Moreover, the stresses obtained from breakout analysis are confusing as breakout can be induced by different kinds of in situ stresses. (hindawi.com)
this may be attributed to sample disturbance for the EFA and testing under favorable in situ stresses for the BET. Two parallel BETs, one with water and one with drilling mud, shows 10 % more erosion with water than with the drilling mud. (astm.org)
The influence of in-situ stresses and the relative stiffnesses of the intact rock, and shear and normal stiffnesses of the discontinuities has been investigated. (onepetro.org)
Stiffness5
This article describes the genesis and composition of soil, the distinction between pore water pressure and inter-granular effective stress, capillary action of fluids in the soil pore spaces, soil classification, seepage and permeability, time dependent change of volume due to squeezing water out of tiny pore spaces, also known as consolidation, shear strength and stiffness of soils. (wikipedia.org)
In context of pipeline design, the soil's stiffness and ultimate lateral resistance are critical values. (researchgate.net)
Existing approximations for ultimate lateral resistance vary significantly and there are few expressions for the soil stiffness parameters. (researchgate.net)
In context of pipeline design, the soil 's stiffness and ultimate lateral resistance are crit ical values. (researchgate.net)
These analyses indicate that the stability of the wedge and the stress redistribution around the wedge upon excavation of an opening is markedly influenced by the ratio of intact rock stiffness to seam normal and shear stiffness. (onepetro.org)
Displacement3
The primary complexities associated with using driven pre-formed displacement piles to withstand predominantly axial loading include (i) determining their installation resistance (ii) assessing pile static load behaviour after allowing for set-up and (iii) the effects of axial cyclic loading on the behaviour. (bl.uk)
The Displacement Discontinuity (DD) method is an indirect boundary element formulation based on a solution which expresses displacements and stresses resulting from constant normal and shear displacement discontinuities over a finite line segment in an elastic body. (onepetro.org)
Seam or discontinuity elements may be represented as displacement discontinuity elements, the opposite faces of which are connected by elements representing the shear and normal stiffnesses (Ks and Kn) of the seam. (onepetro.org)
Radial1
A new effective stress-based approach to predict radial effective stresses is proposed, based on the key phenomena identified, namely (i) the use of CPT cone resistance to allow for local variations in properties (ii) the marked effect of the relative distance from the pile tip below any given chalk horizon (iii) the interface effective stress shear failure characteristics and (iv) addressing the significant capacity gains which occur with time. (bl.uk)
Soil1
The new approach is shown to lead to far better predictions of both soil resistance to driving and long-term capacity than the current industry design methods. (bl.uk)
Characteristics1
The characteristics of stress distribution of chosen UGS wells are obtained based on the back analysis results and by applying the corresponding fracture criterion, the shaft walls are proven safe. (hindawi.com)
Horizontal stress6
Although fracturing has been the most commonly used method in in situ stress measuring, it may not be available or even fail sometimes, for example, in inclined test holes where the fracture direction is not normal to the minimum horizontal stress. (hindawi.com)
A two dimensional, plane strain model of symmetric rock wedges in a horizontal stress field has been utilized. (onepetro.org)
The rock wedge is loaded by an in-situ horizontal stress field oh and a surface traction t which represents the self weight of the rock wedge or an external force applied to the wedge. (onepetro.org)
Thus, prior to excavation of the opening, the discontinuity is able to transmit the horizontal stress field without the discontinuity being in a state of limiting equilibrium. (onepetro.org)
With excavation of the opening, the wedge is stabilized by the horizontal stress field. (onepetro.org)
Approximately 80 million roof bolts dilation of a roof layer buckled by horizontal stress (figure 1). (cdc.gov)
Tensile2
The are installed to support these roadways, at an installed cost of more movements cause tensile forces in the bolt, usually combined with bending stresses. (cdc.gov)
The highest tensile stress found within the restored models was on NOR with IL (19,1 MPa). (bvsalud.org)
Failure1
Seam failure is incorporated by imposing a constraint on the maximum shear stress that can be developed in a seam. (onepetro.org)
Mechanisms1
The development of improved design methods has been impeded by a lack of both instrumented pile test data and the understanding they can bring regarding the fundamental underlying effective stress mechanisms. (bl.uk)
Determinant1
The anterior load type and restorative status were determinant factors on stress distribution pattern changes, whereas NCCLs morphologies had little influence in maxillary incisors. (bvsalud.org)
Principal stress3
A direct way to get the in situ stress is to measure the principal stress by test methods, such as micro-fracturing test [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, the methods assume that the shear stress is negligible as it is zero when the normal stress is a principal stress. (hindawi.com)
The data were obtained in MPa using the Maximum Principal Stress and Von Mises criteria and the statistical analysis was performed (paired t-test with 95% confidence level). (bvsalud.org)
Vertical2
If a vertical fracture is created in the process, then the minimum in situ stress must be in the horizontal direction. (hindawi.com)
The Each year, about 10,000 miles of underground entries are movement may be vertical sag, shear along a bedding plane, or developed in U.S. coal mines. (cdc.gov)
Concentration2
By constructing a large circular geometric model, the effect of stress concentration is eliminated and a minimum difference between computed and measured stress can be guaranteed in the rectangular objective region. (hindawi.com)
Some minor modifications should also be incorporated into the model to eliminate the effect of stress concentration, which will be discussed below. (hindawi.com)
Effective stress1
The shear strength of soils is primarily derived from friction between the particles and interlocking, which are very sensitive to the effective stress. (wikipedia.org)
Fail1
Over time, excessive cyclic stresses from fatigue can cause the spring to fail. (efunda.com)
Loads1
They distribute loads evenly over a broad area, reducing stress on the joint. (machinedesign.com)
Factor1
In situ stress is an important factor that should be considered during the construction of underground gas storage (UGS). (hindawi.com)
Joint2
Adhesives resist flex and vibration stresses and form a seal as well as a bond, which protects the joint from corrosion. (machinedesign.com)
Mechanical properties of the two discontinuities are identical, being represented by linear normal and shear joint stiffnesses Kn and Ks and angle of friction ΓΈ. (onepetro.org)
Normal1
In the formulation used here the normal and shear stiffnesses of the discontinuities have been modelled by linear elastic elements, but in general, non-linear discontinuity elements may be modelled with the programme. (onepetro.org)
Include1
The data reduction process is expanded to include the profile of the shear stress on the borehole wall using simplifying assumptions. (astm.org)
Influence1
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different anterior load type and restorative procedure on stress distribution of maxillary incisors with different noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) morphologies. (bvsalud.org)
Wall1
They also show that the bottom two diameters of the borehole flow do not develop a steady shear stress on the wall and should not be used. (astm.org)
Area2
Punching shear arises when a concentrated load is applied to a small area of a slab or, most commonly, the reaction of a column against a slab. (concretecentre.com)
The resulting stresses are verified along defined control perimeters around the loaded area. (concretecentre.com)
Effects1
Hydraulic fracturing, when poroelastic effects are considered, seems to be the best option to derive the horizontal in situ stress magnitude and direction [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Higher2
On the other hand, the fracturing method will also be ineffective when the measurement requires a higher injection pressure and the terrain, with UGS located, is bearing a very large stress. (hindawi.com)
The IL provided higher compressive stress than ML, mainly on WS (-136.3MPa), IR" (-117.5) and NO (-71.1 MPa). (bvsalud.org)
Zone1
The stress distribution of the test zone can be calculated quickly with the help of finite element optimisation and the results can be more accurate with some optimisation methods implemented. (hindawi.com)
Results1
The efficiency of the proposed method is investigated and confirmed by its capability on restoring in situ stress field, which agrees well with experimental results. (hindawi.com)
Field3
The in situ stress field of an underground gas storage (UGS) reservoir in a Turkey salt cavern is analysed by the basic theory of elastic mechanics. (hindawi.com)
When in situ stress data from test wells is obtained, some techniques can be used to identify the magnitude and direction of the whole in situ stress field [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Not only can the magnitude of the two principal stresses be solved, but also the direction of the field can be determined. (hindawi.com)
Design1
For structures, the lateral stability of which do not rely on the frame action between the slab and columns and in which adjacent spans do not differ in length by more than 25%, the design punching shear may be obtained by enhancing V Ed by 1.15 for internal columns, 1.4 for edge columns and 1.5 for corner columns. (concretecentre.com)
Role1
Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) and portal hypertension (PH). (mdpi.com)
State1
They obtained experiment data from multiple fracturing and induced fractures from imaging logs to calculate the in situ stress state. (hindawi.com)