Resistance fas ligand protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Fas ligand (FasL or CD95L or CD178) is a type-II transmembrane protein expressed on cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. (wikipedia.org)
Fas ligand or FasL is a homotrimeric type II transmembrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. (wikipedia.org)
Soluble Fas ligand is generated by cleaving membrane-bound FasL at a conserved cleavage site by the external matrix metalloproteinase MMP-7. (wikipedia.org)
DcR3 is a soluble receptor that has no signal transduction capabilities (hence a "decoy") and functions to prevent FasR-FasL interactions by competitively binding to membrane-bound Fas ligand and rendering them inactive. (wikipedia.org)
The Fas FasL technique as an essential pathway inducing cell apoptosis participates in occurrence and improvement of leukemia. (microrna21.com)
Leukemia cells frequently are not sensitive or are resistant to Fas FasL mediated apoptosis, though it's considered one of im portant factors leading to immunoescape and unsensi tivity of leukemia cells to chemotherapy. (microrna21.com)
Lately research connected to mechanisms of leukemia cell resistance to Fas FasL mediated apoptosis selleck chemical such as Fas and FasL mutation and expression abnormality, Fas signaling transduction pathway abnormality, and regulatory have an impact on of apoptotic regulatory genes on Fas FasL process, as well as tactics replying to antiapoptosis of leukemia cells including NF kappa B, XIAP, membrane receptor CD28 and matrix metalloproteinase 7 obtained some pro gresses. (microrna21.com)
Death ligands are mainly members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family, of which FasL is an important member. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: Fas ligand (FasL) is expressed by activated T cells and induces death in target cells upon binding to Fas. (bvsalud.org)
In contrast, heterozygous variants affected FasL function by reducing expression, impairing trimerization, or preventing Fas binding. (bvsalud.org)

Its binding with Fas receptor (FasR) induces programmed cell death in the FasR-carrying target cell. (wikipedia.org)
Our studies have shown that chronic exposure to single-walled carbon nanotube s (SWCNT) induces apoptosis resistance and malignant transformation of human lung epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
Induces up-regulation of FAS promoter activity, and thereby contributes to the increased triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes (steatosis) (PubMed:14602201). (proteopedia.org)
Tumor necrosis element (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF family that induces cancer cell death by apoptosis with some selectivity. (opioid-receptors.com)

Some reports have suggested that the extrinsic Fas pathway is sufficient to induce complete apoptosis in certain cell types through DISC assembly and subsequent caspase-8 activation. (wikipedia.org)
Since resistance to apoptosis is a foundation of neoplastic evolution and selection of malignant transformed phenotype, we investigated the apoptosis pathway underlying the resistance its mechanisms to aid the understanding of SWCNT-induced carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
As compared to passage-matched control cells, SWCNT-transformed BEAS-2B cells exhibited resistance to apoptosis induced by death ligands, e.g., tumor necrosis factor-a and Fas ligand, but not by inducers of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, e.g., antimycin A and cisplatin, suggesting death receptor pathway as the primary pathway of defective apoptosis in SWCNT-transformed cells. (cdc.gov)
In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
Another pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, appears to play a part in the progression of diabetes, insulin resistance, and autoimmunity in both type 1 and 2 diabetes and complications in diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
The exogenous pathway mediated by death receptors and death ligands is a very important pathway for cell apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)

member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily known as TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) (16). (opioid-receptors.com)

Multidrug and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CR- Kp ) are considered critical threats to global health and key traffickers of resistance genes to other pathogens. (biorxiv.org)
High resistance to most of the antibiotics tested was observed among the isolates, five ST25, three ST11, one ST45, and one ST505, which harbored a total of 44 plasmids, many of them predicted to be conjugative and carrying genes conferring resistance to a variety of antibiotic, metals, and disinfectants. (biorxiv.org)
The expression position of ChFasL in HEK293T cells was also located by subcellular localization, and the effect of increased recombinant protein content on the activity of reporter genes p53 and p21 was studied by dual-fluorescence reporter gene. (bvsalud.org)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Our results indicate not only that RelA is required for activation of key genes involved in adaptive (acquired) immune responses, including major histocompatibility complex class I, CD40, and the Fas death receptor, but also that both NF-κB-inducing signals and IFN-γ are necessary for maximal activation. (rupress.org)
Our results show that RelA plays a critical role in activation of immune system genes in response to nonspecific stimuli and demonstrate a novel proapoptotic function for this protein in Fas-induced cell death. (rupress.org)

In response to TRAIL, these receptors recruit the adaptor protein FADD (Fas-associated death domain), through death domain homophilic interactions (5), and the initiators procaspase-8 and -10, through death effector domain interactions with FADD, hence forming the macromolecular complex called DISC (death-inducing signaling complex). (opioid-receptors.com)
These studies identified PYCARD a cytoplasmatic adaptor protein consisting of a pyrin domain name (PYD) and a caspase recruitment domain name (CARD)12-16 as a central factor in myeloid cells that decided apoptosis in response to signals such as TNF-α and TRAIL. (researchtoactionforum.org)

The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
These include members of the Bcl-2 protein family, course, and extent of programmed cell death will aid man- which have both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic activity agement of patients with severe infections. (cdc.gov)
Several proapoptotic indicators including tumor necrosis aspect-α (TNF-α) Fas ligand and TNF-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Path) are up-regulated in MDS and donate to inadequate hematopoiesis.2-4 As MDS advances clonal hematopoietic cells Pecam1 become resistant to indicators triggered by proapoptotic ligands.1 Increasing proliferation of the clonal cells may be the harbinger of change into acute myeloid leukemia generally. (researchtoactionforum.org)

FASLG, the protein encoded by this gene would be the ligand for FAS. (microrna21.com)
Loss-of-function FAS or FASLG mutations cause autoimmune-lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) characterized by expanded double-negative T cells (DNT) and elevated serum biomarkers. (bvsalud.org)
While most ALPS patients carry heterozygous FAS mutations, FASLG mutations are rare and usually biallelic. (bvsalud.org)

Transient overexpression of DcR1 or DcR2 in TRAIL-sensitive Sav1 tumor cells prevents cell death triggering by TRAIL (10, 11), and recent evidence indicates that tumor and normal cells can acquire resistance to TRAIL-induced killing by up-regulating TRAIL antagonistic receptors (6, 8, 9, 34). (opioid-receptors.com)
During vesiculation, bioactive lipids and receptors re- main associated with vesicle membranes, and cytosolic proteins and nucleic acids are contained within the vesicles [11]. (unicyte.ch)

The protein encoded by this gene is crucial for the rapid induction of target cell apoptosis by CTL in cell-mediated immune response. (antikoerper-online.de)

These guanosine triphosphatases bind GTP causing the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and Ras-like (RAL) pathways [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein Kinase C, theta (PKCθ) is important component in the intracellular signaling cascade (1). (signalchem.com)
1. Manicassamy, S. and Sun, Z. The critical role of protein kinase C-theta in Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis. (signalchem.com)
It has been shown that, due to its α -tocopheryl moiety, the agent activates protein phosphatase-2A that, in turn, inhibits protein kinase C (PKC). (nature.com)

These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)

TLR ligands include high-mobility group B1 (HMGB1), heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP70), endotoxins, and extracellular matrix components [ 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Humans and mice with deleterious mutations of Fas or Fas ligand develop an accumulation of aberrant T-cells, leading to lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and lupus erythematosus. (wikipedia.org)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
Exosomes are one of the most researched classes of extracellular vesicles because they are carriers of targeted protein and DNA/RNA loads. (spandidos-publications.com)

TGF-β, especially TGF-β1 as an uppermost isoform of TGF-β superfamily, may play a very essential role in the development of insulin resistance and obesity and finally, diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)

This allows the adaptor molecule Fas-associated death domain (FADD) to bind the death domain of Fas through its own death domain. (wikipedia.org)

Evidence for crosstalk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways exists in the Fas signal cascade. (wikipedia.org)
Other factors that contribute to a poor prognosis are tumour cell migration into the surrounding tissue, immune evasion [ 8 ], and evasion of cell death induced by radiation and chemotherapy through the activation of anti-apoptotic resistance pathways and upregulation of DNA repair systems. (biomedcentral.com)
Defects can occur at any point along these pathways, leading to malignant transformation of the affected cells, tumour metastasis and resistance to anticancer drugs. (biomedcentral.com)

We evaluated a next generation therapeutic peptide, HTL-001, capable of targeting HOX gene over-expression in GBM by disrupting the interaction between HOX proteins and their co-factor, PBX. (biomedcentral.com)
Interaction of FAS with this ligand is important in triggering apoptosis of some styles of cells this kind of as lymphocytes. (microrna21.com)
Participates in the viral particle production as a result of its interaction with the non-structural protein 5A (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
Wang, Renxiao * , 'Forging the Basis for Developing Protein-Ligand Interaction Scoring Functions', Accounts of Chemical Research , 2017 , 50 (2): pp 302-309. (sioc-ccbg.ac.cn)

Insulin resistance plays a primary role in the development of type 2 diabetes and may be related to alterations in fat metabolism. (signalchem.com)
PKC-theta is a crucial component mediating fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (2). (signalchem.com)
2. Kim, J K. et al: PKC-theta knockout mice are protected from fat-induced insulin resistance. (signalchem.com)
Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance are major inducers of the chronic low-grade inflammatory state that characterizes the diabetic heart. (hindawi.com)
Obesity is defined as an increase of adipose tissue mass in the body and its accumulation in peripheral organs that leads to metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance and hyperlepidemia [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Membrane-anchored Fas ligand trimer on the surface of an adjacent cell causes trimerization of Fas receptor. (wikipedia.org)

The RAS family consists of three proteins all sharing a highly conserved N-terminus region: Harvey RAS (HRAS), Kirsten RAS (KRAS) and neuroblastoma RAS (NRAS). (biomedcentral.com)

Carbon nanotube s induce apoptosis resistance through FLICE-inhibitory protein. (cdc.gov)
Overexpression of FLIP increased apoptosis resistance of the cells, whereas RNAi knockdown of FLIP reversed the apoptosis resistance of cells in response to death ligands. (cdc.gov)
Together, our study demonstrated a novel mechanism of apoptosis resistance induced by chronic exposure to SWCNT in human lung epithelial cells and identified FLIP as a key regulator of apoptosis avoidance that contributes to the development of malignant transformed phenotype. (cdc.gov)

T cells are initially resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis during clonal expansion, but become progressively more sensitive the longer they are activated, ultimately resulting in activation-induced cell death (AICD). (wikipedia.org)
In this work, we studied the antimicrobial resistance and performed a comparative genomics analysis of ten CR- Kp isolates from the Chilean surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae . (biorxiv.org)

Fas ligand/receptor interactions play an important role in the regulation of the immune system and the progression of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
The proximal events of TLR-mediated intracellular signaling are initiated by interactions with cytosolic adapters, mainly myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) [ 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
Since DNA binding domains are invariably missing from HATs and HDACs, they are recruited to their target promoters and enhancers via protein protein interactions. (ampk-signal.com)
Our data suggest gender specific interactions between the diet's fatty acid source, the adipocyte-secreted proteins and metabolic disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
2. Mi Zhou, Qing Li and Renxiao Wang * , 'Current Experimental Methods for Characterizing Protein-Protein Interactions', ChemMedChem , 2016 , 11(8), pp: 738-756. (sioc-ccbg.ac.cn)

They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. (antikoerper-online.de)

CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta ) is a 7.8 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)

Alters lipid metabolism by interacting with hepatocellular proteins involved in lipid accumulation and storage (PubMed:14602201). (proteopedia.org)

Based on the relevant research on the existing drug resistance mechanism, the current treatment plan for reversing the resistance of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is explored, and the potential drug targets are analyzed, aiming to provide a new idea and strategy to reverse the resistance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer. (encyclopedia.pub)
Although the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been confirmed, clinical trial data show that the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for different breast cancer patients are very different, and it is easy to develop drug resistance, which is not conducive to subsequent treatment [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Some cases have been associated with resistance to radiotherapy or chemotherapy and local recurrence. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, our studies have shown that the combined millimeter wave- and chemotherapy can reduce the tumor metastasis, and tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. (healthcaremarts.com)
Multi-drug resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle to obtaining a better prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer. (oncotarget.com)

MATERIALS AND Strategies Ligand creation and antibodies. (opioid-receptors.com)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)

With the overexpression of the recombinant protein pcDNA3 1- ChFasL, the activity of p53 and p21 significantly increased, showing a positive regulatory effect. (bvsalud.org)
Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)

These cells are dubbed Type 1 cells and are characterized by the inability of anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family (namely Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) to protect from Fas-mediated apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Its functions include: T-cell homeostasis: the activation of T-cells leads to their expression of the Fas ligand. (wikipedia.org)
DNA microarray and Western blot analyses of key apoptosis-regulatory proteins in the transformed cells revealed FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) as an important target of regulation by SWCNT. (cdc.gov)
Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
TLRs are membrane-anchored proteins present in several cell types ranging from macrophages and T and B cells to nonimmune cells such as cardiomyocytes [ 20 , 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
The expression of chromatin protein HMGB2 is limited to your SZ, which consists of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers. (cox-inhibitors.com)
p21 protein expression while in the transfected cells was examined by Western blot. (microrna21.com)
Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
Preclinical data reported here show that BN80927 retains Topo I poisoning activity in cell-free assay (DNA relaxation) as well as in living cells, in which in vivo complexes of topoisomerase experiments and quantification of DNA-protein-complexes stabilization, have confirmed the higher potency of BN80927 as compared with the Topo I inhibitor SN38. (aacrjournals.org)
This hypothesis is also supported by in vitro data showing an antiproliferative activity of BN80927 on a model of resistance related to the noncycling state of cells (G 0 -G 1 synchronized). (aacrjournals.org)
Dysregulation of apoptosis of tumor cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and their resistance to therapies [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Nevertheless knockdown of R1 in KG1a cells avoided TNF-α-induced apoptosis while apoptosis was still induced by TNF-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. (researchtoactionforum.org)
The inability of cancer cells to develop resistance to the molecules is a first, the scientists said. (northwestern.edu)
In the second new study, Peter showed the cells chop a gene (Fas ligand) involved in cancer cell growth into small pieces that then act like microRNAs and are highly toxic to cancer. (northwestern.edu)

Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
To date, the molecular mechanisms by which DcR1 and DcR2 confer resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis remain unclear (1, 6, 9, 13). (opioid-receptors.com)

Apoptosis triggered by Fas-Fas ligand binding plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)

Apoptosis regulatory proteins are delicately balanced. (bmj.com)

The antibody response to HIV-1 in vivo is direct against several viral proteins. (scielo.br)

Conclusion: These results comprehensively confirmed the important role of ChFasL in the apoptosis process of C. hongkongensis, which provided the basis and premise for the in-depth understanding of the immune function of apoptosis in molluscs, and also contributed to the research on the pathogenic death mechanism and disease resistance breeding of marine bivalves. (bvsalud.org)

BH-3 only members of the Bcl-2 family engage exclusively anti-apoptotic members of the family (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), allowing Bak and Bax to translocate to the outer mitochondrial membrane, thus permeabilizing it and facilitating release of pro-apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, an antagonist of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). (wikipedia.org)
Revers ible lysine acetylation represents a common modification of proteins that is carried out by histone acetyl trans ferases and Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries histone deacetylases. (ampk-signal.com)

Downstream signalling is controlled by both RAS-intrinsic GTP hydrolysis, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that catalyse hydrolysis and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The most concerning carbapenem resistance mechanism corresponds to carbapenem-inactivating beta-lactamases, especially the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) distributed worldwide, showing the highest prevalence. (biorxiv.org)

FasR: The Fas receptor (FasR), or CD95, is the most intensely studied member of the death receptor family. (wikipedia.org)
Fas forms the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) upon ligand binding. (wikipedia.org)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)

These results provide baseline knowledge for the detailed understanding of molecular and genetic determinants behind antibiotic resistance and virulence of K. pneumoniae in Chile and South America. (biorxiv.org)
These high-risk pathogens have developed mainly by acquiring different mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and genomic islands (GIs) encoding an array of virulence and antibiotic resistance factors[ 2 ]. (biorxiv.org)

Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) was discovered as a serum protein that promoted mouse macrophage motility ( 13 ), and was later purified to homogeneity from human plasma ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The class IV consists of a solitary mem ber HDAC11, with homologies to Rpd3 and Hda1 proteins of yeast. (ampk-signal.com)

The code is embedded in large protein-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and in small RNAs, called microRNAs, which scientists estimate evolved more than 800 million years ago in part to protect the body from cancer. (northwestern.edu)
The paper describing that protein-coding large RNAs can be converted into toxic small RNAs was published in eLife . (northwestern.edu)
Peter's group found about three percent of all protein-coding large RNAs in the genome can be processed in this way. (northwestern.edu)

This group of proteins is responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation and inhibition of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. (rndsystems.com)

The ratios between median values represent fold change in protein expression. (ampk-signal.com)

TRAIL-activating therapy has been promising, however, clinical trials have shown resistance and limited responses of pancreatic cancers. (oncotarget.com)
Dietary fatty acids (FA) and their derivatives are described as PPARγ ligands that trigger physiological responses such as adipogenesis and adipokine secretion. (biomedcentral.com)

Chemicals and Drugs4

Phenomena and Processes6

FasL10

Induces4

Pathway6

Tumor necros1

Genes6

Adaptor protein2

Proapoptotic3

FASLG3

Receptors2

Cell apoptosis1

Kinase4

Lipids1

Heat shock pr2

Mutations1

Extracellular2

Superfamily2

FADD1

Pathways3

Interaction4

Insulin5

Trimerization1

Highly conserved1

Apoptosis resistance3

Resistant2

Interactions5

Peptides1

Lymphocytes1

Accumulation1

Chemotherapy5

Antibodies1

CD801

Recombinant protein3

Cells15

Mechanisms2

Regulation1

Regulatory1

Viral1

Immune1

Inhibitors2

Intrinsic1

Mechanism1

Death4

Antibiotic2

Macrophage1

Consists1

RNAs3

Differentiation2

Serum1

Expression1

Responses2