Resistance genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Acquisition of Virulence & Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. (medscape.com)
XDR Shigella strains can spread antimicrobial resistance genes to other enteric bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Patients with advanced dementia are particularly vulnerable to multidrug-resistant organism acquisition and antimicrobial overuse, which has negative consequences for the gut microbiome and can contribute to the selection and propagation of antimicrobial resistance genes. (biorxiv.org)
In this study, we longitudinally examined a group of advanced dementia patients treated with the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial levofloxacin, finding a correlation between abundance of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes, which we confirmed in a larger cohort of subjects with advanced dementia. (biorxiv.org)
Conclusions We found that the relative abundances of several pathobionts were correlated with and were even predictive of the level of antimicrobial resistance genes in corresponding samples, and that these species carried high levels of resistances genes in their assembled genomes. (biorxiv.org)
In order to test this observation, we utilized a larger metagenomics dataset from a similar population and confirmed the association between pathobiont abundance and antimicrobial resistance genes. (biorxiv.org)

NARMS scientists track and study changes in antibiotic resistance among several bacteria, such as those transmitted commonly through food, water, animal contact, person-to-person contact, and environmental contamination. (cdc.gov)
NARMS data are used to help guide efforts to prevent and reduce the spread of resistance and resistant bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria (germs) are able to survive or grow despite the use of an antibiotic that was previously able to stop them. (cdc.gov)
There is experimental evidence that the Tn916 transposon and its derivatives, with resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and kanamycin, are able to transfer between distant taxa, including transfer between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro . (medscape.com)
In soil environments of urban areas, changes in antibiotic-resistance profiles may represent an increased risk of exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria via oral, dermal, or inhalation routes. (cdc.gov)
A major conclusion of this study is that antibiotic resistance profiles of soil bacteria are impacted by urban flooding events such that they may pose an enhanced risk of exposure for up to three to five months following the hurricane. (cdc.gov)
Effectiveness of zinc oxide-assisted photocatalysis for concerned constituents in reclaimed wastewater: 1,4-Dioxane, trihalomethanes, antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). (nih.gov)
This study examined the effectiveness of ZnO-assisted photocatalytic degradation of several constituents, including 1,4-dioxane, trihalomethanes (THMs), triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), under low intensity of UV exposure. (nih.gov)
To understand strategies used by bacteria for virulence and growth under various conditions, the Gene Expression and Regulation Section investigates how bacteria and phage (viruses that infect bacteria) control the expression of their genomes. (nih.gov)
Viruses significantly influence local and global biogeochemical cycles and help bacteria to survive in different environments by encoding various auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) associated with energy acquisition, stress tolerance and degradation of xenobiotics. (nature.com)
As the most abundant biological entities on earth, viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages referred as viruses from here on) play a critical role in modulating the ecology of microbial communities through lytic infection and lysogenic conversion of their bacterial hosts [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)
Horizontal gene transfer is the primary mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. (wikipedia.org)
Genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species of bacteria through various mechanisms of HGT such as transformation, transduction and conjugation, subsequently arming the antibiotic resistant genes' recipient against antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
Inter-bacterial gene transfer was first described in Japan in a 1959 publication that demonstrated the transfer of antibiotic resistance between different species of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
It has been suggested that lateral gene transfer to humans from bacteria may play a role in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Transformation is often used in laboratories to insert novel genes into bacteria for experiments or for industrial or medical applications. (wikipedia.org)
The co-selection of antibiotic resistance (AMR) evolves through the co-resistance or cross-resistance, or co-regulatory mechanisms, present in bacteria. (degruyter.com)
Co-resistance: an opportunity for the bacteria and resistance genes. (degruyter.com)
Recent studies strongly suggest that in bacteria, both the genomic pattern of DNA thermodynamic stability and the order of genes along the chromosomal origin-to-terminus axis are highly conserved and that this spatial organization plays a crucial role in coordinating genomic transcription. (mdpi.com)
Widespread antibiotic resistance among cholera-causing bacteria causing the outbreak in Yemen since 2018 explained by gene mixing. (sanger.ac.uk)
Scientists have identified the source of antibiotic resistance that emerged within bacteria driving the ongoing Yemen cholera epidemic. (sanger.ac.uk)
Bacteria have been carrying antibiotic-resistance genes for far longer than humans have had medical antibiotics. (newscientist.com)
Other possible uses include finding antibiotic-resistance genes in bacteria or tumor mutations in the body. (nih.gov)
Integrons are found in the genome of hundreds of environmental bacteria but are mainly known for their role in the capture and spread of antibiotic resistance determinants among Gram-negative pathogens. (nih.gov)
Currently, in vivo study of bacterial interactions within oysters is limited by the inability to promote high-level uptake of bacteria by oysters. (exeter.ac.uk)
A bacterial infection is when bacteria invade part of your body and make you sick. (msdmanuals.com)
Wildlife can incorporate and disperse antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment, such as water systems, which in turn serve as reservoirs of resistance genes for human pathogens. (biorxiv.org)
Dr. Mae-Wan Ho , a noted scientist and critic of genetic engineering , writes: "While horizontal gene transfer is well-known among bacteria, it is only within the past 10 years that its occurrence has become recognized among higher plants and animals. (wikidoc.org)
The scope for horizontal gene transfer is essentially the entire biosphere, with bacteria and viruses serving both as intermediaries for gene trafficking and as reservoirs for gene multiplication and recombination (the process of making new combinations of genetic material). (wikidoc.org)
Horizontal gene transfer is common among bacteria , even very distantly-related ones. (wikidoc.org)
Bacteria often develop resistance when resistant genes are transported between hosts. (miriamstoppard.com)
Furthermore, researchers found that the plasmid effectively targeted antimicrobial resistant genes in hosts, other bacteria, to which it transferred, reversing their resistance. (miriamstoppard.com)
Our technology is showing early promise to eliminate resistance in a wide range of different bacteria. (miriamstoppard.com)
Once they are contained within the pigs, the bacteria have an opportunity to evolve antibiotic resistance. (earth.com)

This site uses the term "antibiotics" to refer to antimicrobial agents used to treat bacterial infections in both people and animals. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotics are valuable tools for reducing animal disease and suffering from bacterial infections, but decisions about which antibiotics to use in food animals and how to use them must also be made with consideration of human health and the environmental impact. (cdc.gov)
WGS analysis of 154 isolates of Vibrio cholerae revealed that the recent waves of pandemic of cholera were associated with the acquisition of an SXT/R391 family ICE encoding resistance to several antibiotics. (medscape.com)
This is a pretty crucial moment when there are fewer and fewer new antibiotics available, but more and more antibiotic resistance evolving," Lu says. (nih.gov)
Forty-nine isolates (kindly provided by Dr. D. Sirot, Clermont-Ferrand, France) were selected for transferable resistance to aminoglycosides or to other antibiotics. (nih.gov)
PCR was used to detect several biofilm and antibiotics resistance related genes. (hindawi.com)
Bacterial pathogens resistant to multiple antibiotics are emergent threat to the public health which may evolve in the environment due to the co-selection of antibiotic resistance, driven by poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and/or heavy metal contaminations. (degruyter.com)
Antibiotics, resistome and resistance mechanisms: a bacterial perspective. (degruyter.com)
This plasmid introduced genes encoding resistance to multiple clinically used antibiotics, including macrolides. (sanger.ac.uk)
There has been a marked increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones and β-lactams/cephalosporins, antibiotics commonly used to treat salmonellosis. (frontiersin.org)
However, S. enterica serovars vary in their resistance to these and other antibiotics. (frontiersin.org)
According to the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) 2015 Annual Report, 12.4% of S. enterica isolates tested were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics [ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2016 ]. (frontiersin.org)
Production of ß-lactamases has been reported as one of the most common mechanisms of resistance to these antibiotics and has played a significant role in the global spread of resistance particularly in the community and hospital settings as well as in agriculture and the environment. (usda.gov)
As resistance to the Beta-lactam class of antibiotics has become a worldwide problem, the multidrug resistant (MDR) human (n=243) and food animal (n=211) isolates were further tested in the present study to characterize potential Beta-lactamase encoding genes and plasmid replicons. (usda.gov)
This study was aimed at determining the urinary bacterial isolates and their susceptibility to selected antibiotics among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of selected Hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria. (who.int)
The isolation of bacterial pathogens resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotics from pregnant women symptomatic and asymptomatic for UTI calls for early screening of all pregnant women for UTI during antenatal care service delivery. (who.int)
Bacterial signalling: new chemical keys to unlock the production of novel microbial antibiotics. (warwick.ac.uk)
The acquisition of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, generally concurrent with the acquisition of resistance to other antibacterial agents, represents a huge challenge for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus associated infections. (pewtrusts.org)
S. aureus presents two main mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: the expression of the PC1 beta-lactamase, capable of hydrolyzing and inactivating the beta-lactam antibiotics, and the acquisition of a PBP (PBP2a) with low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics, and which is hence not inhibited by them. (pewtrusts.org)
Inactivation of the VraSR system drastically affects the resistance of different S. aureus strains to vancomycin (a glycopeptide antibiotic) and to beta-lactam antibiotics. (pewtrusts.org)
The three systems here described have important roles in resistance to cell-wall active antibiotics, but the details of the molecular mechanisms involved in signal transduction have not been completely unveiled yet. (pewtrusts.org)
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global threat, with nearly five million deaths annually resulting from -antibiotics failing to treat infections, according to World Health -Organisation figures. (miriamstoppard.com)
We're facing a growing crisis around antibiotic resistance, and this situation is being generated by both an increasing number of pathogens becoming resistant to existing antibiotics, and an anemic pipeline in the biotech and pharmaceutical industries for new antibiotics," Collins says. (sciencedaily.com)
According to the researchers, most of the strains carried genes that provide resistance to multiple antibiotics. (earth.com)

WGS comparison has been used to identify insertion events in bacterial genomes, which have been proposed to have played a significant role in the emergence of epidemic clones or even the pathogen species itself. (medscape.com)
As Jian, Rivera and Lake (1999) put it: "Increasingly, studies of genes and genomes are indicating that considerable horizontal transfer has occurred between prokaryotes" (see also Lake and Rivera, 2007). (wikipedia.org)
This situation calls for more research into the evolution of bacterial genomes. (sanger.ac.uk)
This has led microbiologists to suspect that genes conferring resistance to these molecules must be a natural part of many microbes' genomes. (newscientist.com)
SnpFilt: A pipeline for reference-free assembly-based identification of SNPs in bacterial genomes. (cdc.gov)

Our investigation showed that a qnrA 1 gene was present in 78 (94%) of 83 outbreak isolates and that a qnrA1 -encoding plasmid transferred to other strains of the same species and other species. (cdc.gov)
A total of 1,167 isolates were tested for a qnrA gene. (cdc.gov)
Aminoglycoside resistance was the selection criterion because the outbreak strain was aminoglycoside-resistant, and these isolates are stored routinely in our laboratory. (cdc.gov)
Detection of biofilm-related genes shows that all the genes targeted were found among S. aureus isolates. (hindawi.com)
Genetic Characterisation of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates with Deletion of the pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 Genes in Colombia: The Amazon Region, a Challenge for Malaria Diagnosis and Control. (cdc.gov)
A subset of isolates were also tested to determine if the plasmid-associated genes were able to transfer among E. coli. (usda.gov)
Cefoxitin (30g) was used as surrogate to determine phenotypic methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates, and the methicillin resistance ( mec A) gene was detected by conventional PCR assay. (who.int)
Gram negative isolates showed high resistance rate of 73.1% to ampicillin and 65.4% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid while Gram-positive isolates showed high resistant rate of 94.1% to penicillin. (who.int)
Four of the 9 (44.4%) CoNS isolates were cefoxitin resistant and all the 4 (100%) carried mec A gene. (who.int)
All bacterial isolates were identified and characterized morphologically and biochemically. (scielo.br)
All isolates recovered from non-migrating birds were found resistant to Oxacillin while all isolates recovered from migrating birds demonstrated resistance to Oxacillin, Chloramphenicol, Oxytetracycline and Lincomycin. (scielo.br)
Some bacterial isolates recovered from non-migrating birds and migrating birds exhibited MDR phenotype. (scielo.br)
In other countries, such as in Europe, we see a high level of coordinated research on this topic from a public health perspective, with open access to collect bacterial isolates from pigs raised on factory farms, but so far in the U.S. not as much is being done," said Dr. Randad. (earth.com)

The system could target genes on bacterial chromosomes or plasmids. (nih.gov)
The researchers also found the multidrug-resistant plasmid in local, endemic V. cholerae strains not associated with the cholera disease itself 3 , suggesting these different strains were able to exchange plasmids with antibiotic-resistance capabilities. (sanger.ac.uk)
This cholera strain, which has also been found in the Southeast African region, has the ability to pick up plasmids carrying multidrug resistance. (sanger.ac.uk)
It is possible that the spvB -virulence plasmid excludes other plasmids and may explain why antibiotic resistance is slow to develop in certain Salmonella serovars such as S . Enteritidis. (frontiersin.org)
The distribution of plasmid entry exclusion genes traS / traT and traY / excA are variable in Salmonella IncF and IncI plasmids, respectively and may account for differences in emergent antimicrobial resistance for some Salmonella serovars. (frontiersin.org)
Plasmids are often important vehicles for disseminating antibiotic resistance, however some Salmonella serovars are slower in developing antibiotic resistance compared to others. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from food animals and humans from Nigeria were analyzed for the presence of Beta-lactamase encoding genes and plasmids which may harbor those genes. (usda.gov)
Results showed that Beta-lactamase genes were prevalent in multidrug resistant E. coli from both humans and animals and also contained multiple, diverse plasmids. (usda.gov)
This revealed 81 antibiotic resistance genes in birds from all localities, including β-lactam, tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance in Antarctica, and genes typically associated with multidrug resistance plasmids in areas with high human impact. (biorxiv.org)

Almost half of the transferable resistance to aminoglycosides (53%) was mediated by integron hot-spots in strains characterized at the nucleotide level. (nih.gov)
The present study aims to establish the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance and adhesion genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw cow milk in Shahrekord, Iran. (hindawi.com)
Greenhouse tests found that resistance is not specific to single strains but rather is broad and confers resistance to diverse strains from distant locations. (usda.gov)
The team used DNA sequencing to analyze relationships among these bacterial strains. (earth.com)
We found that these livestock-associated S. aureus strains had many genes that confer resistance to antimicrobial drugs commonly used in the U.S. industrialized pig production system," said study first author Dr. Pranay Randad. (earth.com)
The drug-resistant bacterial strains may then be transmitted back to humans, becoming a potentially serious source of disease. (earth.com)

The major causes of mass tomato infections in both covered and open ground are agents of bacterial spot and bacterial speck diseases . (bvsalud.org)
In the past few years, due to exponential increase of AMR, numerous drugs are now no longer effective to treat infectious diseases, especially in cases of bacterial infections. (degruyter.com)
For example, it could be used to detect viral or bacterial infections in a population during outbreaks. (nih.gov)
One of the major aquatic bacterial genera responsible for human infections from seafood is Vibrio, especially from oysters. (exeter.ac.uk)
Antibiotic resistance is rendering common bacterial infections untreatable. (biorxiv.org)
During the time of World War II, antimicrobial agents were first widely utilized to treat bacterial infections. (scielo.br)
Very few new antibacterials are in advanced stages of clinical evaluation for the treatment of bacterial infections, including MRSA. (pewtrusts.org)

An experiment was framed to study the variability, nature of gene action and number of genes controlling the characters in bacterial blight and blast resistance genes introgressed three backcross population in rice. (ijcmas.com)
Aromatic basmati rice is vulnerable to bacterial blight disease. (geneticsmr.org)
We identified bacterial blight resistance genes Xa4, xa5, Xa7, and xa13 in 52 basmati landraces and five basmati cultivars using PCR markers. (geneticsmr.org)
The use of landraces containing recessive genes xa5 and xa13 as donor parents in hybridization with cultivars Basmati-385 and Basmati-2000, which contain the genes Xa4 and Xa7, will expedite efforts to develop bacterial blight-resistant basmati rice cultivars through marker assisted selection, based on a pyramiding approach, without compromising aroma and grain quality. (geneticsmr.org)
Close inspection of plants showed that plants had symptoms of bacterial stem blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae and P. viridiflava. (usda.gov)
Resistance to bacterial stem blight was found in several older cultivars that have high winter survival traits. (usda.gov)
Because bacterial stem blight is linked to frost damage in alfalfa, developing resistance to the disease may have the added benefit of increasing frost tolerance in alfalfa. (usda.gov)

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction). (wikipedia.org)
Horizontal gene transfer is recognized as a pervasive evolutionary process that distributes genes between divergent prokaryotic lineages and can also involve eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Some Lepidoptera (e.g. monarch butterflies and silkworms) have been genetically modified by horizontal gene transfer from the wasp bracovirus. (wikipedia.org)
Aaron Richardson and Jeffrey D. Palmer state: "Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has played a major role in bacterial evolution and is fairly common in certain unicellular eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
There are several mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer: Transformation, the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the introduction, uptake and expression of foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA). (wikipedia.org)
Because of their physical and chemical characteristics, MPs represent an ideal substrate for microbial colonization and formation of biofilm, where horizontal gene transfer is facilitated. (mdpi.com)
In addition, we are interested in horizontal gene transfer-mediated spread of antimicrobial resistances. (epfl.ch)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) , also Lateral gene transfer (LGT) , is any process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another cell that is not its offspring. (wikidoc.org)
Most thinking in genetics has focused on the more prevalent vertical transfer, but there is a recent awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a significant phenomenon. (wikidoc.org)
Syvanen published a series of papers on horizontal gene transfer starting in 1984 [1] , predicting that lateral gene transfer exists, has biological significance, and is a process that shaped evolutionary history from the very beginning of life on earth. (wikidoc.org)
Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering . (wikidoc.org)
Analysis of DNA sequences suggests that horizontal gene transfer has also occurred within eukaryotes , from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genome to their nuclear genome. (wikidoc.org)

Ten landraces were found to have multiple resistance genes. (geneticsmr.org)
The researchers were able to target multiple resistance genes at once by including 2 spacers with DNA from 2 different antibiotic resistance genes. (nih.gov)

However, we were able to link the antimicrobial resistance gene burden in a sample with the relative abundance of several pathobionts - particularly Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis , and Enterococcus faecalis , as well as less-prevalent species including Providencia stuartii and Staphylococcus haemolyticus . (biorxiv.org)

The cargo of these elements includes genes for virulence factors or drug-resistance determinants. (medscape.com)
My research aims to identify and characterise novel virulence factors from human pathogens to further understand mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis. (exeter.ac.uk)
I also have an interest in whole genome sequencing of bacterial pathogens as an approach to identifying novel virulence factors. (exeter.ac.uk)

Although quinolone resistance is predominantly caused by chromosomal mutations, it may also result from a plasmid-encoded qnr -gene ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Bacterial conjugation is the fundamental process of unidirectional transfer of DNAs , often plasmid DNAs, from a donor cell to a recipient cell. (evolutionnews.org)
There appear to be other plasmid or chromosomal genes at play in plasmid exclusion that may be responsible for the slow development of antibiotic resistance in certain serovars. (frontiersin.org)
As the plasmid-associated genes were mobile, they are likely to continue disseminating among E. coli and facilitating transfer of associated Beta-lactamase genes in this region. (usda.gov)
This study showed that Beta-lactamase genes were prevalent in MDR E. coli from both humans and animals in Nigeria and also contained diverse plasmid replicons. (usda.gov)
The researchers engineered a strand of DNA, a plasmid which can specifically target the -resistance gene for gentamicin - a commonly used antibiotic. (miriamstoppard.com)
In laboratory experiments, the research found that the plasmid prevented its host cell from developing resistance. (miriamstoppard.com)

This tool, which could help reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance, is showing early promise. (miriamstoppard.com)
We hope one day it could be a way to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance in environments such as sewage treatment plants, which we know are breeding grounds for resistance," added Walker-Sunderhauf. (miriamstoppard.com)

Shigellosis is an acute enteric infection that is an important cause of domestically acquired and travel-associated bacterial diarrhea in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Further analysis revealed that a group of defense-related genes were highly induced after infection in the AtELP4 transgenic tomato plants compared to control plants. (isaaa.org)
What is a bacterial infection? (msdmanuals.com)
Skin Abscesses This photo shows infected, inflamed hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection in your skin. (msdmanuals.com)
How do you get a bacterial infection? (msdmanuals.com)
In order to decipher regulatory networks and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathoecology, we use experimental approaches that bridge the fields of bacterial genetics, infection biology, and microbial ecology. (epfl.ch)
While antimicrobial agents have confirmed a successful way against bacterial contamination and infection, their widespread use has produced a reservoir of antimicrobial agents and MDR microorganisms. (scielo.br)

While for thousand grain weight and single plant yield were explained complementary gene interactions in two backcross populations. (ijcmas.com)
Combined Analysis of Variation in Core, Accessory and Regulatory Genome Regions Provides a Super-Resolution View into the Evolution of Bacterial Populations. (cdc.gov)
It is the primary means by which antibiotic resistance genes spread among bacterial populations. (evolutionnews.org)
These bacterial populations are low when plants are less than 4 inches tall, which may be the reason early glyphosate application does not lead to disease. (usda.gov)

Using bacteriophage to deliver a CRISPR-Cas system against the gene, they saw a 20-fold reduction in viable E. coli cells. (nih.gov)
We use these simple bacterial and bacteriophage models because these systems can be defined in detail biochemically and investigated at a molecular level. (nih.gov)
In particular, we focus on the regulation of bacteriophage T4 genes whose products are involved in phage-host interactions and the regulation of gene expression by Bordetella pertussis , the causative agent of whooping cough, by Vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of cholera, and by an Adherent Invasive E. coli pathobiont, LF82, associated with Crohn's disease. (nih.gov)
citation needed] Transduction, the process in which bacterial DNA is moved from one bacterium to another by a virus (a bacteriophage, or phage). (wikipedia.org)

[ 25 ] Similarly, the emerging zoonotic pathogen, Streptococcus suis , whose major outbreak was reported in China, was shown to carry additional ICEs and transposons coding sequences associated with drug resistance. (medscape.com)
In this new study, researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, University of Toronto, Institut Pasteur, Sana'a University and their collaborators set out to uncover the reasons behind this growing drug resistance, analysing 260 epidemic V. cholerae DNA samples collected in Yemen between 2016 and 2019. (sanger.ac.uk)

The T4SS manufactures a pilus (thin, hairlike filament) through which proteins and genes can pass from one bacterium to another. (evolutionnews.org)
My research has focused on the post-translational modification of bacterial proteins and into the development of genetic tools for the manipulation of hazardous pathogens. (exeter.ac.uk)
The genes that code for these proteins in S. aureus are part of operons. (pewtrusts.org)

showed the ubiquitous presence of transposon Tn916 carrying inserted genes for resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, which were probably influential in the success of the clone. (medscape.com)

Genome sequencing has highlighted some promiscuous insertion sequences, transposons or ICEs that are present in many bacterial genera. (medscape.com)
Bacterial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of human pathogens has provided unprecedented insights into the evolution of antibiotic resistance. (nih.gov)
data are preliminary and based on broth microdilution susceptibility testing and/or presence of resistance genes and mutations found in whole genome sequences of bacterial DNA. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, the tomato genome contains single-copy genes encoding all six Elongator subunits ( SlELPs ), which share high similarities with the AtELP genes. (isaaa.org)

We argue that, while in E. coli the gradient of DNA thermodynamic stability and gene order along the origin-to-terminus axis represent major organizational features orchestrating temporal gene expression, the genomic sequence organization of Dickeya is more complex, demonstrating extended chromosomal domains of thermodynamically distinct DNA sequences eliciting specific transcriptional responses to various kinds of stress encountered during pathogenic growth. (mdpi.com)
B , rYeast cells carry a chromosomal inserted gene encoding therapeutic protein. (nature.com)

Most studies have focused on identification of resistance mutations, leaving one to speculate on the fate of these mutants once the antibiotic selective pressure is removed. (nih.gov)
In each of the four patients, colistin resistance evolved via mutations at the pmr locus. (nih.gov)
Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)

showed 100% resistance to erythromycin and high resistance rates (≥ 75%) to ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. (who.int)

Here we studied whether bacterial (dsDNA) virus encoded AMGs are enriched in organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contaminated soil in China and if viral AMGs include genes linked to OCP biodegradation. (nature.com)
Furthermore, the diversity and relative abundance of AMGs significantly increased along with the severity of pesticide contamination, and several biodegradation genes were identified bioinformatically in viral metagenomes. (nature.com)
Pneumonia Multiplex PCR (Viral/Bacterial/Resistance Gene). (cgh.com.sg)

The main objective of this study was to examine the presence of targeted antibiotic-resistance genes and changes in the diversity of microbial communities in soils a short time (3-5 months) and a long time (18 months) after the catastrophic flooding event. (cdc.gov)
Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to find that flooding may have affected bacterial community diversity, enhanced differences among bacterial lineages profiles, and affected the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Gemmatimonadetes. (cdc.gov)
Using metagenomics, we found that OCP-contaminated soils displayed a lower bacterial, but higher diversity of viruses that harbored a higher relative abundance of AMGs linked to pesticide degradation and metabolism. (nature.com)
This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and diversity of ARGs, and variation in the composition of bacterial communities in source water, drinking water treatment plants, and tap water in the Pearl River Delta region, South China. (relx.com)
We used bulk RNA-sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) to assess the diversity and expression levels of functionally active resistance genes in the microbiome of birds with aquatic behavior. (biorxiv.org)
Ducks, which feed by dabbling, carried a higher abundance and diversity of resistance genes than turnstones, avocets and penguins, that usually prey on more pristine waters. (biorxiv.org)

In this study, we analyzed a collection of bacterial resistance genes of tomato and their binding sites for tomato miRNAs and Pseudomonas syringe pv. (bvsalud.org)
Overexpression of AtELP3 and AtELP4 significantly enhanced resistance to tomato bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. (isaaa.org)

Impact of flooding on urban soils: changes in antibiotic resistance and bacterial community after Hurricane Harvey. (cdc.gov)

Scientists designed a way to target and destroy specific DNA sequences in microbes, thus removing harmful bacterial genes. (nih.gov)
The spacers provide immunity to future exposure by directing enzymes called nucleases-encoded by cas (CRISPR-associated) genes-to destroy those specific genetic sequences. (nih.gov)
The researchers reasoned that they could modify the spacers to target specific genetic sequences associated with bacterial virulence or antibiotic resistance. (nih.gov)
The Exeter team harnessed the CRISPR-Cas gene editing system, which can target specific sequences of DNA and cuts them out when they're formed, letting natural DNA repair take over. (miriamstoppard.com)

The MISSION ® pLKO.1-puro Non-Target shRNA Control Transduction Particles contain an shRNA insert that does not target any known genes from any species, making it useful as a negative control in experiments using the MISSION ® shRNA library clones. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Furthermore, we used metagenomic assembly and binning to demonstrate that these species had higher genomic resistance gene levels than common gut commensals, and we were able to predict antimicrobial resistance gene burden from the relative abundances of these species in a separate, larger cohort from the same population. (biorxiv.org)
Plant transformation is a technique that allows us to transfer genes from one species to another in order to introduce new characteristics into the recipient. (intechopen.com)
There are now many established gene-transfer methods, both direct and indirect, for the stable introduction of novel genes into plant species. (intechopen.com)
when one bacterial cell acquires resistance, it can quickly transfer the resistance genes to many species. (wikidoc.org)
Immune system differences can determine which bacterial species are eliminated and which are invited to stick around. (madinamerica.com)

[ 17 ] The analysis also showed that, as the clone spread globally and encountered new selective pressures, there were multiple independent acquisitions of macrolide resistance genes, again inserted into Tn916. (medscape.com)

We studied the perturbation of antibiotic-resistance profiles and microbial communities in soils following a major flooding event in Houston, Texas, caused by Hurricane Harvey. (cdc.gov)

Functional assays were conducted to experimentally demonstrate that virus-encoded L-2-haloacid dehalogenase gene (L-DEX) is responsible for the degradation of L-2-haloacid pesticide precursors, improving bacterial growth at sub-inhibitory pesticide concentrations. (nature.com)

Cellular mechanisms of bacterial clearance/ antibiotic resistance breakers. (warwick.ac.uk)

Ampicillin and puromycin antibiotic resistance genes provide selection in bacterial or mammalian cells respectively. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Bacterial conjugation , a process in which a living bacterial cell transfers genetic material through cell-to-cell contact. (wikidoc.org)

In the mid-1980s, Syvanen postulated that biologically significant lateral gene transfer has existed since the beginning of life on Earth and has been involved in shaping all of evolutionary history. (wikipedia.org)
Michael Syvanen was among the earliest biologists to explore the potential significance of lateral gene transfer. (wikidoc.org)

as this technology continues to develop, assembly could prove to be a valuable method to monitor both specific resistance genes and blooms of multidrug-resistant organisms. (biorxiv.org)

The epidemiology of integron-mediated antibiotic-resistant genes in clinical enterobacteria from a single location was investigated. (nih.gov)
For amplicons sequenced, one or two antibiotic-resistant genes were found in various combinations, and were always expressed at the phenotypic level. (nih.gov)
Ecological factors may also play a role in the HGT of antibiotic resistant genes. (wikipedia.org)
TB388 trade name] is indicated in combination with other tuberculosis medicines for the treatment of drug- resistant tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis when an effective treatment regimen cannot otherwise be composed for reasons of resistance or tolerability (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). (who.int)
and these situations result in acquisition of resistant genes. (degruyter.com)
Background The issue of antimicrobial resistance continues to grow worldwide, and long-term care facilities are significant reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant organisms, in part due to high frequency of antimicrobial use. (biorxiv.org)
Two thriving areas of study, -bacterial resistance and gene editing, come together successfully in an Exeter University project using a new gene editing tool to "edit out" the resistant part of a resistant bug. (miriamstoppard.com)

Synonymous sites for accessibility around microRNA binding sites in bacterial spot and speck disease resistance genes of tomato. (bvsalud.org)
Our study found that two genes, bacterial spot disease resistance gene (Bs4) and bacterial speck disease resistance gene (Prf), have a 7mer-m8 perfect seed match with miRNAs . (bvsalud.org)

Panicle length in two crosses and thousand grain weight and single plant yield in one cross was showed duplicate gene interaction suggests that selection would be effective to gain higher genetic advance than expected. (ijcmas.com)
Sequence element enrichment analysis to determine the genetic basis of bacterial phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
The genes conferring resistance are being mapped and resistance is being transferred into several genetic backgrounds by traditional plant breeding methods. (usda.gov)

Statistical tests show a significant correlation between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance in S. aureus . (hindawi.com)
This study revealed that there is a significant correlation between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance in S. aureus isolated from raw milk. (hindawi.com)

Taken together, these results demonstrate that virus-encoded AMGs are linked to bacterial metabolism and biodegradation, being more abundant and diverse in soils contaminated with pesticides. (nature.com)

Additional tests such as coagulase were done, and the identification was confirmed by the detection of the aroA gene. (hindawi.com)

On face value, these results supported an in vivo fitness cost preventing the evolution of stable colistin resistance. (nih.gov)
HGT is influencing scientific understanding of higher order evolution while more significantly shifting perspectives on bacterial evolution. (wikipedia.org)
2005) observe, "additional evidence suggests that gene transfer might also be an important evolutionary mechanism in protist evolution. (wikipedia.org)

The team used a CRISPR-Cas system to successfully target antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli . (nih.gov)

This study emphasizes the important contribution of integrons to aminoglycoside resistance within enterobacteria from a clinical setting. (nih.gov)

Is the Subject Area "Bacterial genomics" applicable to this article? (plos.org)

However, more careful analysis of WGS data identified genomic evidence for stable colistin resistance undetected by clinical microbiological assays. (nih.gov)

As emerging contaminants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a public concern. (relx.com)
The persistent toxic contaminants impose widespread pressure in both clinical and environmental setting, and may potentially cause the maintenance and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). (degruyter.com)
while other co-regulatory mechanisms are also involved with cross-resistance that regulates multiple ARGs. (degruyter.com)
The role of microplastics (MPs) in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is increasingly attracting global research attention due to their unique ecological and environmental effects. (mdpi.com)

Based on PCR amplification and sequencing, the phylogeny of tetM on Tn916 from separate studies in enterococci [ 29 , 30 ] and staphylococci [ 31 ] indicated that tetM could be transferred across bacterial genera by conjugative transposons. (medscape.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms54

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes84

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Information Science4

Health Care5

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes6

Bacteria34

Antibiotics24

Genomes5

Isolates13

Plasmids9

Strains6

Infections7

Blight7

Horizontal gene tra12

Multiple resistance genes2

Escherichia1

Virulence factors3

Plasmid7

Spread of antimicrobial2

Infection8

Populations4

Bacteriophage4

Drug resistance2

Proteins3

Tetracycline and chloramphenicol1

Genome4

Chromosomal2

Mutations3

Chloramphenicol1

Viral3

Diversity6

Pseudomonas2

Changes in antibiotic1

Sequences4

Species6

Macrolide resistance1

Microbial communities1

Degradation1

Mechanisms of bacterial1

Ampicillin1

Conjugation1

Lateral gene tra2

Multidrug resistant1

Resistant7

Speck2

Genetic3

Biofilm2

Metabolism1

Detection1

Evolution3

Coli1

Integrons1

Genomics1

Genomic1

ARGs4

Genera1