• Hexokinase (HXK) is the only plant enzyme that phosphorylates glucose (Glc), so it is key to fueling several metabolic pathways depending on their substrate specificity, metabolite regulatory responses and subcellular localization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These studies have revealed that 14-3-3 proteins can interact with the phosphorylated forms of their client proteins in response to certain signals, and that this binding finalizes the signaling event by enabling a change in the subcellular localization, protein stability or intrinsic enzymatic activity of the client, or by promoting an association between the client and other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • The goal of this study was to examine the nature and expression pattern of the protein product(s) of the Thap1 transcription factor ( DYT6 gene) in mouse neurons, and to study the regional and developmental distribution, and subcellular localization of Thap1 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It really is plausible which the subcellular localization of CAPN3 determines its particular mobile function, which mutations make a difference some of those features straight or indirectly (1). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • In a separate experiment, 2,4-diene VPA-NACA was observed to alkylate reduced oxytocin through one or both cysteine residues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We mutated two cysteine residues revised by palmitoylation (C164S/C165S) and indicated this palmitoylation-dead (PD) NMNAT2 protein in main sensory neurons. (cyberdakwah.net)
  • In this study, GST activities were detected in the hepatic cytosolic and sonic-disrupted mitoplast fractions isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats by using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as a substrate. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Quantitatively, GSH conjugates formed in the cytosolic fraction were 23-fold that of control. (aspetjournals.org)
  • An additional 1.5-fold enhancement was observed in the cytosolic fraction from PB-treated rats. (aspetjournals.org)
  • HXK activity was detected in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions and high Glc and Fru phosphorylating activities were found in imbibed embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • subcellular fractionation using the Nuclear/Cytosol Fractionation package (BioVision, Inc. CA). The markers, source recognition complicated subunit 1 (ORC1) and -tubulin, had been utilized to verify the purity and identification from the nuclear and cytosolic fractions, respectively. (stemcellethics.net)
  • citation needed] VMAT gene sequence analysis demonstrates that four aspartic acid residues in the middle region of TMDs I, VI, X, and XI and one lysine residue in TMD II have highly conserved gene sequences, suggesting these residues play a critical role in transporter structure and function. (wikipedia.org)
  • the MAP2Ks MKK4/7 stretches protein stability of the axon maintenance factors NMNAT2 and SCG10, we hypothesized that small molecules inhibiting DLK activity would similarly boost axonal levels of these proteins. (cyberdakwah.net)
  • Additional protein domains found at their C termini have been used to classify TRIM proteins into subfamilies. (elifesciences.org)
  • Exchange of 13C enriched TCA cycle intermediates with the NMR-observed glutamate pool in the cytosol is achieved by the coordinated activity of two types forex autopilot robot carrier proteins that span the mitochondrial membrane.Li, Y. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • In fundamental cell biological processes such as signal transduction, enzymatic activity or intracellular fusion during vesicular transport, a large number of proteins are recruited to and released from the cytoplasmic surface of intracellular membranes (Casey et al. (biologists.com)
  • In terms of pathogenesis, several research have found HCMV, HHV 6, and HHV 7 genomes or proteins in can cerous cells or tissues. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
  • Gel filtration chromatography of 'P' tissue in Sephacryl S-300 shows that the reactivated activity is associated with proteins of about 100-kDa mass which include S-NTE and an, as yet, unknown number of other PVases. (inrae.fr)
  • Examples include finding proteins indicating cardiac problems or looking for circulating tumour cells that can indicate the spread of cancer. (50webs.com)
  • One approach tries to identify motifs recognized by the sorting proteins and receptors of the protein transport machinery to move protein products from the cytosol to other subcellular locations [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequently, these apparent GST activities were examined for their effects on the in vivo conjugation of GSH with N-acetyl-S-((E)-2-propyl-2,4-pentadienoyl)cysteamine (2,4-diene VPA-NACA), a structural mimic of (E)-2,4-diene VPA coenzyme A thioester. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • These potential effects on channel gating and subcellular distribution in vivo may bias neurons toward hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • To better define the residues which participate in tetramer stabilization, the in vivo interaction of the BChE C-terminus 46 residue peptide was quantitated for wild type and mutant BChE using the yeast two-hybrid system. (inrae.fr)
  • Here, we analyzed the protein levels, activity and role of Rsk in in vivo and in vitro HD models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on subcellular fractionation, a majority of wild-type (WT) NMNAT2 distributes with the membrane portion, while a smaller pool is definitely soluble, consistent with findings in brain components and cell lines (19) (Fig. 3and checks, where ** (cyberdakwah.net)
  • Fractionation experiments uncovered a significant loss of R448H in the myofibrillar fraction, most likely because of the mutant's incapability to bind titin. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Studies indicate that the amino acid residue His419, located on the domain between TMDs X and XI of rat VMAT1, plays a role in energy coupling to the amine transport by assisting the first proton-dependent conformational change. (wikipedia.org)
  • From the six HXKs analyzed here, only ZmHXK9 has minimal hexose phosphorylating activity even though enzymatic function of all isoforms (ZmHXK4-9) was confirmed using a yeast complementation approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Introduction of an additional myristoylation site at the N-terminus of NOS2 resulted in a chimera that displayed an enhanced association with the particulate fraction and with the plasma membrane but did not display increased enzymatic activity. (biologists.com)
  • A novel is revealed by These research system where mutations that extra enzymatic activity may still result in calpainopathy. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • In the absence of palmitoylation, introduction of a surrogate myristoylation site resulted in a mutant NOS2 with only 25% activity compared with the wild-type enzyme. (biologists.com)
  • This decrease in PDE11A4 is specific to the membrane compartment of the VHIPP, as it occurs neither in the soluble nor nuclear fractions of the VHIPP nor in any compartment of the dorsal HIPP. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using a recombinant endonuclease-deficient Cas9-based gene promoter pulldown approach coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that MCUb is upregulated in the T2D heart due to loss of glucose homeostasis regulator nuclear receptor corepressor 2 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α as a mediator of MCUb gene expression in T2D cardiomyocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • One nitrated tyrosine residue (Y29) was identified in Histone H2B in the MS/MS spectrum. (omicsdi.org)
  • The biological significance of the caleosin in the reproductive process in species possessing lipid-storing pollen might depend on its subcellular emplacement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
  • Soluble extracts of chicken peripheral nerve contain detectable amounts of phenyl valerate esterase (PVase) activity (about 2000 nmol/min per g of fresh tissue). (inrae.fr)
  • Interestingly, we found that isolation-induced decreases in membrane PDE11A4 correlated with increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the soluble fraction, suggesting pro-inflammatory signaling for this cytokine. (frontiersin.org)
  • More than 95% of this activity is inhibited in assays where substrate has been added to a preincubated mixture of tissue with the non-neuropathic organophosphorus compound (OP) paraoxon (O,O'-diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate): residual activity includes soluble neuropathy target esterase (S-NTE) which, by definition, is considered resistant to long-term progressive (covalent) inhibition by paraoxon. (inrae.fr)
  • We now show that, surprisingly, removal of paraoxon by ultrafiltration ('P' tissue) in order to avoid such an interference results in the reappearance of about 65% of total original soluble PVase activity which is inhibited in the presence of this OP. Although a purely reversible non-progressive inhibition might be suspected, kinetic analysis data show a time-progressive inhibition which suggests that such PVase(s) covalently bind paraoxon. (inrae.fr)
  • The activity of the p53 gene product is regulated by a plethora of posttranslational modifications. (rupress.org)
  • Therefore, the dramatic changes of sugar type and concentration during the germination process undoubtedly regulates the enzyme activity and the pattern of gene expression of several enzymes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • You can find over 440 noted mutations within the calpain 3 gene up to now, included in this 212 (50%) are missense mutations, a lot of which alter its catalytic activity (22). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)
  • Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox function significantly reduced NFĸB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA and survivin protein levels. (oncotarget.com)
  • The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
  • RESULTS: A combined kinetic assay was developed in conditions to optimally measure FAP as well as PREP activity with Z-Gly-Pro-AMC as substrate. (inra.fr)
  • Only the 1,6- addition product was found for the spontaneous conjugation reaction (control). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)
  • Now, eight transporters were found to control the uptake and efflux of calcium. (mdpi.com)
  • Here we show by mass spectrometric analyses of enriched insoluble protein fractions that, unexpectedly, nucleus-encoded transporters are not inserted into the chromatophore inner envelope membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • The most comprehensive collection of chemical and biological modi- fications being relevant to mass spectrometry can be found in UniMod [12]. (lu.se)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of DPP8/DPP9 protease activity was shown to induce pyroptosis in murine C57BL/6 macrophages without eliciting other inflammasome hallmark responses. (inra.fr)
  • This results in inhibition of NFκB activity and the NFκB-dependent expression of anti-apoptotic genes of the Bcl-2 family [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AEG was found to enhance glycogen synthesis through the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. (wiley.com)
  • Finally, pharmacological inhibition of Rsk, knock-down and overexpression experiments indicated that Rsk activity exerts a protective effect against mhtt-induced cell death in STHdh Q7/Q7 cells transfected with mhtt. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Elevating the activity of mPFC pyramidal neurons with a CaMKII-driven Gq-DREADD (Gq-coupled designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) led to the significant increase of NR2B subunit phosphorylation and the restoration of NMDAR function, as well as the amelioration of cognitive and social impairments in 16p11 +/− mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Elevating the activity of PFC pyramidal neurons with a chemogenetic tool, Gq-DREADD, led to the restoration of NMDA receptor function and the amelioration of cognitive and social impairments in 16p11 +/− mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • To test the relevance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptotic processes, we here employed a genetically well-defined system of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of any ADF/cofilin activity and challenged these cells with well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
  • 4-Nitrophenol and the alkyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, are major metabolites that are frequently found in biological fluids and tissues following exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Short-term activation of protein kinase C by 5 min exposure to PMA caused an acute increase in Na/H antiporter activity that was not prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D and did not persist 24 h later. (jci.org)
  • Long-term activation of protein kinase C by 2 h exposure to PMA caused a dose-dependent increase in Na/H antiporter activity 24 h later. (jci.org)
  • In this study we explored the relationship between residue exposure and protein subcellular location. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We developed a new algorithm for subcellular location prediction that uses residue exposure signatures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is important for bacteria to find food (for example, glucose ) by swimming towards the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (for example, phenol ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Upregulation of MCUb limits mitochondrial matrix Ca 2+ uptake and impairs mitochondrial energy production via glucose oxidation by depressing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Dose-dependent increase in glucose uptake activity (GUA) was observed in both cell lines. (wiley.com)
  • Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
  • 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
  • Hence, the novel surrogate myristoyl moiety not only failed to increase NOS2 activity when introduced in a wild-type sequence environment, but was also unable to rescue the inactive phenotype of the Cys3Ser mutant. (biologists.com)
  • Introduction of an additional palmitoylatable Cys at position 2 of the wild-type sequence resulted in a chimera that associated to a larger degree with membranes and displayed decreased activity. (biologists.com)
  • However, only 11.7% of the interaction seen with the wild type peptide was observed with the mutant in which seven conserved aromatic residues (Trp 543, Phe 547, Trp 550, Tyr 553, Trp 557, Phe 561, and Tyr 564) had been altered to alanines (aromatics off mutant). (inrae.fr)
  • Knock-in striatal cells expressing full-length mutant huntingtin (mhtt) (STHdh Q111/Q111 ) show increased levels of active PDK1 [ 17 ] and reduced levels of ERK1/2 activity [ 18 ] compared with striatal cells expressing wild-type htt (STHdh Q7/Q7 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, we found that elevated Rsk activity in STHdh Q111/Q111 cells was mainly due to PDK1 activity, as assessed by transfection with Rsk mutant constructs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considering the biochemical characteristics, location and the expression of ZmHXK4 at onset of germination, we suggest that it is the main contributor to mitochondrial activity at early germination times, at 24 h other ZmHXKs also contribute to the total activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, a growing body of evidence points toward localisation and activity of mammalian Dicer in the nucleus. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In summary, our work demonstrates that in mammalian cells ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for efficient induction of apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Screening of a collection of 450 compounds as inhibitors revealed a structure-activity relationship that mimics in part that of mammalian DPP9. (inra.fr)
  • Sperm intracellular cAMP levels depend on the activity of adenylyl cyclases, mostly SACY, though transmembrane-containing adenylyl cyclases are also present, and on the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) whose role is to degrade cAMP into 5'-AMP. (plos.org)
  • METHODS: FAP and PREP activities were measured in human EDTA-plasma in presence of well characterized PREP and FAP inhibitors. (inra.fr)
  • Interestingly, the TMN was found to be able to efficiently distinguish and visualize the co-elution, in-source fragmentations and multi-type adduct ions in a clustering network. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interestingly, previous data from a HD cellular model show a de-regulation of both kinases that control Rsk activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • VMAT1 may be found in neuroendocrine cells, particularly chromaffin and enterochromaffin granules, which are primarily found in the medulla of the adrenal glands. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 1960s and 1970s, the revolution of modern cell biology and biochemistry provided a series of novel techniques which became available to investigate the migratory responder cells and subcellular fractions responsible for chemotactic activity. (wikidoc.org)
  • To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • PREP (but not FAP) activity can increase upon lysis of platelets and red blood cells during sample preparation. (inra.fr)
  • This latter effect may mediate increased Na/H antiporter activity in a number of chronic conditions. (jci.org)
  • Previously, we showed that chronic social isolation changes subsequent social behaviors in adult mice by reducing expression of PDE11A4 in the membrane fraction of the ventral hippocampus (VHIPP). (frontiersin.org)
  • While in the cytosol, ZmHXK7 could be responsible for the activity at the onset of germination, although later, ZmHXK8 also contributes to the total HXK activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found RCC tissues displayed significantly higher miR-34a expression level than their corresponding noncancerous tissues, particularly in chromophobic subtype. (hindawi.com)
  • Also a time-dependent recovery due to spontaneous reactivation of the PVase activity was observed after dilution of the inhibitor. (inrae.fr)
  • In this study, we have found that both male and female 16p11 +/− mice exhibit deficient NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region critical for high-level "executive" functions. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this way, it finds the location with the highest concentration of attractant (usually the source) quite well. (wikidoc.org)
  • Find a doctor by specialty or location. (mcw.edu)
  • They are classified according to their dependence on certain divalent metal ions for phosphatase activity and Cn is uniquely dependent upon Ca 2+ . (pancreapedia.org)
  • In conclusion, short-term activation of protein kinase C leads to a transient increase in Na/H antiporter activity that is independent of transcription and translation, whereas long-term activation of protein kinase C causes a persistent increase in antiporter activity that is dependent on transcription and translation and is associated with increased mRNANa/H abundance. (jci.org)
  • Our data suggest that all three synucleins affect synapse function, but only αSyn mediates the downstream function of vesicle clustering and SNARE-complex assembly, while βSyn and γSyn modulate the activity of αSyn through regulating its binding to synaptic vesicles. (biorxiv.org)
  • Then the data of 12 fractions derived from YPF were deconvoluted and aligned as a whole data file by hand-in-hand alignment, resulting in a 49.2% reduction in component overlapping (from 17951 to 9112 ions) and an improvement in the MS2 spectrum quality of precursor ions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Given these limitations, it is remarkable that bacteria can direct their motion to find favorable locations with high concentrations of attractants (usually food) and avoid repellents (usually poisons). (wikidoc.org)
  • The increase of Rsk levels and activity would act as a compensatory mechanism with capacity to prevent mhtt-mediated cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Calpain 3 provides 54 and 51% series homology towards the 80 kDa subunits of - and m-calpains, respectively, and stocks similar properties with one of these ubiquitously portrayed calpains such as for example Ca2+- reliant activation and maximal activity at natural pH (1). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Autoimmune antiidiotype-like antibody (Ab2) directed against anti-HIV-1gp120 (Ab1) was found in high titer in the sera of 10 consecutive homosexual and 11 narcotic addict HIV-1-related immunologic thrombocytopenia (HIV-1-ITP) patients, was barely detectable in 10 nonthrombocytopenic HIV-1 sero-positive individuals, and was not detectable in 5 normal subjects by use of a solid-phase RIA. (jci.org)
  • Here we define the precise Rab29 binding region of the LRRK2 Armadillo domain between residues 360-450 and show that this domain, termed 'Site #1', can also bind additional LRRK2 substrates, Rab8A and Rab10. (stanford.edu)
  • In silico models show Vpu to form pentamers with an ion channel activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
  • Our laboratory has shown that up to 40 carboxy terminal residues of each subunit contribute to the stabilization of tetramers (R.M. Blong, E. Bedows, O. Lockridge, The tetramerization domain of butyrylcholinesterase is at the carboxy-terminus, Biochem. (inrae.fr)
  • We found that knockdown of Bonus in early oogenesis results in severe defects in ovarian development and in ectopic expression of genes that are normally repressed in the germline, demonstrating its essential function in the ovary. (elifesciences.org)
  • These results suggest that NMDAR hypofunction in PFC may contribute to the pathophysiology of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome and that restoring PFC activity is sufficient to rescue the behavioral deficits. (jneurosci.org)
  • To elucidate the general importance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptosis, we exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient for n-cofilin, ADF (actin depolymerizing factor), or all ADF/cofilin isoforms to well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
  • Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. (mdpi.com)