• These organic residues can be composed of lipids, proteins, starches and sugars. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the complexities of organic residues, they can be defined at five nested scales: tissues, cells, macromolecules (e.g. lipids, proteins, metabolites, DNA and starches), molecules (e.g. fatty and amino acids) and atoms (e.g. carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen). (wikipedia.org)
  • The functional amino acid residues in these proteins have been previously identified using in vitro and in silico experimentation in different biomineralization systems. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, the ferredoxin used and the identity of the variable motif residue in these proteins affects the functionality of the monooxygenase system and has a significant influence on the redox properties of the ferredoxins. (rsc.org)
  • Cysteines are one of the most rarely used amino acids, but when conserved in proteins they often play critical roles in structure, function, or regulation. (hindawi.com)
  • Cysteine is the most important redox-responsive amino acid within proteins largely due to the wide range of oxidation states that sulfur can occupy-so called, "sulfur switches" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Possible reactions of acrylamide and glycidamide with other amino acids suggest that urinary proteins may be affected in acrylamide exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we set out to identify amino acid residues responsible for glucosinolate transport activity of the main seed glucosinolate exporter UMAMIT29 in Arabidopsis thaliana . (frontiersin.org)
  • We expressed chitinase-1 (TBC-1) from tulip bulbs (Tulipa bakeri) in E. coli cells and used site-directed mutagenesis to identify amino acid residues essential for catalytic activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The substituted-cysteine accessibility method (SCAM) was applied to transmembrane span seven of the human A 1 adenosine receptor (hA 1 AR) to reveal a subset of amino acids that are exposed to the ligand-binding crevice. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The SCAM approach involved a systematic probe of receptor structure by individual substitutions of residues K265 (7.30) to R296 (7.61) with cysteine. (aspetjournals.org)
  • And conserved cysteine residues discovered inside the Crustins. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • indicate the 12 conserved cysteine residues located in the Crustins, like the WAP line. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Triangles indicate the 12 conserved cysteine residues discovered within the Crustins, which includes the WAP domain.The deduced amino acid sequences of Al-crus three and Al-crus 7 had been compared with the deduced amino acid sequences of Al-crus and Al-crus sequence was Crustin those of other close Crustins (Figure 1). (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Drugs 2021, 19,four ofcysteine residues within the WAP domain and 12 cysteine residues within the C-terminal region. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Among the 12 conserved cysteine residues, there have been 3 amino acids between the very first two cysteine residues (Cys1 ys2 ), a sequence of 16 or 17 amino acids involving Cys4 ys5 , plus a sequence of 82 residues between Cys6 ys7 (Figure 1). (hivinhibitor.com)
  • In addition, mutations of any of the cysteine residues of EGF in PE(ΔIa)-EGF mutants resulted in the loss of their binding activity to EGF receptor and a corresponding loss of their cytotoxicity. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Rather than a cysteine residue, which is highly conserved in [4Fe-4S] clusters, or alanine or glycine residues, which are common in [3Fe-4S] ferredoxins, these genes encode at this position histidine, asparagine, tyrosine, serine, threonine or phenylalanine. (rsc.org)
  • Moreover, single amino acid substitutions at Asp123, Glu124, or Glu125 in the C-terminal region of Mms6 clearly indicated that these amino acid residues had a direct impact on magnetite crystal morphology. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It can be very misleading to simply assume that conservative amino acid substitutions cause small changes in stability, whereas large stability changes are associated with nonconservative replacements. (rcsb.org)
  • in December 2006, UniMod lists 495 modifications including 144 amino acid substitutions [6]. (lu.se)
  • Amino acid substitutions annotated to affect protein activity were collected from the Protein Mutant Database (PMD). (lu.se)
  • The Complementarity Between Protein-Specific and General Pathogenicity Predictors for Amino Acid Substitutions. (lu.se)
  • Disease-associated single amino acid substitutions. (lu.se)
  • To study structure-function relationships, a series of repA deletion mutants and mutations yielding single amino acid exchanges were constructed and the respective gene products were analyzed in vivo and in vitro. (mpg.de)
  • Therefore, mutations in six conserved amino acid residues of H. pylori Fur were constructed and analyzed for their impact on both iron-bound and apo repression. (usuhs.edu)
  • Activity changed with the mutations of Trp-251 to one of several amino acids with side-chains of little hydrophobicity, suggesting that hydrophobic interaction of Trp-251 is important for the activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This arises due to the non-ribosomal, enzymatic, synthesis of these peptides in which certain domains within this multi-domain enzyme system have the ability to incorporate more than one kind of aromatic amino acid. (sun.ac.za)
  • The preceding report shows that deletions within the intracellular linker between domains III and IV remove inactivation, but mutation of conserved basic and paired acidic amino acids has little effect. (xenbase.org)
  • In this study, we have demonstrated a defect in the specific region or substituted acidic amino acid residues in the Mms6 protein for observing their effect on magnetite biomineralization in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, these consecutive acidic amino acid residues were found to be core residues regulating magnetite crystal morphology. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Acidic amino acid residues Asp32, Glu251, and Asp367 in the transmembrane region of NorM are conserved in one of the clusters of the MATE family. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the role(s) of acidic amino acid residues Asp32, Glu251, and Asp367 in the transmembrane region of NorM by site-directed mutagenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Liu, X , Singh, BB & Ambudkar, IS 2003, ' TRPC1 is required for functional store-operated Ca 2+ channels: Role of acidic amino acid residues in the S5-S6 region ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 278, no. 13, pp. 11337-11343. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Based on a predicted model of UMAMIT29, we propose that the substrate transporting cavity consists of 51 residues, of which four are highly conserved residues across all the analyzed homologs of UMAMIT29. (frontiersin.org)
  • We hypothesised that the transport cavity contains highly conserved residues that are key for the transport activity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cys116, Lys240 * , and Asp241 * (asterisks indicate residues from the second subunit of the active dimer) at the active site of L-methionine γ-lyase of Pseudomonas putida (MGL-Pp) are highly conserved among heterologous MGLs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Waxes are simple esters of long-chain carboxylic acids and alcohols, fats and oils have a more complex structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each triglyceride contains three long-chain carboxylic acids attached to a triester of 1,2,3-propantriol (glycerin). (wikipedia.org)
  • This study aims to make use of the variability seen for incorporation of different aromatic amino acid residues, specifically of phenylalanine and tryptophan, to determine if non-natural derivatives of these amino acids can be incorporated, to biosynthesize novel tyrocidine, tryptocidine and phenycidine analogues (collectively termed the Trcs), with unique structureactivity relationships. (sun.ac.za)
  • In addition, we designed and screened a panel of gomesin analogues with amino acid modifications that were predicted to influence cell viability. (nature.com)
  • To test this, we aligned 97 protein sequences consisting of homologs of UMAMIT clade I from 27 plant species and created sequence logos containing the 51 residues identified in the structural analysis ( Supplementary Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These data are consistent with the high-resolution structure of bovine rhodopsin that features three α-helical turns in this region that are interrupted by an elongated, nonhelical structure from positions 7.43 to 7.48 in the primary amino acid sequence. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Result: This manuscript describes a method SAMbinder, developed for predicting SAM interacting residue in a protein from its primary sequence. (edu.in)
  • B) Amino acid sequence alignments. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • QIV66989), having a Crustin from of other close nipponense (NCBI GenBank accession closest sequence was similarfrom 63 in the amino acid level. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Huntington disease results from a mutation in the huntingtin ( HTT ) gene (on chromosome 4), causing abnormal repetition of the DNA sequence CAG, which codes for the amino acid glutamine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1992), A cluster of hydrophobic amino acid residues re. (xenbase.org)
  • A cluster of hydrophobic amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation. (xenbase.org)
  • Here we show that substitution of glutamine for three clustered hydrophobic amino acids, Ile-1488, Phe-1489, and Met-1490, completely removes fast inactivation. (xenbase.org)
  • For this reason, we prepared eight derivatives of lignite humic acids using either water-soluble N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) or water-insoluble N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) under various conditions. (researchgate.net)
  • When each of the 11 residues of UMAMIT29 was individually mutated into the corresponding residue in UMAMIT32, five mutant variants (UMAMIT29#V27F, UMAMIT29#M86V, UMAMIT29#L109V, UMAMIT29#Q263S, and UMAMIT29#T267Y) reduced glucosinolate transport activity over 75% compared to wild-type UMAMIT29. (frontiersin.org)
  • Transport activity assays of mutant variants with a single point amino acid substitution in each site UMAMIT29 suggest that five of these residues are critical for glucosinolate transport. (frontiersin.org)
  • Functional analyses of RepA variants with single amino acid exchanges confirmed most of the predictions that were based on the published 3-dimensional structure. (mpg.de)
  • 21946 single amino acid variants that have been structurally characterized. (lu.se)
  • Coevolutionary analysis reveals a distal amino acid residue pair affecting the catalytic activity of GH5 processive endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis BS-5. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the K51T/L93T mutation altered the spatial conformation at the active site cleft, enhancing the interaction frequency between active site residues and substrate, and improving catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Residue H178 of motif H3 couples nucleotide consumption to DNA strand separation. (mpg.de)
  • Because positively charged residues in NT-3 are important for binding to trkB, two negatively charged aspartate residues within the 11 amino acid motif of FL trkB were mutated to examine the role of electrostatic interactions on ligand binding. (jneurosci.org)
  • Glycosylation sites, modified residues and lipid moiety-binding regions. (ucsc.edu)
  • Amino acid residues 220-231 of the wild-type ApoA-I are required for lipid efflux in vitro and high density lipoprotein formation in vivo. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the present study, we investigated whether a non-pathogenic H9N2 virus, A/chicken/Yokohama/aq-55/2001 (Y55) (H9N2), acquires pathogenicity in chickens when a pair of di-basic amino acid residues is introduced at the cleavage site of its HA molecule. (biomedcentral.com)
  • rgY55sub (H9N2), which had four basic amino acid residues at the HA cleavage site, replicated in MDCK cells in the absence of trypsin after six consecutive passages in the air sacs of chicks, and acquired intravenous pathogenicity to chicken after four additional passages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, an avirulent H5N1 strain, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/2004 (Vac1) (H5N1), acquired intranasal pathogenicity after a pair of di-basic amino acid residues was introduced into the cleavage site of the HA, followed by two passages by air sac inoculation in chicks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on our model, we proposed a substrate-transporting cavity of UMAMIT29 defined by helix I to IV and VI-IX and selected 51 residues as putative substrate binding sites based on solvent accessibility ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The C116H mutant acquired a novel β-elimination activity and lead a drastic conformation change in the histidine residue at position 116 by binding the substrate, suggesting that this His residue affects the reaction specificity of C116H. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The interaction site of FcRn on the Fc region of rodent IgG has been mapped to residues at the CH2-CH3 domain interface using site-directed mutagenesis and x-ray crystallographic analyses. (soton.ac.uk)
  • We have examined the effect of overexpression of full-length TRPC1, depletion of endogenous TRPC1, and expression of TRPC1 in which the proposed pore region (S5-S6, amino acids (aa) 557-620) was deleted or modified by site-directed mutagenesis on thapsigargin- and carbachol-stimulated SOCC activity in HSG cells. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Also, in response to suggestions that the charged residues Lys85 and Asp89, which are 5-8 A away, may have important effects, each of these amino acids was replaced with alanine. (rcsb.org)
  • Reversible modification of cysteines such as disulfide bond formation, glutathionylation, and nitrosylation may also be a means of protection from further, generally irreversible, modifications to sulfinic (-SO 2 H) or sulfonic (-SO 3 H) acids [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The putative gene-products RhlAPch (297 amino-acid residues or a.a. (usda.gov)
  • The current studies provided some perspectives on the effects of distal residue substitution, which might assist in the engineering of processive endoglucanase or other glycoside hydrolases . (bvsalud.org)
  • We assumed that substitution of Cys116 for His broke the original hydrogen-bond network and that this induced a significant effect of Tyr114 as a general acid catalyst, possibly due to the narrow space in the active site. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It reflects the relative molecular mass or aromatic condensation degree of humic acid. (researchgate.net)
  • subsequently, four residue pairs were selected as evolutionary mutational hotspots. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, Al-crus three and Al-crus 7 shared around 51 amino acid sequences. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Role of amino acid sequences flanking dibasic cleavage sites in precursor proteolytic processing. (canada.ca)
  • Two recently published human COMT cDNA sequences differed in the position of S-COMT amino acid 108, the residue being either Val-108 [Lundstrom et al. (lu.se)
  • The entire thyroglobulin molecule contains about 5000 amino acids, and it provides the conformation required for tyrosyl coupling and iodide organification necessary for the formation of diamino acid thyroid hormones. (medscape.com)
  • Alternative splicing of the avian trkB receptor generates an extracellular deletion (ED) isoform missing 11 amino acids from the neurotrophin-binding domain of the full-length (FL) receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • In previous A(H5N1) outbreaks and zoonosis the NA stalk region often had deletions (e.g., a 20 amino acid deletion at positions 49-68 relative to A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996) that enhances replication and/or pathogenesis in terrestrial poultry and mice ( 4-6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The specific structural variations are at residue positions 3, 4 and 7 in the cyclic decapeptide. (sun.ac.za)
  • Both acrylamide and glycidamide react with hemoglobin (HGB), specifically at the N-(2 carbamoylethyl) valine residue of the ß-peptide subunit. (cdc.gov)
  • The only element that the side chains of these residues have in common with the WT arginine is the set of three carbon atoms at the C(alpha), C(beta), and C(gamma) positions. (rcsb.org)
  • Nucleic Acids Research, 31 (20), 5917-5929. (mpg.de)
  • Nucleic Acids Res, 2003 Aug 15. (nih.gov)
  • Acrylamide is a widely used industrial chemical intermediate with many applications, such as a polymerizing agent in grouts and in the preparation of laboratory gels for protein and nucleic acid electrophoresis. (cdc.gov)
  • Nucleic acids research, 44(6), 2501-13. (lu.se)
  • The structure of RL is basically composed of two parts: The water-soluble part makes up of one or two molecules of a sugar called rhamnose, and the water-insoluble part consists of one or two fatty-acid molecules. (usda.gov)
  • Colistin is composed of two parts: a cyclic heptapeptide and a tripeptide side chain which is acylated by a fatty acid at the amino terminus [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this work, we tested the procedures to crosslink functional groups in polar domains of humic acids by using carbodiimide coupling and analyzed to which extent influenced the modification their hydration properties and stability. (researchgate.net)
  • Glucosinolates are amino-acid-derived, specialized metabolites characteristic of the Brassicales order. (frontiersin.org)
  • The focus will be on organic residues at the biomolecular level, especially lipids and metabolites due to their preservation pathways and archaeological significance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
  • The major role of the NA is to release new progeny virions from an infected cell by enzymatically cleaving sialic acid receptors, which aids virus spread to uninfected cells within an infected host. (cdc.gov)
  • In the current study, the role of individual residues (H310, H433, and N434) at this interface in mediating the Fc-FcRn interaction has been investigated using recombinant, mutated Fc hinge fragments derived from mouse IgG1. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Such results are not different from the development of antibiotic resistance, where single amino acid changes can cause the binding of a toxin to a particular protein to decrease (for example, warfarin resistance in rats, and resistance to various AIDS drugs). (arn.org)
  • Recently, members of the Usually Multiple Amino acids Move In and Out Transporter (UMAMIT) family were shown to be essential for facilitating transport of seed-bound glucosinolates from site of synthesis within the reproductive organ to seeds. (frontiersin.org)
  • The main difference between ribozymes and enzymes is that RNA catalysts are composed of nucleotides, whereas enzymes are composed of amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • and even the role of particular amino acid residues in the mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
  • His, all of the remaining 18 naturally occurring amino acids were substituted at site 96. (rcsb.org)
  • Amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation: charge neutralizations and deletions in the III-IV linker. (xenbase.org)
  • However, virtually nothing is known concerning the amino acid residues that are important for Fur functioning. (usuhs.edu)
  • Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for A globular protein containing approximately 200 amino acid residues was crystallised. (edurev.in)
  • Kinetics of the methylation reaction of dopamine, (-)-noradrenaline, L-dopa, and 3,4- dihydroxybenzoic acid was studied in detail. (lu.se)
  • Our data reveal the binding-crevice accessibility of residues T270 (7.35), A273 (7.38), I274 (7.39), T277 (7.42), H278 (7.43), N284 (7.49), and Y288 (7.53) in the hA 1 AR. (aspetjournals.org)
  • A neutral amino acid change in segment IIS4 dramatically alters the gating properties of the voltage-dependent sodium channel. (xenbase.org)
  • Recently, the application of metabolomics in ancient residue analysis has been established where it was successfully used to determine distinct molecular residue markers in archaeological pottery. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanochemical methods can increase the molecular condensation degree and molecular relative mass of humic acid, but reduce the molecular condensation degree and molecular relative mass of fulvic acid. (researchgate.net)
  • This study is the first for H. pylori to analyze the roles of specific amino acid residues of Fur in function and continues to highlight the complexity of Fur regulation in this organism. (usuhs.edu)
  • We suggest that TRPC1 monomers co-assemble to form SOCC and that specific acidic aa residues in the proposed pore region of TRPC1 contribute to Ca 2+ influx. (uthscsa.edu)
  • In biological systems, most fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms, mainly between C14 and C24, maximising at C16 and C18. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically, the fatty acids are unbranched and have an even number of carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)