS, Lempens P et al (2019) Bridging the TB data gap: in silico extraction of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis diagnostic test results from whole genome sequence data. (brad.ac.uk)
Abstract1
  • ABSTRACT Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis requires extended use of more toxic and less effective drugs and may result in retreatment cases due to failure, abandonment or disease recurrence. (unl.pt)
Characterized by whole genome1
Mutations6
  • The most common mutations linked to low-level of BDQ resistance are present in Rv0678 gene coding for the M. tuberculosis repressor of MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most mutations happen in just one of the roughly 4.4 million points along the genome. (sdsu.edu)
  • Using the TDR resource, we demonstrate the usefulness of whole genome association and convergent evolution approaches to detect known and potentially novel mutations associated with drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These approaches could ultimately lead to novel resistance mutations to improve the design of tuberculosis control measures, such as diagnostics, and inform patient management. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Xpert MTB/RIF detects M. tuberculosis as well as rifampicin resistance-conferring mutations directly from sputum, in an assay providing results within two hours. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
Genetic4
  • Their goal: to determine how a pathogen with such a static genetic makeup could engineer such quick, inventive, and effective ways of becoming resistant to drugs. (sdsu.edu)
  • Higher native Peruvian genetic ancestry proportion is associated with tuberculosis progression risk. (harvard.edu)
  • We investigated whether ancestry-specific genetic factors affect tuberculosis (TB) progression risk in a cohort of admixed Peruvians. (harvard.edu)
  • Using a Perl-based software islandsanalyser , which creates a representation of the genetic variation in the genome, we identified differences in the patterns of distribution and frequency of the polymorphisms across the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterium1
20201
  • Genome Web, Nov 13, 2020. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria8
  • Compared to other commonly studied bacteria, M. tuberculosis has a remarkably slow growth rate, doubling roughly once per day. (wikipedia.org)
  • The work is being conducted under a five-year, $3.1 million grant to Valafar from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to study the DNA and gene expression of tuberculosis, while developing ways to identify resistant bacteria and predict the success of treatment. (sdsu.edu)
  • Studies like this, which help to understand all the different ways that bacteria can become resistant to various drugs, are sorely missing, hugely needed, and severely underfunded," said Valafar, a computer science professor and principal investigator of the study. (sdsu.edu)
  • The Mtb genome (size 4.4 Mb, GC content 65.5 %) is relatively clonal compared to most other bacteria, with no horizontal transfer, and low mutation and recombination rates [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria that are spread from person to person through the air. (cdc.gov)
  • Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. (ac.ir)
  • In March, the White House released the first "National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria," which coordinates actions across federal agencies and sets goals for reducing antibiotic-resistant disease and inappropriate antibiotic use. (medscape.com)
  • The new action plan outlines steps for implementing September's "National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria," which was also released by the White House and identified priorities for combating antibiotic resistance. (medscape.com)
Infections7
  • Globally, in 2018 about half a million TB infections were rifampicin-resistant, of which 78% were multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Ubiquitous in soil and water worldwide, MAC members cause a diverse array of infections in humans and animals that are often multidrug resistant, intractable, and deadly. (cdc.gov)
  • We observed that M. avium isolates from different sources-human pulmonary infections, human disseminated infections, animals, and natural environments-are readily distinguished by their core and accessory genomes, by their patterns of horizontal gene transfer, and by numerous specific genes, including virulence factors. (cdc.gov)
  • Background: Mixed infections ofMycobacterium tuberculosis and antibiotic heteroresistance continue to complicate tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment. (9lib.org)
  • Therefore, since it is a global public health problem involving several sectors, it also requires a global solution in the context of the One Health approach to achieve adequate control through the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of drug-resistant infections. (who.int)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, antibiotic-resistant infections are associated with 23,000 deaths, 2 million illnesses and billions in health care costs in the U.S. every year. (medscape.com)
  • Antibiotic-resistant infections are associated with 23,000 deaths and 2 million illnesses in the U.S. every year, CDC says. (medscape.com)
Burden5
  • With children and people living with HIV in India and other developing countries bearing the greatest burden of the disease, as well as the emergence and spread of TB that was resistant to treatment by the standard anti-TB drugs, there was an urgent global, but unanswered, need for new drugs. (thehindu.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Kazakhstan has a high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Central Asian region. (bvsalud.org)
  • Assessing tuberculosis control priorities in high-burden settings: a modelling approach. (ac.ir)
  • Conclusion Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis is very prevalent in Pakistan, which may increase burden on health care system and may lead to various complications of tuberculosis. (preprints.org)
  • Pakistan is among the thirty countries with high tuberculosis (TB) burden in which the complete elimination of TB is, unfortunately, a distant reality. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes2
  • The genomes of MAC species are large, containing thousands of genes involved in various cellular processes and adaptations to different environments. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This study aimed to analyse the whole genomes of clinical MTB isolates representing various resistance profiles to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in resistance-associated genes. (edu.ph)
Sequenced in 19981
Bacterial2
  • LAF: Logic Alignment Free and its application to bacterial genomes classification. (cdc.gov)
  • The comparison of multiple genomes demonstrates that the M. tuberculosis genome is currently undergoing an active process of gene decay, analogous to the adaptation process of obligate bacterial symbionts. (biomedcentral.com)
Extensively drug8
  • XDR, extensively drug-resistant. (cdc.gov)
  • Among these cases, 6.2% were estimated to have extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR)- tuberculosis (TB) and extensively drug resistant (XDR)-TB reportedly lead to increased household transmission. (ersjournals.com)
  • Of particular concern is the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB defined by bacillary resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB, which is MDR-TB with additional resistance to any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of the three second-line injectable drugs (kanamycin, amikacin and capreomycin). (ersjournals.com)
  • The project works with national TB programs to strategically introduce and place new molecular diagnostics such as Molbio Diagnostics' Truenat® instruments and Cepheid's GeneXpert® instruments, which use Xpert® MTB/XDR cartridges to detect pre-extensively drug-resistant TB, i.e. (plos.org)
  • What is extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB)? (cdc.gov)
  • Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of MDR TB that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). (cdc.gov)
  • It was the first major outbreak of what became known as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB - and a wake-up call to the world that TB had taken a turn for the worse 1 . (nature.com)
Regimens2
  • Self-administered, standardized regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Korea. (harvard.edu)
  • Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are potential drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis and are used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and short-term anti-TB regimens. (biomedcentral.com)
Mycobacteria2
  • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of M. tuberculosis and related mycobacteria is now routine, allowing comparisons across time and space. (jci.org)
  • In Sri Lanka definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis depends on the culture of mycobacteria, but the slow growth of the organism delays the diagnosis. (who.int)
Multidrug10
  • Driving this increase was an outbreak of multidrug-resistant workplace. (cdc.gov)
  • TB epidemic is exacerbated by the spread of multidrug-resistant TB. (europa.eu)
  • Molecular surveillance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) using 24-loci MIRU-VNTR in the European Union suggests the occurrence of international transmission. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • It helps in the early detection of infection with multidrug-resistant MTB for better-individualized treatment with correct antibiotics at the right time. (focustb.com)
  • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is caused by an organism that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs. (cdc.gov)
  • We aim to determine the prevalence of Multidrug resistance (MDR) tuberculosis in Pakistani population. (preprints.org)
  • The development of FQ resistance in multidrug-resistant TB negatively impacts patient treatment outcome and is a serious threat to control of TB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During treatment of TB, multidrug-resistant (MDR) patients can develop resistance against fluoroquinolones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Earlier and improved tuberculosis (TB) case detection - including smear-negative disease, often associated with HIV co-infection - as well as expanded capacity to diagnose multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are global priorities for TB control. (bvsalud.org)
  • That threat has manifested in a number of health problems, from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, of which there were 450,000 new cases worldwide in 2012. (medscape.com)
20191
  • The samples were collected from sites involved in programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis (PMDT) within seven different districts (Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Sialkot, and Bahawalpur) from period of May 2018 to March 2019. (biomedcentral.com)
Directly from sputum1
  • Current bottlenecks are sample extraction to allow whole genome sequencing directly from sputum and the lack of bioinformatics expertise in some TB endemic countries. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Pathogenesis1
  • While the genome sequence was already transformative at the time, the past 25 years of progress have substantially increased its impact on TB taxonomy, drug discovery, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, vaccine development, and pathogenesis. (jci.org)
Mutants2
  • To this aim, in this work an in vitro generation of M. tuberculosis mutants resistant to BDQ was performed starting from two MDR clinical isolates as parental cultures. (frontiersin.org)
  • These BDQ resistant mutants were further characterized by studying their growth rate that could be related to their spreading in clinical settings. (frontiersin.org)
Prevalent1
  • MAC lung disease is of particular concern and is now more prevalent than tuberculosis in many countries, including the United States. (cdc.gov)
Microbial2
  • Complete microbial genomes for public health in Australia and the Southwest Pacific. (cdc.gov)
  • The MTB genome is highly conserved and is considered a "closed pan-genome" due to the bacterium's restricted niche that limits access to the global microbial gene pool [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular1
  • These tools serve as critical reference standards for future molecular diagnostic assay developers, researchers, public health agencies and clinicians working towards the control of drug-resistant tuberculosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Diagnostic1
  • A $3.1 million grant aims to determine how tuberculosis becomes resistant to drugs and develop prognostic and diagnostic tools to help patients. (sdsu.edu)
Sputum1
  • Results from analytical studies showed that the Xpert MTB/RIF assay has analytic sensitivity of five genome copies of purified DNA, and 131 cfu/ml of M. tuberculosis spiked into sputum. (bvsalud.org)
Phylogeny1
  • The M. tuberculosis phylogeny c onsists of four major lineages (L1 - Indo-Oceanic, L2 - East-Asian, L3 - East-African-Indian, L4 - Euro-American), which may vary in their propensity to transmit and cause disease [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Drug14
  • Phylogenetic tree for the 590 drug-resistant Mycobaterium tuberculosis isolates from Thailand, 2014-2017. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2016, 1.7 million people died from tuberculosis, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), and incidents of drug resistance are on the rise, especially in impoverished countries. (sdsu.edu)
  • Drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a persistent public health threat. (ox.ac.uk)
  • What are the types of drug-resistant TB? (focustb.com)
  • While TB has sickened people for centuries, newer drug-resistant (DR-TB) versions are more complex and costly to treat, requiring specialized knowledge and resources to address. (plos.org)
  • Combating the spread of drug resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Use of whole genome sequencing in surveillance of drug resistant tuberculosis. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • Drug-susceptible TB and drug-resistant TB are spread the same way. (cdc.gov)
  • Whole-genome sequencing is a single laboratory testthat reveals the complete DNA make-up of theTBorganism causing thepatient's infection, allowing the Department to rapidly detect, characterize and ultimately prevent the spread of drug-resistant TB among New York's general population. (ny.gov)
  • The world is starting to win the war against tuberculosis, but drug-resistant forms pose a new threat. (nature.com)
  • But of the 542 people with TB at the hospital in 2005 and early 2006, 221 (41%) had a multi-drug-resistant (MDR) form, against which these therapies are mostly powerless. (nature.com)
  • An estimated 9% of drug-resistant cases are XDR-TB, which has now been reported in 84 countries. (nature.com)
  • Drug-resistant TB is harder, more expensive and more time-consuming to treat. (nature.com)
  • Multi-drug resistant was found in 29.4% participants. (preprints.org)
Analyses1
  • Tuberculosis- Whole Genome Sequencing (TGS/TB WGS) is a highly sensitive technique that analyses the genome of MTB. (focustb.com)
Detection2
  • The stage is set for new diagnostics to accelerate detection of tuberculosis (TB). (plos.org)
  • Policy statement: automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF system. (bvsalud.org)
Antitubercular drugs1
  • To fight MDR and XDR tuberculosis, three new antitubercular drugs, bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid, and pretomanid were approved for use in clinical setting. (frontiersin.org)
Biology1
Characterize2
  • Here, we leveraged a unique collection of genomes to characterize MAC population structure, gene content, and within-host strain dynamics in unprecedented detail. (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to characterize the spoligotypes of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis patients collected between April 2004 and October 2005 from all Lebanese provinces. (who.int)
Diagnosis3
  • 2.Tuberculosis - diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The study focused mainly on extrapulmonary tuberculosis where a definitive diagnosis was difficult. (who.int)
  • Based on this study PCR was found to be more sensitive than culture or microscopy in those with a final diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. (who.int)
Transgenic cattle2
Contagious respiratory1
Cattle with increased resistance2
  • We further demonstrated that Cas9n-mediated NRAMP1 insertion provided the cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A team from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University in Shaanxi, China, claims it has used the CRISPR/Cas 9 genome editing tool to produce cloned cattle with increased resistance to bovine tuberculosis. (soci.org)