Resistance sequence plasmids. Medical search. Frequent questions

MDR plasmid transfer from Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli was demonstrated by PCR and whole-genome sequencing of isolates purified from agar plates containing cefotaxime. (nih.gov)
All the Salmonella isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis for serovar predictions, multi-locus sequence types, antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmid types by using the in-house Galaxy platform. (frontiersin.org)
The antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates was determined using a minimal inhibitory concentration assay with 14 antimicrobials. (frontiersin.org)
About 3,000 isolates have been selectively sequenced for different projects, Snesrud said. (genomeweb.com)
Enterobacterales isolates that are concomitant ESBL producers and are carbapenem resistant have been increasingly reported and demonstrate alarmingly increased antibiotic resistance patterns compared with ESBL Enterobacterales . (frontiersin.org)
we sequenced genomic DNA from pools of E. coli clinical isolates with similar antibiotic resistance phenotypes using SOLiD technology to uncover SNPs unanimously conserved in each pool. (datadryad.org)
Whole-genome sequencing was fundamental to linking isolates from dog food to human cases across Europe. (escmid.org)
Preliminary data suggest that all Shigella isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs in this range for which results are available harbor at least one quinolone resistance gene known to confer reduced susceptibility in enteric bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Shigella isolates without a quinolone resistance gene typically have a ciprofloxacin MIC of ≤0.015 μg/mL. (cdc.gov)
Fluoroquinolone resistance is of particular concern given that data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System indicate that many Shigella isolates with a quinolone resistance gene also are resistant to many other commonly used treatment agents, such as azithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ampicillin. (cdc.gov)
Rising fluoroquinolone MIC values among Shigella isolates may be related to the emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Shigella species in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Shigella strains harboring PMQR genes were identified earlier this year following whole genome sequencing of isolates from a multistate outbreak of multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri infections predominantly affecting adult men, many of whom identify as men who have sex with men, according to epidemiologic data collected by CDC's Shigella program as part of outbreak response. (cdc.gov)
This plasmid peak was present in spectra from retrospectively analyzed K. pneumoniae outbreak isolates, concordant with results from whole-genome sequencing, and absent from a diverse control set of bla(KPC)-negative clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates. (nih.gov)
We investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in A. pittii and A. nosocomialis Thai isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
From this information, PCRs identifying novel features of pCT were designed and applied to isolates from several countries, showing that the plasmid has disseminated worldwide in bacteria from humans and animals. (birmingham.ac.uk)
To characterize the genomic context of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), we sequenced 78 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Pakistan and the United States encoding KPC, NDM-1, or no carbapenemase. (cdc.gov)
The high prevalence of ertapenem nonsusceptibility at a tertiary care hospital in Egypt was predominantly attributed to K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-mediated resistance mechanisms in K. pneumoniae isolates. (who.int)
Complete Genome Sequences of Mumps and Measles Virus Isolates from Three States in the United States. (cdc.gov)
It also made recommendations for the complete genome sequencing of all currently retained isolates in both repositories. (who.int)

Transposons are semi-parasitic DNA sequences which can replicate and spread through the host's genome. (wikipedia.org)
While genetic sequencing techniques can determine the genotype of a genome, they cannot determine the function or phenotypic expression of gene sequences. (wikipedia.org)
If a new phenotype is observed, the genome is sequenced and searched for tagged transposons. (wikipedia.org)
In the treatment of genetic diseases, the insertion of a transposon into deleterious gene locus of organism's genome would misalign the locus sequence, truncating any harmful proteins formed and rendering them non-functional. (wikipedia.org)
CDC scientists used whole genome sequencing (WGS) on the Campylobacter bacteria isolated from sick people's stool samples. (cdc.gov)
Whole genome sequencing by CDC determined that the strain of virus making the rats and people sick was closely related to a strain of Seoul virus previously found in pet rats in the United Kingdom. (cdc.gov)
The most frequent target of resistance mutations was the plasmid-encoded SpCas9 that was inactivated by bacterial genome rearrangements involving translocation of mobile genetic elements such as insertion elements. (dtu.dk)
Current efforts to understand antibiotic resistance on the whole genome scale tend to focus on known genes even as high throughput sequencing strategies uncover novel mechanisms. (datadryad.org)
The similarity was evenly spread across the entire genome and not limited to plasmid or pathogenicity island loci. (datadryad.org)
Unfortunately, we look for no more than 4 markers, but when we do genome sequencing we get to know a lot many more (components) that may be driving resistance. (thehindu.com)
See how the University of Washington used HiFi sequencing to uncover a key finding about ALS and the human genome. (pacb.com)
Even though diverse strains of S. aureus have been extensively studied, and subjected to genome sequencing, the function of a large proportion of their genes remains unidentified. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to isolate a particular gene from human chromosomal DNA, it would be necessary to isolate a sequence of a few hundred or few thousand basepairs from the entire human genome. (addgene.org)
Digesting the human genome with restriction enzymes would yield about two million DNA fragments, which is far too many to separate from each other for the purposes of isolating one specific DNA sequence. (addgene.org)
The whole genome sequence analysis revealed the presence of several variable genomic elements including staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCC), prophages, genomic islands, various full and partial IS elements, and plasmids conferring beta-lactam and macrolide resistance. (muni.cz)
The Ti plasmid contains virulence genes (vir), which code for the protein machinery required for transfer and integration of disease causing genes into the host plants genome. (igem.org)
Any DNA sequences situated between the LB and RB will be inserted into the plant host genome. (igem.org)
By swapping the oncogenes from the T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid with any plant gene expression cassette (containing a plant promoter, a gene of interest and a transcriptional terminator sequence), they were able to integrate their particular gene of interest into the host genome without causing the disease. (igem.org)
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify possible resistance determinants in this mutant. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was performed using the PacBio RS platform. (pacb.com)
The genome size of SCM96 was 5,579,775?bp and composed of chromosomal DNA (5,398,745?bp) and 2 plasmids, IncFII type plasmid pSCM96-1 (134,869?bp) and IncX3 type plasmid pSCM96-2 (46,161?bp). (pacb.com)
Bioinformatic Analyses of Whole-Genome Sequence Data in a Public Health Laboratory. (cdc.gov)
Genome sequencing and comparative genomics of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O145:H25 and O145:H28 reveal distinct evolutionary paths and marked variations in traits associated with virulence & colonization. (cdc.gov)

Insertional inactivation focuses on suppressing the expression of a gene by disrupting its sequence with an insertion. (wikipedia.org)
ABSTRACT The bla IMP-14 carbapenem resistance gene has largely previously been observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. (ox.ac.uk)
Most of these plasmids were detected to carry both TEM- and SHV-derived genes by PCR, and confirmed by localizing each gene by hybridization assay. (scielo.br)
The E. coli was found to contain the mcr-1 gene on a transmissible plasmid as well as genes conferring other types of antibiotic resistance. (genomeweb.com)
But if the mcr-1 gene is transferred and ends up on a resistance plasmid that contained genes encoding carbapenemases or 16s methylation , for example, it could be dire. (genomeweb.com)
Once a single bacterium mutates to become resistant to antibiotics, it can transfer that resistance to other bacteria around it through a process known as horizontal gene transfer. (asm.org)
One of the main vehicles for gene transfer among bacteria are small circular pieces of DNA, or plasmids. (asm.org)
One especially versatile gastrointestinal pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, is particularly interesting for studies on resistance gene sharing because it forms so-called persister reservoirs in its hosts. (asm.org)
pSELECT-zeo plasmids offer all the features necessary to express a gene of interest at high levels in a large number of cell types. (invivogen.com)
pSELECT-zeo plasmids contain two transcription units, the first drives the expression of the gene of interest and the second drives the expression of a Zeocin™ selectable marker. (invivogen.com)
Understanding the presence of plasmid vectors requires an appreciation of the basics of gene-editing, which, confusingly, are considerably distinct from what the word 'editing' means in ordinary English. (greenmedinfo.com)
In addition, we quantify the shifts in antibiotic resistance gene abundances in different species in a 25 member human gut microbial community in response to antibiotics. (biorxiv.org)
Although they can be found in archaea and eukaryotes, they play the most significant biological role in bacteria where they can be passed from one bacterium to another by a type of horizontal gene transfer (conjugation), usually providing a benefit to the host, such as antibiotic resistance. (addgene.org)
Typically plasmids contain the minimum essential DNA sequences for this purpose, which includes a DNA replication origin, an antibiotic-resistance gene, and a region in which exogenous DNA fragments can be inserted. (addgene.org)
In the early years of cloning, genomic DNA was often cloned into plasmid vectors using DNA adapters to add the required restriction sites to a gene of interest, prior to ligation. (neb.com)
Transformed colonies, now resistant to an antibiotic due to a resistance gene harbored by the plasmid, are screened by colony PCR or restriction digest of plasmid DNA for the correct insert. (neb.com)
Note that times are based on estimates for moving a gene from one plasmid to another. (neb.com)
Using a particle gun, wild type C. reinhardtii cells have been transformed with a plasmid carrying the psaC gene disrupted by an aadA gene cassette designed to express spectinomycin/streptomycin resistance in the chloroplast. (unige.ch)
However, recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state and local public health partners show that these strains often have a quinolone resistance gene that may lead to clinically significant reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. (cdc.gov)
Any patient with a Shigella infection could carry a strain harboring a quinolone resistance gene with a ciprofloxacin MIC of 0.12-1 μg/mL. (cdc.gov)
In this case, we retrospectively tracked the bla(KPC) carbapenemase gene-bearing pKpQIL plasmid responsible for a CRE outbreak that occurred at the NIH Clinical Center in 2011. (nih.gov)
An ∼ 11,109-Da MS peak corresponding to a gene product of the bla(KPC) pKpQIL plasmid was identified and characterized using a combination of proteomics and molecular techniques. (nih.gov)
Notably, the gene characterized here is located adjacent to the bla(KPC) Tn4401 transposon on the pKpQIL plasmid. (nih.gov)
Sequence analysis demonstrates the presence of this gene in other bla(KPC) Tn4401-containing plasmids and suggests that this signature MS peak may be useful in tracking other plasmids conferring carbapenem resistance. (nih.gov)
The pCR™4-TOPO™ TA vector contains both ampicillin and kanamycin resistance markers and a LacZα-ccdB gene fusion for positive selection and blue/white screening. (thermofisher.com)
The researchers found that E. coli from the chickens often carried multiple resistance genes, including one copy of the colistin-resistance gene mcr-1, and one copy of the resistance gene, mcr-3. (technologynetworks.com)
Co-location of the polymyxin resistance gene mcr-1 and variant of mcr-3 on a plasmid in Escherichia coli from chicken farm. (technologynetworks.com)
Methods: The individual taxonomic microbiota composition of fecal samples from 90 NAFLD patients and 21 healthy controls was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Furthermore, we used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to detect associations with different abundances of the gut microbiota with dietary patterns. (uni-frankfurt.de)
They later found that the vir gene products could function in trans such that the T-DNA present on a separate plasmid from the plasmid carrying the vir genes could still be transferred to the host plant. (igem.org)
This system, referred to as the binary transformation system, was composed of an Agrobacterium strain containing a Ti plasmid in which the T-DNA was deleted and a second plasmid, which carries the LB and RB sequences flanking two plant gene expression cassettes. (igem.org)
One of these cassettes was used to express a gene of interest and the second was used to express an antibiotic resistance gene for the selection of positive transformation events. (igem.org)
M13KE is a simple M13 derivative in which cloning sites have been introduced at the 5´ end of gene III for display of short peptide sequences as N-terminal pIII fusions. (neb.com)
Except Gene knockout kit, purchasing any EZ-editor™ series product will come with a $20 gRNA plasmid coupon for any plasmids in Red Cotton™ gRNA plasmid bank. (ubigene.us)
The plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance has a strong ability to spread. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The objective of this study was to establish a rapid and sensitive recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method for plasmid-mediated polymyxin-resistant gene mcr-1 detection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Using the reported sequence of the mcr-1 gene, we designed specific primers and probes for RPA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The sequence was a 93,629-bp plasmid encoding a single antimicrobial drug resistance gene, blaCTX-M-14. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Although this organism may not be a pathogen, its contribution to the resistance and the potential for lateral gene transfer to clinically relevant bacteria is certainly a cause for concern. (cdc.gov)
In addition to the 4 antibiotic resistance genes located in the chromosome, pSCM96-1 carried a complex resistance region containing 17 resistance genes and several mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like ?Tn6029, In4-like integron, and Tn3, and pSCM96-2 had only 1 blaNDM-19 gene. (pacb.com)
Joshua Lederberg first coined the term "plasmid" in 1952 (3) , and since their discovery as "extra-chromosomal hereditary determinants", studies have highlighted their role in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and usefulness as tools in molecular biology. (resistancecontrol.info)
However, in the early 1970s, Stanley Falkow, Stanley Cohen, Herbert Boyer, Donald Helinski, Charles Brinton and several others developed the concept of using plasmids as tools for gene cloning. (resistancecontrol.info)
The sequence of the beta-lactamase gene was also determined. (lu.se)
Amino acid sequencing of some beta-lactamases has shown that substitution of only a few amino acids in the bla gene leads to high-level resistance against specific cephalosporins. (lu.se)
The bla NDM-1 gene was encoded on plasmids that were easily transferable. (who.int)

It can also facilitate the conjugative transfer of multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids between commensal and pathogenic bacteria which is a significant public and animal health concern as it may affect our ability to treat bacterial infections. (nih.gov)
Our chemostat system provides a good representation of bacterial interactions, including antibiotic resistance transfer in vivo It can be used as an ethical and relatively inexpensive approach to model dissemination of antibiotic resistance within the gut of any animal or human and refine interventions that mitigate its spread before employing in vivo studies. (nih.gov)
IMPORTANCE The spread of antimicrobial resistance presents a grave threat to public health and animal health and is affecting our ability to respond to bacterial infections. (nih.gov)
Here we use the chicken gut microbiota as an exemplar to model the effects of bacterial infection, antibiotic administration, and plasmid transfer. (nih.gov)
Genomic sequencing could provide unprecedented information about the genetic makeup of individual bacterial pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Transfer of a plasmid (green loop) between two bacterial cells through the process of conjugation. (asm.org)
On a sequence level, P3 very closely resembles another plasmid known as pRSF1010, which has a broad host range, meaning it can replicate in a wide variety of bacterial species. (asm.org)
Thus, the researchers hypothesized that P3 may be transferred from S. Typhimurium to diverse bacterial species in the mammalian gut environment, potentially spreading antibiotic resistance genes as it goes. (asm.org)
Each of Recombinetics' calves possessed two antibiotic resistance genes, along with other segments of superfluous bacterial DNA. (greenmedinfo.com)
A comparison of the TF repertoire of S. aureus against 1209 sequenced bacterial genomes was carried out allowing us to identify a core set of orthologous TFs for the Staphylococacceae , and also allowing us to assign potential functions to previously uncharacterized TFs. (biomedcentral.com)
We have evaluated the orthologous distribution of these elements in other sequenced bacterial genomes using the repertoire of TFs identified in USA300, and identified a core set of regulators for both the Firmicutes phylum, and the Staphylococacceae group. (biomedcentral.com)
Like the bacterial chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA is replicated upon cell division, and each daughter cell receives at least one copy of the plasmid. (addgene.org)
Here, we demonstrate that real-time, direct tracking of a single plasmid in a bacterial strain responsible for an outbreak is possible using a commercial matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system. (nih.gov)
Antimicrobial drug resistance is a global challenge for the 21st century with the emergence of resistant bacterial strains worldwide. (birmingham.ac.uk)
One of the factors that heavily contributes to the problem is how rapidly novel and existing resistance determinants move among bacterial hosts. (resistancecontrol.info)
Plasmids are typically circular (but also less commonly linear) double-stranded DNA molecules that are able to independently control their multiplication and stable inheritance from generation to generation in their bacterial h osts (2) . (resistancecontrol.info)

As part of global surveillance and sequencing of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli , we identified a sequence type 131 strain harboring bla IMP-14 within a class 1 integron, itself nested within an ∼54-kb multidrug resistance region on an epidemic IncA/C 2 plasmid. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that transfer of a multidrug-resistant plasmid from the zoonotic pathogen Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli occurs at a high rate, even in the absence of antibiotic administration. (nih.gov)
Twenty ESBL producing strains (15%) including Escherichia coli (n = 9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 7), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 2) and Enterobacter aerogenes (n = 2) were detected and further analyzed for their resistance transfer features, plasmid profile and nature of the resistance genes. (scielo.br)
However mcr (mobilised colistin resistance) that we found in China, is almost exclusively found in Escherichia coli. (thehindu.com)
Two self-transmissible multidrug-resistance plasmids were also captured: the small (48 kb) IncN3 plasmid pTRE-131 was captured by mating wetland bacteria with Escherichia coli HY842 where it is seemed to be maintained at nearly 240 copies per cell, while the large (144 kb) IncF plasmid pTRE-2011, which was isolated from a cefotaxime-resistant environmental strain of E. coli ST744, exists at just a single copy per cell. (pacb.com)
Title : Changing plasmid types responsible for extended spectrum cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the United States, 1996-2009 Personal Author(s) : Folster, J. P.;Pecic, G.;Stroika, S.;Rickert, R.;Whichard, J. (cdc.gov)
A pCb plasmid encoding a beta-lactamase from Haemophilus ducreyi was transferred to Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. (lu.se)

Subsequently, embryos that exhibit mutations have their genomes sequenced and compared, thus revealing the loci that have been affected by insertion and the roles of the loci. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic researchers Zsuzsanna Izsvák and Zoltán Ivics discovered a fish transposon sequence that, despite being dormant for 15 million years, could be resurrected as a vector for introducing foreign genes into the vertebrate genomes, including those of humans. (wikipedia.org)
Alleles of the latter three genes are tightly linked among most sequenced E. coli genomes, and had not been implicated in antibiotic resistance previously. (datadryad.org)
Our revolutionary sequencing technologies combine the completeness of long reads with the accuracy of short reads to provide the most comprehensive view of genomes, transcriptomes, and epigenomes. (pacb.com)

In addition, many plasmids can transfer from one bacterium to another, the most sophisticated mechanism being by conjugation in which the plasmid carries genes that can create a bridge between bacteria through which a copy of the plasmid can move (Fig 1a). (resistancecontrol.info)

The resistance was detected in a strain of Esherichia coli collected from a woman in Pennsylvania with a urinary tract infection, according to a report published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy last month. (genomeweb.com)
The E. coli in question wound up having two plasmids with different complements of other antibiotic resistance genes, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes, but Snesrud emphasized that it was not a pan-resistant strain. (genomeweb.com)
A study recently published in ASM's Journal of Bacteriology discovered that a particular strain of S. Typhimurium, known as SL1344, shares its plasmids with other bacteria using the assistance of another plasmid. (asm.org)
The mobilizable IncP-6 plasmid pLNU-11 was discovered in a strain of Citrobacter freundii enriched from the wetland sediments with tetracycline and nalidixic acid, and encodes a novel AmpC-like ß-lactamase (blaWDC-1), which shares less than 62% amino acid sequence identity with the PDC class of ß-lactamases found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (pacb.com)
In this work, using diverse sequence analysis, we evaluated the repertoire of TFs and sigma factors in the community-associated methicillin resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) strain USA300-FPR3757. (biomedcentral.com)
More recently, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been used as an upstream step in a cloning protocol to introduce the necessary restriction sites for directional cloning, prior to preparation of the vector and insert by restriction digests, followed by fragment purification, fragment ligation, and transformation into an E. coli cloning strain for plasmid amplification. (neb.com)
Characterization of an NDM-19-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain harboring 2 resistance plasmids from China. (pacb.com)
Polymerase chain reaction results for carbapenem resistance genes detection showed strain SCM96 carried blaNDM-19. (pacb.com)
Much of the early work on plasmids focused on the observation that resistance to antibiotics seemed to transfer from one strain to another, leading to the description of R-factors (4, 5) . (resistancecontrol.info)

Our study demonstrated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella strains isolated from pig slaughterhouses in China and suggested that the genomic platform can serve as routine surveillance along with the food-chain investigation. (frontiersin.org)
A polyphasic taxonomic approach based on whole genomic sequencing with expert annotation, extensive biotyping, DNA fingerprinting by rep-PCR, MALDI-TOF MS, and chemotaxonomy analyses was applied to establish their phylogenetic position and characterize virulence and drug-resistance genes. (muni.cz)
The genomic island harbours genes for the restriction-modification system commonly found on SCC elements, a putative transposon with IS6 family element similar to IS431mec, a putative transcriptional regulator and accessory genes, which have been found frequently on plasmids. (muni.cz)

While the number of targets did not significantly affect efficiency of killing, it did reduce the emergence of chromosomal mutations conferring resistance. (dtu.dk)
5 Although ovarian cancer in advanced stages initially appears to be chemotherapy sensitive as response rates to platinum-based therapy exceed 80%, long-term survival remains poor as a result of recurrence and emergence of drug resistance. (nature.com)
Self-transmissible and mobilizable plasmids contribute to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria by enabling the horizontal transfer of acquired antibiotic resistance. (pacb.com)
The emergence of carbapenem resistance in non-baumannii Acinetobacter has increased in clinical settings worldwide. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The global emergence of carbapenemase-producing organisms is a public health emergency because these enzymes confer resistance to nearly all Beta-lactam drugs and are often associated with multidrug or pandrug resistance. (cdc.gov)
The products were sequenced and the and the emergence of resistance to patients had lung congestion, burning nucleotide sequences and deduced- expanded-spectrum cephalosporins is upon urination and fever. (who.int)

We used an in vitro chemostat system to approximate the chicken cecal microbiota, simulate colonization by an MDR Salmonella pathogen, and examine the dynamics of transfer of its MDR plasmid harboring several genes, including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla CTX-M1 We also evaluated the impact of cefotaxime administration on plasmid transfer and microbial diversity. (nih.gov)
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic Salmonella is a significant ongoing concern over the world. (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, significant advancements have been achieved in understanding and prediction of antimicrobial resistance of the Salmonella ( 11 , 14 , 18 , 19 ), and the knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids are improving. (frontiersin.org)
Comparative Sequence Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant IncA/C Plasmids from Salmonella enterica. (cdc.gov)

To answer these questions a discussion of several factors involved in antibiotic resistance will show that resistance is a designed feature of pre-existing genes enabling bacteria to compete with the antibiotic producers in their environment. (icr.org)

Insertional mutagenesis is when transposons function as vectors to help remove and integrate genetic sequences. (wikipedia.org)
She found leader sequences that were likely to carry her proteins to the membrane and made them into simple Biobricks, ligated to ccdB Cam vectors. (igem.org)
After ligating each leader sequence with ccdB vectors, she ligated those Biobricks with her F DNA to make a combination of promoter, RBS, and leader sequence that was ready to have a protein attached to the back. (igem.org)
The discovery that plasmids could be efficiently used as cloning vectors led to an increased interest in understanding plasmid biology, as well as stimulating new types of biotechnology. (resistancecontrol.info)

Characterization of four multidrug resistance plasmids captured from the sediments of an urban coastal wetland. (pacb.com)
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), especially multidrug-resistance plasmids, are major vehicles for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. (uni-frankfurt.de)

Transposon-based Insertional inactivation is considered for medical research from suppression of antibiotic resistance in bacteria to the treatment of genetic diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Alternatively insertional inactivation could be used to suppress genes that express antibiotic-resistance in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, investigators identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in most Campylobacter bacteria linked to this outbreak, indicating they were resistant to many first-line antibiotics used to treat Campylobacter infections. (cdc.gov)
Transfer of antimicrobial resistance via plasmid exchange is of particular concern as it enables unrelated bacteria to acquire resistance. (nih.gov)
The gastrointestinal tract is replete with bacteria and provides an environment for plasmid transfer between commensals and pathogens. (nih.gov)
An increase in the frequency of antibiotic resistance in bacteria since the 1950s has been observed for all major classes of antibiotics used to treat a wide variety of respiratory illnesses, skin disorders, and sexually transmitted diseases. (icr.org)
Is this resistance the result of bacteria evolving new genes in response to the presence of antibiotics, or are antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected for in the environment by possessing antibiotic resistance genes beforehand? (icr.org)
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is rampant among bacteria that cause healthcare- and community-acquired infections, driving up costs and increasing the difficulty of therapeutic management. (europa.eu)
Plasmids can be transferred through direct physical contact between bacteria in a process known as conjugation, which helps bacteria share their antibiotic resistance genes with their neighbors. (asm.org)
As S. Typhimurium frequently encounters gut bacteria, plasmid sharing, and the spread of resistance genes, is a real concern. (asm.org)
Experiment to check whether the recipient bacteria had any pre-existing antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
However, the researchers did not expect the plasmid to be transferred if there was no antibiotic pressure, as it would not directly benefit the bacteria to harbor resistance genes. (asm.org)
For me, the most striking thing was that…the plasmid was taken up by other bacteria even without the selective pressure [of antibiotics]," explains Marla Gaissmaier, first author of the study and now a doctoral student at LMU Munich in Germany. (asm.org)
I didn't even challenge the bacteria with streptomycin, so there was no directly visible fitness advantage in taking up the plasmid. (asm.org)
and Dr. Louise Francois Watkins, a Medical Officer, all with CDC's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria Team within the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)
Our approach uncovered evidence that additional DNA binding enzymes may contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance and further implicate environmental bacteria as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance. (datadryad.org)
Although the IncR plasmid pTRE-1611 was captured by mating wetland bacteria with P. putida KT2440 as recipient, it was found to be mobilizable rather than self-transmissible. (pacb.com)
Plasmid-mediated resistance genes are of particular concern because of their ability to spread between bacteria and their ability to promote chromosomal mutations conferring quinolone resistance, potentially resulting in rapid spread of fluoroquinolone resistance within or between populations of bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Complete DNA sequences can be used as a platform to develop rapid epidemiologic tools to identify and trace the spread of plasmids in clinically relevant pathogens, thus facilitating a better understanding of their distribution and ability to transfer between bacteria of humans and animals. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Plasmids can also pick up a variable cargo of other genes that can help their host bacterium grow or survive in different environments - the plasmid spreads them between bacteria and if a survival advantage is gained due to the carried genes on the plasmid there will be positive selection for its carriage. (resistancecontrol.info)
Genetically identical plasmids were identified globally in different, completely unrelated strains of bacteria. (resistancecontrol.info)
In fact, as reported by Drancourt et al (2004), genotyping performed on bacteria derived from the remains of plague victims of the first two epidemics revealed sequences similar to that of Orientalis. (medscape.com)
After ingestion of infected blood, the bacteria survive in the midgut of the flea owing to a plasmid-encoded phospholipase D that protects them from digestive juices. (medscape.com)

The role of plasmids, particularly those able to transfer autonomously (conjugative), in the spread of antibiotic resistance was quickly established. (resistancecontrol.info)

The resistance genes were contained on a type of plasmid known as IncP. (technologynetworks.com)

Three types of transconjugants harboring different plasmids were selected by conjugation experiment. (pacb.com)
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing, characterization of ESBL-encoding genes and the genetic environment, conjugation experiments and plasmid analysis were carried out. (who.int)

We describe enterococci in raw-frozen dog food commercialized in Europe as a source of genes encoding resistance to the antibiotic drug linezolid and of strains and plasmids enriched in antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes in hospitalized patients. (escmid.org)

Transfer occurred to seven E. coli sequence types at high rates, even in the absence of cefotaxime, with resistant strains isolated within 3 days. (nih.gov)
For instance, most plasmids are replicated in E. coli and are relatively small (∼3000 - 6000 basepairs) to enable easy manipulation. (addgene.org)
In addition to E. coli, the resistance genes have been found in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacteriaceae, and aeromonads. (technologynetworks.com)
Two nucleotides were different between the E. coli (Tn3) and H. ducreyi (pCb) genes that affected the amino-acid sequence. (lu.se)

Given their relatively simple design and inherent ability to move DNA sequences, transposons are highly compatible at transducing genetic material, making them ideal genetic tools. (wikipedia.org)
began their experiment by constructing a genetic sequence consisting of the Hmox-1 transposable element and transposase from Sleeping Beauty. (wikipedia.org)
Investments in next generation sequencing (NGS) methods over the previous 5 years now allow scientists to identify the genetic variations among many different influenza virus particles in a single sample. (cdc.gov)
Using Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) we studied the killing efficiency and resistance mutation rate towards CRISPR-Cas9 antimicrobials and elucidated the underlying genetic alterations. (dtu.dk)
Note that the sequence of available ORFs provided by InvivoGen can differ from a given reference Genbank record due to genetic variations and/or alternative splicing. (invivogen.com)
Here, we introduce a simple, robust, and generalizable platform for quantitative and massively parallel single cell sequencing of target genetic loci in microbes using ultrahigh-throughput droplet microfluidics (Droplet Targeted Amplicon Sequencing or DoTA-seq). (biorxiv.org)
Plasmids are genetic elements that can jump from one bacterium to another, and sometimes even from one species to another, often spreading resistance genes. (technologynetworks.com)
Many globally successful strains of pathogens have been able to become widely disseminated as a result of resistance genes acquired on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (1) . (resistancecontrol.info)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)

CoNS serve as a reservoir of accessory genes, including virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors for the genus Staphylococcus. (muni.cz)
It may also represent a primordial element able to accumulate virulence and drug resistance factors, whose spread into established pathogens such as S. aureus would be a threat to the healthcare system. (muni.cz)

Plasmids are fragments of double-stranded DNA that typically carry genes and can replicate independently from chromosomal DNA. (addgene.org)

A rapid matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based method for single-plasmid tracking in an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. (nih.gov)
This is the first report of these two genes on a single plasmid. (technologynetworks.com)

Expression of ESBL is often associated with multidrug resistance and dissemination by resistance plasmids. (scielo.br)
But it was not until techniques like DNA sequencing became commonplace that the extent of the role plasmids play in the dissemination and evolution of resistance traits became clear (7) . (resistancecontrol.info)
The ease of NDM-1 plasmid transmissibility may help their dissemination among the Enterobacteriaceae. (who.int)

The mcr colistin resistance genes, five of which are now known, were only discovered in 2016 (there are also variants on some of the five. (technologynetworks.com)
A simple phenotypic method for screening of MCR-1-mediated colistin resistance. (cdc.gov)

This typically involves preparing both a DNA fragment to be cloned (insert) and a self-replicating DNA plasmid (vector) by cutting with two unique restriction enzymes that flank the DNA sequence and are present at the preferred site of insertion of the vector, often called the multiple cloning site (MCS). (neb.com)
The TOPO™ TA Cloning™ Kits for Sequencing provide a highly efficient, 5 minute, one-step cloning strategy ('TOPO™ Cloning') for the direct insertion of Taq polymerase-amplified PCR products into a plasmid vector for sequencing. (thermofisher.com)
These so-called circular intermediates often contain "insertion sequences" that encourage their integration into other plasmids, hastening spread of the resistance genes. (technologynetworks.com)

Dive into the research topics of 'Complete Sequence and Molecular Epidemiology of IncK Epidemic Plasmid Encoding blaCTX-M-14. (birmingham.ac.uk)

In 1952, Joshua Lederberg coined the term plasmid, in reference to any extrachromosomal heritable determinant. (addgene.org)

lactamase encoding genes ( bla ) including bla NDM-1 and plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance determinants. (who.int)

Rapid methods for tracking plasmids carrying carbapenemase genes could greatly benefit infection control efforts. (nih.gov)
To the best of our knowledge, before this report no foodborne carbapenemase-producing organisms had been identified in Canada and the United States, although the scope of antimicrobial drug resistance surveillance programs is limited to major agricultural products-- poultry, beef, and pork. (cdc.gov)
PCR amplification and sequencing confirmed that this organism contained VIM-2 carbapenemase. (cdc.gov)
There is an urgent need for expanded resistance surveillance for carbapenemase-producing organisms and their resistance plasmids in food products that are not captured under current programs. (cdc.gov)

Infections secondary to these pathogens are widely common but multidrug resistance (MDR) in Enterobacterales has become a significant challenge with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of management. (frontiersin.org)
In addition to pathogens, the gut microbiome can house a wide variety of AR genes and plasmids. (cdc.gov)

Among other items, the squid was purchased from a Chinese grocery store in Saskatoon, Canada, in January 2014 as part of a drug-resistance surveillance pilot study. (cdc.gov)
The report also includes a summary on the status of drug resistance for TB, HIV and malaria. (who.int)

Examples of clinical application of the plasmids include metagenomic sequencing in outbreak tracing and personalized medicine, such as identifying drug-microbiome interactions to improve patient outcomes ( Anthony et al. ). (cdc.gov)
Plasmid identification using this MALDI-TOF MS method was accomplished in as little as 10 min from isolated colonies and 30 min from positive (spiked) blood cultures, demonstrating the potential clinical utility for real-time plasmid tracking in an outbreak. (nih.gov)

RÉSUMÉ L'émergence et la propagation rapide des souches de Klebsiella pneumoniae résistantes aux antibiotiques et porteuses du gène blaKPC codant la production de carbapénèmases ont compliqué la prise en charge des infections des patients. (who.int)

The combination of a DNA fragment with a plasmid or vector DNA backbone generates a recombinant DNA molecule, which can be used to study DNA fragments of interest, such as genes. (addgene.org)
Plasmids that are used most commonly in the field of recombinant DNA technology have been optimized for their use of studying and manipulating genes. (addgene.org)
Direct sequencing of the recombinant plasmid is often performed to verify the sequence integrity of the cloned fragment. (neb.com)

Plasmids are recognized as one of the major contributors to the rapid worldwide spread of resistance genes. (resistancecontrol.info)

Thus, apparently unbeknownst to Recombinetics, adjacent to its edited site were 4,000 base pairs of DNA that originated from the plasmid vector used to introduce the DNA required for the hornless trait. (greenmedinfo.com)
The origin of this foreign DNA, as with Recombinetics' calves, was the plasmid vector used in the editing process. (greenmedinfo.com)
Each kit uses the pCR™4-TOPO™ TA vector with specially designed sequencing primer sites that return more insert sequence and less vector sequence from each reaction. (thermofisher.com)
We have removed much of the multiple cloning site from the pCR™4-TOPO™ TA vector to shorten the distance between sequencing primer sites and the insert site to as little as 33 bp. (thermofisher.com)
This means sequencing reactions give less vector sequence and more insert sequence. (thermofisher.com)
The pCR™4-TOPO™ TA vector has sites for 4 common sequencing primers: M13 forward, M13 reverse, T7, and T3. (thermofisher.com)
Using TOPO™ cloning technology, there is no need for PCR primers containing specific sequences, post-PCR procedures, vector preparation, or other time-intensive DNA manipulation steps. (thermofisher.com)
Additionally, the vector does not carry a plasmid replicon or antibiotic resistance, so it is necessary to propagate the vector as phage, rather than a plasmid (i.e., titer for plaques, not colonies). (neb.com)

pCT, IncK plasmid. (cdc.gov)
In 2004, an ESBL-carrying IncK plasmid (pCT) was isolated from cattle in the United Kingdom. (birmingham.ac.uk)

The researchers also found circular pieces of DNA bearing mcr-3, which were derived from IncP plasmids. (technologynetworks.com)
The apparent spread of the same IncP plasmid with one or two mcr genes between different species and a patient, the hospital environment, and animal production is worrying, he said. (technologynetworks.com)
Twenty mcr-1 -positive strains carrying IncI2/IncHI2/IncX4/IncP plasmids were screened by RPA in this study. (microbiologyresearch.org)

It was not, however, a "superbug" itself, as it did not harbor resistance to several other classes of antibiotics. (genomeweb.com)
In Enterobacterales , the prime antimicrobial resistance mechanism against β-lactam antibiotics is mainly the production of β-lactamases, particularly extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). (frontiersin.org)
One aspect about the antimicrobial resistance debate in India is about the consumption of antibiotics. (thehindu.com)
Wanton prescription, it is said, accelerates resistance but on the other hand the per capita consumption of antibiotics is much higher in the West than India. (thehindu.com)
The plasmids ranged in size from 36 to 144 kb and encoded known resistance genes for most of the major classes of antibiotics used to treat Gram-negative infections (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, ß-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and amphenicols). (pacb.com)
Genes such as NDM-1 conferring resistance to β -lactam antibiotics, and other essential antibiotics, have been observed on dominant plasmid types that are known to have been in circulation for over 50 years. (resistancecontrol.info)
Regular monitoring of resistance mechanisms, the establishment of a prevention strategy, and more rational and appropriate use of antibiotics are needed. (who.int)

The deduced amino acid sequence is highly related to that of higher plants and cyanobacteria. (unige.ch)
The display system is best used to display small peptides, i.e. sequences of 50 amino acids or less. (neb.com)

Circular map of plasmid pCT. (cdc.gov)

Amongst the favourable traits carried on plasmids, genes conferring antibiotic resistance are of particular concern in the spread of drug-resistant infections (6) . (resistancecontrol.info)
protein sequences were analysed with a major concern [1,2]. (who.int)

EcoRI restriction enzyme analyses of R plasmids were used in the detection of epidemic plasmids. (scielo.br)
Notably, beginning this fall the CDC will provide new infrastructure and lab capacity to detect and respond to resistant organisms recovered from human samples, according to a Health and Human Services statement on antibiotic resistance detection. (genomeweb.com)
Detection of the IS Ecp1B sequence munity, mostly in hospitals and often in ité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société was performed by PCR using primers intensive care units (ICUs) [3]. (who.int)

Our work is developing ways to displace plasmids from their hosts using incompatibility functions without disrupting cell viability by neutralizing plasmid-encoded toxin/anti-toxin systems. (resistancecontrol.info)

By sequencing tens of thousands of single-cells derived from a human fecal sample, we identify links between plasmid replicons and the taxonomic lineages of their associated hosts. (biorxiv.org)

Plasmid transfer assays were performed using broth mating techniques. (scielo.br)

The MAB_3542c mutation may represent a novel determinant of tigecycline resistance. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We hypothesize that this mutation may dysregulate the stress-response pathways which have been shown to be linked to antibiotic resistance in previous studies. (microbiologyresearch.org)

It confirmed that the enzyme belonged to a class A beta-lactamase which had 99% identity to the ampicillin resistance transposon Tn3 of pBR322. (lu.se)

Some plasmids are specialized to a particular species. (genomeweb.com)
The mcr-1 on transferrable plasmids can instead be passed on to "other strains and other species that they come in contact with in the environment," he said. (genomeweb.com)

we had chosen an RFP mutant (Biobrick E1010) and a cytoslac protein to attach to the leader sequences, which sounded simple enough but turned out to be harder than it seemed. (igem.org)
In the meantime, she was also attempting to attach the cytoslac protein to the leader sequences and it was working so far, but then she realized that her final result would be Kan resistant, as are Rafi's weakened cells that her results would need to be transformed into. (igem.org)

The Cardiff University professor, who reported on the enzyme called New Delhi metallo beta lactamase, says China and Pakistan are more serious about anti-microbial resistance genes than India. (thehindu.com)

ESBL-producing Enterobacterales from the GCC region show high levels of resistance to ampicillin, aztreonam, third-/fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (frontiersin.org)

However, the efficacy of these antimicrobials and their mechanisms of resistance remain to be elucidated. (dtu.dk)
The escalating global prevalence of MDR in Enterobacterales has led to limited treatment options, raising an urgent need for novel antimicrobial therapy(s) and detailed studies exploring underlying resistance mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
The major mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in A. pittii and A. nosocomialis were the production of OXA-23 and OXA-58. (microbiologyresearch.org)

We find that this type of non-canonical fork convergence in fission yeast is prone to trigger deletions between repetitive DNA sequences via a mechanism we call Inter-Fork Strand Annealing (IFSA) that depends on the recombination proteins Rad52, Exo1 and Mus81, and is countered by the FANCM-related DNA helicase Fml1. (elifesciences.org)
Although all plasmids basically function in similar ways, what makes targeting plasmids difficult is that the genes and proteins they need for multiplication and stable inheritance are highly diverse making it unlikely to find a single compound that will block them all. (resistancecontrol.info)

Anatomy8

Organisms31

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes104

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Isolates19

Genome23

Gene45

Bacterial16

Escherichia7

Genomes4

Copy of the plasmid1

Strain9

Genomic3

Emergence6

Salmonella4

Involved in antibiotic resistance1

Vectors4

Multidrug-resistance plasmids2

Bacteria23

Conjugative1

Type of plasmid1

Conjugation2

Strains and plasmids1

Coli4

Genetic10

Virulence2

Chromosomal1

Single plasmid2

Dissemination3

Colistin2

Insertion3

BlaCTX-M-141

Joshua Lederberg1

Determinants1

Carbapenemase4

Pathogens2

Drug Resistance2

Outbreak2

Klebsiella1

Recombinant3

Spread of resistance genes1

Vector8

IncK2

IncP3

Antibiotics7

Amino2

Circular1

Concern2

Detection3

Viability1

Taxonomic1

Assays1

Mutation2

Transposon1

Species2

Protein2

Beta-lactamase1

ESBL1

Mechanisms3

Proteins2