Research premature birth bed rest. Medical search. Frequent questions

These babies are also known as premature babies or colloquially preemies (American English) or premmies (Australian English). (wikipedia.org)
In the United Kingdom 7.9% of babies are born pre-term and in the United States 12.3% of all births are before 37 weeks gestation. (wikipedia.org)
Identifying women at high risk of giving birth early would enable the health services to provide specialized care for these women and their babies, for example a hospital with a special care baby unit such as a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). (wikipedia.org)
The same was not found to be true for babies who only received probiotics after birth. (goodforyounetwork.com)
Since magnesium sulfate relaxes most muscles, babies who have been exposed to magnesium for an extended period of time may be listless or floppy at birth. (healthline.com)
75% of fetal and neonatal deaths in babies without genetic anomalies, and infants who survive a premature birth suffer significant long term morbidity. (myadlm.org)
If the Shiers did not selectively reduce, the physician said, not all the babies would survive birth. (christianitytoday.com)
The UK has higher numbers of preterm births than other European countries, which is concerning, as preterm birth is known to be one of the main causes of death and neurodevelopmental disability in babies and children under the age of five worldwide. (boyesturnerclaims.com)
Human babies have a long period of development after birth, which takes place at a very fast rate, and requires a lot of energy. (thebabieswebsite.com)
(2) . Premature babies show better motor development when massaged regularly. (momjunction.com)
The NICU isn't just for premature babies-it's also for babies that have health issues or even those that have undergone a difficult birth [2] . (com.pk)
Maternal health, age, and the number of babies (think twins or triplets) can increase the risk of premature birth, as can certain actions such as smoking, drinking, or using illegal drugs during pregnancy [4] . (com.pk)
Mothers of premature babies are more likely than mothers of full-term babies to experience anxiety, depression, hostility, and fatigue as the result of their experience [6] . (com.pk)
These parents receive "Congratulations" messages, even during the hours when they're not sure their baby will survive, and many NICUs are on the same floor as mothers giving normal births, and NICU parents have to see these parents leave with their healthy babies. (com.pk)
Your doctor may put you on bedrest if you have pre-eclampsia or are pregnant with multiple babies. (healthlinkbc.ca)
That means the counties have the largest number of Black births but also more deaths that would not occur if Black babies had the same chance of reaching their 1st birthdays as white infants. (dallasweekly.com)
By contrast, a study of 1.8 million hospital births spanning 23 years in Florida found that the gap in mortality rates between Black and white newborns were halved for Black babies when Black physicians cared for them. (evergreenstategazette.com)
One in 8 babies are born premature (before 37 weeks). (inspiredbysavannah.com)
Women with APS can have a hard time getting pregnant , and blood clots that form in the placenta can cause miscarriage, premature birth, and development issues with babies. (webmd.com)
Premature babies are born before their body and organs have fully matured. (hoag.org)
There are many benefits of massage for premature babies. (thewomens.org.au)

Risk scoring systems have been suggested as an approach to identify those at higher risk, however, there is no strong research in this area so it is unclear whether the use of risk scoring systems for identifying mothers would prolong pregnancy and reduce the numbers of preterm births or not. (wikipedia.org)

Complications from preterm births resulted in 0.81 million deaths in 2015, down from 1.57 million in 1990. (wikipedia.org)
Many pregnant women have been told to stay in bed to prevent complications or premature birth, but new research suggests that bed rest doesn't help and may actually bring more risks. (goodforyounetwork.com)
GA at birth, especially between 22-32 weeks, is related to mortality and neonatal complications. (jogcr.com)
Risk situations to newborns were identified in the emergency room that could result in premature cesarean delivery and complications to the conceptus. (bvsalud.org)
For example, early pregnancy and its complications which contributes to high maternal mortality, tobacco use, sexually transmitted infections including HIV, lack of physical activity can lead to illness or premature death later in life. (who.int)

In the UK, 75% of stillbirths and 71% of neonatal (newborn) deaths are related to preterm births. (boyesturnerclaims.com)
We know that high levels of stress and symptoms of anxiety, and depression during pregnancy are correlated with a number of poor neonatal outcomes, including premature delivery and low birth weight. (betterbedrest.org)
Technological advances in neonatal intensive care units to treat premature births helped to advance the field of fetal surgery. (asu.edu)
The premature neonatal department admits 500 pre- mature neonates annually, nearly 100% of whom are born in the hospital. (cdc.gov)

Premature infants are at greater risk for cerebral palsy, delays in development, hearing problems and problems with their vision. (wikipedia.org)
Preterm birth is the most common cause of death among infants worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
There are many genuine risks for infants who have numerous womb mates, mostly resulting from premature birth. (christianitytoday.com)
In Harris County, for example, home to two public hospitals and the Texas Medical Center - the largest medical complex in the world, with more than 54 medical-related institutions and 21 hospitals - mortality rates were 11.1 per 1,000 births for Black infants from 2014 through 2019, according to the March of Dimes, compared with 4.7 for white infants. (evergreenstategazette.com)
The information in this fact sheet aims to describe apnoea and bradycardia, a common pattern of breathing seen in very premature infants. (thewomens.org.au)
Sheba Medical Center is a 1,500-bed, tertiary care hos- pital in which 10,000 infants are delivered annually. (cdc.gov)

A watery discharge from the vagina may indicate premature rupture of the membranes that surround the baby. (wikipedia.org)
Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is said to occur when the membranes break before the 37th week of pregnancy. (mountsinai.org)

The main categories of causes of preterm birth are preterm labor induction and spontaneous preterm labor. (wikipedia.org)
Ten percent of women in preterm labor give birth within the next seven days. (healthline.com)
If you go into labor before 37 weeks, you are experiencing preterm labor and have a higher chance of preterm birth. (hoag.org)
Prenatal care plays an important role in identifying problems and lifestyle factors that can increase the risks for preterm labor and birth. (hoag.org)
The main outcome measures were miscarriage, stillbirth, the occurrence of maternal health conditions during pregnancy (preeclampsia, high blood pressure, diabetes), hospitalization or physician-ordered bed rest during pregnancy, preterm labor, and premature delivery (before 37 weeks at delivery). (illinois.edu)
Preterm labor leading to preterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. (bvsalud.org)

Likely to be referred here by physicians, gynecologists, infertility specialists or other medical personnel, patients will have experienced multiple miscarriages, stillbirths or premature births or the risk factors leading to them - from preeclampsia, diabetes and lupus to inflammation and infection. (usf.edu)
Preeclampsia is a condition that causes high blood pressure during pregnancy or in the days and weeks after you give birth. (arizonahealthnet.com)
The cause of preeclampsia is unknown, but research suggests that women who are obese or have diabetes and chronic hypertension are more likely to develop it. (ez.insure)
Preeclampsia is also risky for the fetus and can have long-lasting effects after birth. (ez.insure)

According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the twin birth rate has risen 70 percent since 1980 and is currently 3.2 per 1,000 live births. (beaumont.org)
In 2006, the infant mortality rate was 25.34 per 1000 live births (22.9 per 1000 live births in the West Bank, 28.8 per 1000 live births in the Gaza Strip), the mortality rate for children under the age of five years was 28.23 per 1000 live births (25.7 per 1000 live births in the West Bank and 31.7 per 1000 live births in the Gaza Strip). (who.int)

Statistically, larger women do better with higher-order multiple births, such as quintuplets. (christianitytoday.com)
Caucasian women, especially those over age 35, have the highest rate of higher-order multiple births (triplets or more). (beaumont.org)

A new analysis shows that probiotics, if taken by the mother during pregnancy and followed with supplements after birth, can reduce a baby's risk of developing allergies. (goodforyounetwork.com)
The reason for this is that a baby's skin barrier is underdeveloped at birth, and it takes 15 days for the skin to become water-resistant (3) . (momjunction.com)
Baby's Best Chance is a reference guide for parents that includes resources on pregnancy, birth and parenting. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Using amphetamines (Ice, Speed, Ecstasy) during pregnancy can affect the development of your baby's brain and nervous system before birth. (thewomens.org.au)

His internationally renowned and award-winning research has long focused on preventing premature births, stillbirth, miscarriage and maternal thrombosis. (usf.edu)
Some of the side effects of drug use to a fetus include low birth weight, premature birth, poor fetal growth, and miscarriage. (pregnancyhealth.net)

The problem with macrosomia is that it may result in shoulder damage during birth and increase the chances of cesarean delivery. (biomeology.co)
If you had a C-section , the same postpartum sex recommendations apply, though for many moms who gave birth via cesarean, recovery takes a little longer. (whattoexpect.com)

The research available is limited with regard to the cervix and therefore is limited in discerning what is or is not normal. (wikipedia.org)
An incompetent cervix happens when weak cervical tissue causes or plays a part in a premature birth or the loss of a healthy pregnancy. (middlesexhealth.org)
As pregnancy goes on and you get ready to give birth, the cervix slowly changes. (middlesexhealth.org)
If you have an incompetent cervix, it might begin to open too soon causing you to give birth too early. (middlesexhealth.org)
If you've had an incompetent cervix during one pregnancy, you're at risk of premature birth or pregnancy loss in later pregnancies. (middlesexhealth.org)
Pineapple - These are also not recommended to the pregnant women as they contain certain enzymes that alters the texture of cervix which could induce premature contractions. (ownrelationships.com)

The birth rate for triplets and other higher-order multiples has also risen dramatically, but has slowed since 1998. (beaumont.org)

Each of these pathways culminates into a final common pathway that involves induction of uterine contractions and cervical changes with or without premature rupture of membranes. (myadlm.org)
Dehydration can kick off contractions and maybe even cause premature labor, although many women can curtail the situation and avoid premature birth if they are sure to drink a lot of water and relax. (whatsparenting.com)

It's, of course, more than understandable that having a baby in the NICU would dramatically impact parents, and research has confirmed that this is true. (com.pk)
However, many parents are unprepared for the struggles of giving birth to a baby who is immediately whisked away to the NICU, most within 24 hours of their birth. (com.pk)
Research calls for the need for more physical and emotional closeness between parents and baby in the NICU, which can boost the well-being of both parents and child [7] . (com.pk)
NICU since birth. (cdc.gov)
The department contains 45 beds: 12-14 level 3 NICU beds in a single large space, 15 intermediate- intensive beds in a separate room, and 18 additional beds in 2 additional rooms. (cdc.gov)

80% percent of PTBs are spontaneous with and without premature rupture of membranes. (myadlm.org)
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) refers to a patient who is beyond 37 weeks' gestation and has presented with rupture of membranes (ROM) prior to the onset of labor. (medscape.com)
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is ROM prior to 37 weeks' gestation. (medscape.com)
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term is rupture of membranes prior to the onset of labor at or beyond 37 weeks' gestation. (medscape.com)
When the water breaks early, it is called premature rupture of membranes (PROM). (mountsinai.org)
If the water breaks before the 37th week of pregnancy, it is called preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). (mountsinai.org)

They are reminders to two USF Health doctors of the ultimate outcomes of years of research and struggles that often play out in their offices, the joyful results balanced against quiet frustration and painful loss. (usf.edu)

Four different pathways have been identified that can result in preterm birth and have considerable evidence: precocious fetal endocrine activation, uterine overdistension (placental abruption), decidual bleeding, and intrauterine inflammation or infection. (wikipedia.org)
Preterm PROM occurs probably due to the same mechanisms and premature activation of these pathways. (medscape.com)

The repurposing of approved medications such as mirabegron (Mybetriq™) tested in human myometrium as uterine tocolytics can advance the prevention of preterm birth. (bvsalud.org)

Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks. (wikipedia.org)

What do we call a woman who Cannot give birth? (arizonahealthnet.com)
Infertility is a disease in which the ability to get pregnant and give birth to a child is impaired or limited in some way. (arizonahealthnet.com)

Dr. Romero, also an award-winning researcher, likewise has spent years studying factors - including genetic causes - that lead to pregnancy loss and premature birth. (usf.edu)

There are some pressure points in the foot that are believed to cause labor, so much so that women consider it a possible way to induce the birth naturally in the last few months. (whatsparenting.com)

Approximately 0.5% of births are extremely early periviable births (20-25 weeks of gestation), and these account for most of the deaths. (wikipedia.org)
Those three counties, which also are among the nation's most populated counties, account for 7% of all Black births in the country and 9% of excess Black infant deaths, said Ashley Hirai, a senior scientist at HRSA. (dallasweekly.com)

HSIB's latest investigation report, Management of preterm labour and birth of twins , has highlighted the need for better national guidance to help maternity teams manage the care of mothers expecting twins during preterm labour and birth. (boyesturnerclaims.com)
Twins are at higher risk of being born prematurely with 60% of twin pregnancies ending in preterm birth. (boyesturnerclaims.com)
HSIB's investigation followed concerns expressed by a mother of twins who both suffered brain injuries after a preterm birth. (boyesturnerclaims.com)
Still, there are unusual cases such as Omkari Panwar, who gave birth to twins at 72. (listverse.com)

The exact cause of spontaneous preterm birth is difficult to determine and it may be caused by many different factors at the same time as labor is a complex process. (wikipedia.org)
You may need to take certain precautions during pregnancy like bed rest so you don't go into labor too early. (healthline.com)
While premature labor symptoms can be different in each mom-to-be, Bond added that it's "important to report any tightening or hardness of your belly, as well as new back pains . (healthline.com)
Over the past several years, scientific studies from several sources have linked bacterial vaginosis (BV) with premature labor 1-3. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
A fetoscopy incision is much smaller than open fetal surgery and is less traumatic to the pregnant woman's uterine and abdominal walls, and it often lessens the likelihood of premature labor . (asu.edu)
Research has provided a lot of answers in terms of the risks for pre-term labor. (whatsparenting.com)
Researching conception, pregnancy, and labor are also important. (pregnancyhealth.net)
If there are no signs of infection, the provider may try to hold off your labor by putting you on bed rest. (mountsinai.org)
And if there is a probability of premature labor, she must be informed by the delivery department and hospitalized accordingly. (rolstoelco.com)

Her care was overseen by an obstetrician and she was advised about the implications of her twin pregnancy and the risk of preterm labour and birth. (boyesturnerclaims.com)

Also, vaginal bleeding in the third trimester, heavy pressure in the pelvis, or abdominal or back pain could be indicators that a preterm birth is about to occur. (wikipedia.org)
If you had a vaginal birth , you may have had an episiotomy or a vaginal or perineal tear that's healing. (whattoexpect.com)

You also need to stop smoking and stop estrogen therapy (either for menopause or birth control ) if you have APS. (webmd.com)
Premature Menopause Premature menopause is the permanent end of menstrual periods before age 40. (msdmanuals.com)

Often, surgeons will simultaneously and continuously monitor both the fetus and the woman postoperatively until the birth. (asu.edu)

Christian couples with high-risk pregnancies, often due to biotech fertility treatments or a fetal illness, may find themselves facing an agonizing decision, not just an eagerly awaited birth. (christianitytoday.com)
High blood pressure complicates almost 10% of all pregnancies, and the incidence of this condition is even higher in women who have never given birth or are carrying multiple fetuses. (ez.insure)

Premature birth is associated with high levels of morbidity (long-term health conditions), mortality (death) and long term disability from conditions such as intraventricular haemorrhage ( IVH or bleeding within the brain), brain injury from periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and cerebral palsy . (boyesturnerclaims.com)

The failure of ß2 agonists such as ritodrine and terbutaline to prevent preterm birth suggests that the regulation of uterine smooth muscle is disparate from that of airway. (bvsalud.org)

Preterm birth (PTB) is defined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) as delivery of an infant prior to 37 weeks gestation. (myadlm.org)

Are there any risks from bedrest? (healthlinkbc.ca)

Extreme preterm is less than 28 weeks, very early preterm birth is between 28 and 32 weeks, early preterm birth occurs between 32 and 34 weeks, late preterm birth is between 34 and 36 weeks' gestation. (wikipedia.org)
Sometimes bedrest is prescribed if there is a high risk of having your baby early. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Premature birth is birth that happens too early, before 37 weeks of pregnancy. (arizonahealthnet.com)
Your son was born 15 weeks early and you were on bed rest for 21 weeks during your second pregnancy. (fitlifestylemag.com)
The number one risk for having a premature a baby is having had a prior early birth. (inspiredbysavannah.com)
Two issues of greater risk are associated with early birth in such cases. (rolstoelco.com)
That is why some researchers have suggested that after 28-32 weeks, women should be monitored 1-2 times per week , be on total bed rest with specific attention to the bladder, bowel, and skin, and be hospitalized early for an evaluation of effacement and dilatation. (rolstoelco.com)

At the hospital, she was placed on full bed rest and told that she would have to deliver her son prematurely. (com.pk)

High birth weight, also known as fetal macrosomia . (biomeology.co)
They are often small, with a low birth weight (less than 2,500 grams or 5.5 pounds) and may need help breathing, eating, fighting infection, and staying warm. (hoag.org)
Eleven patients had extremely screening of the outbreak strain for 25 virulence factor low birth weight (range 568-2,440 g, median 810 g), and genes was performed as described by Jarraud et al. (cdc.gov)
A statistically significant association was found between race and low birth weight such that nonwhite women were at increased risk of reporting a low birth weight neonate compared with white women (odds ratio [OR] 3.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-7.26). (illinois.edu)

Drinking alcohol will put your baby at risk for fetal defects, fetal alcohol syndrome, and premature birth. (upmcmyhealthmatters.com)
Eating these fish can lead to birth defects, such as visual and hearing impairment, and brain and spinal cord developmental issues. (upmcmyhealthmatters.com)

As the link has now been shown in four separate research trials, our advice is to go to sleep on your side in the third trimester because it is safer for your baby. (ownrelationships.com)
As your baby grows you want as much even space as possible to allow for optimal positioning for birth as well. (ownrelationships.com)
Overall, one month is the ideal age since it has multiple benefits: the umbilical cord stub would have fallen, and the navel had dried, the skin is less sensitive than at birth, the skin barrier is stronger, and the baby at this age can be more responsive to touch. (momjunction.com)
Something as innocent as a foot massage or as unexpected as a fall could set things in motion, and while the doctors might be able to stall things, there is a possibility of a premature and very tiny and vulnerable baby. (whatsparenting.com)
But there is another that some women might need to add to the list if they have concerns about having a premature baby. (whatsparenting.com)

Traditional treatments include hydration, bed rest, and home uterine activity monitoring, and these have a low success rate. (myadlm.org)
It was found that the abortion rate of the three experimental groups was not significantly different from the use of plants or placebo.Ketone treatment is not effective for preventing abortion.Research targets include pregnant women with or non -flow history, and pregnant women with a history of recurrence of abortion. (henryalberto.com)
Once you're looking to reconnect with your partner on an intimate level that doesn't include spit-up, here are some guidelines that can help you kickstart your sex life after giving birth. (whattoexpect.com)

Bed rest and pregnancy restrictions are rarely anticipated. (betterbedrest.org)

The ex vivo and in vivo synergism of mundulone+atosiban was substantiated, yielding greater tocolytic efficacy and potency on myometrial tissue and reduced preterm birth rates in a mouse model of PL compared to each single agent. (bvsalud.org)

There are now many virtual groups for pregnant women, but there is a vast need for groups specific to women on bed rest. (betterbedrest.org)
There were 2,158 pregnant women participated in the experiment (a total of 14 random control research). (henryalberto.com)
In 2011, COCHRANE published an analysis of 421 pregnant women participating in the experiment (4 random control research). (henryalberto.com)
How soon can you get pregnant again after giving birth? (whattoexpect.com)

Some methods, such as bed rest and long-term antibiotics, may be harmful when used as adjunctive therapy after cerclage (16-18). (jogcr.com)

While multiples account for only a small percentage of all births (about 3 percent), the multiple birth rate is rising. (beaumont.org)

The latest studies suggest that it can be used only to PROLONG pregnancy for a short period of time, but not to prevent birth. (myadlm.org)
This is because bedrest has not been shown to help prevent certain problems, such as preventing preterm birth. (healthlinkbc.ca)
The current medical research confirms that progesterone has a premature factors that have premature birth (born in 28-weeks-36+6 weeks) to prevent premature birth.Fetal is very common, but its effectiveness is not recognized. (henryalberto.com)
Since it's difficult to know exactly when you'll ovulate before you start having sex again, talk to your doctor at your postpartum checkup about birth control options if you're trying to prevent pregnancy. (whattoexpect.com)
The knowledge that agonists of the ß2 adrenergic receptor relax airway smooth muscle and are effective in the treatment of asthma led to the notion that ß2 mimetics would prevent preterm birth by relaxing uterine smooth muscle. (bvsalud.org)

Some women may be at a higher risk for a preterm birth. (healthline.com)
This is great news for women on bed rest! (betterbedrest.org)
The biggest risk for women on bedrest is blood clots ( deep vein thrombosis ) in your leg or lungs. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Find a support group online, a social networking site, or a telephone hotline for women on bedrest. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Women expecting a multiple birth will need to see their health care provider more frequently than if they were having a single pregnancy. (beaumont.org)

How long after giving birth can you have sex? (whattoexpect.com)
Natural family planning, and the science and research behind it, has come a long way in the last 50 years. (carrotsformichaelmas.com)
It has been used as a means of transport on long journeys, as a bed, and also as a litter to carry the dead 10 . (bvsalud.org)

Over the last few years the National Institutes of Health has greatly increased funding for such research, but it must continue to coordinate the studies at various laboratories to ensure systematic conclusions on these biological markers. (blogspot.com)

Research has shown that in the third trimester (after 28 weeks of pregnancy) going to sleep on your back increases your risk of stillbirth. (ownrelationships.com)
Premature birth is considered that before 37 weeks of pregnancy [1] . (com.pk)

In many countries, rates of premature births have increased between the 1990s and 2010s. (wikipedia.org)
Rates of cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy at 5 years old also decrease with advancing GA at birth (9). (jogcr.com)
Actually, rates of preterm births have increased by nearly 30 percent since 1981, according to Parenting Magazine . (whatsparenting.com)

Multiple birth usually occurs when more than one egg is fertilized and implants in the uterus. (beaumont.org)

Preterm birth may be prevented in those at risk if the hormone progesterone is taken during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
Your doctor can work with you to lower your risk by advising you to quit smoking and prescribing the hormone progesterone, which can help lower your risk if you have had a preterm birth in the past. (hoag.org)

A Peruvian girl named Lina Marcela Medina gave birth to a child at the tender age of only five years and seven months old. (listverse.com)

The stakes for multiple birth are high. (christianitytoday.com)
High-risk pregnancy doesn't always equal a high-risk birth. (inspiredbysavannah.com)
For other drugs that treat threatened abortion, including human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), β-receptor agonist, vitamin, Chinese medicine, etc., high-quality research data does not support their use. (henryalberto.com)
However, if your pregnancy is high-risk, then you may get assigned to bed rest. (pregnancyhealth.net)

Surgical intervention to correct a fetal anomaly is traumatic to a woman's body, and post-operative care involves bed rest, medications, and hospital stays. (asu.edu)
You may also be put on bed rest, either at home or in the hospital. (hoag.org)
We're also providing advice for people on how to provide care at home for families that are unable to find a hospital bed. (bvsalud.org)

But the doctor did not sound happy, saying Patty should prepare for multiple births. (christianitytoday.com)
A multiple birth is a pregnancy with two or more fetuses. (beaumont.org)
What Causes Multiple Birth? (beaumont.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science3

Named Groups5

Health Care14

Geographicals1

Babies21

Numbers of preterm births1

Complications5

Neonatal4

Infants6

Rupture of the membranes2

Preterm labor6

Preeclampsia4

Live births2

Higher-order multiple births2

Baby's4

Miscarriage2

Cesarean2

Cervix6

Triplets1

Contractions2

NICU5

Membranes6

Outcomes1

Pathways2

Prevention1

Gestational age1

Give birth2

Pregnancy loss1

Induce1

Deaths2

Twins4

Labor9

Labour1

Vaginal2

Menopause2

Fetus1

Pregnancies2

Morbidity1

Suggests1

Infant1

Risks1

Early7

Prematurely1

Weight4

Defects2

Baby5

Include3

Rarely1

Tissue1

Pregnant4

Antibiotics1

Percentage1

Prevent5

Women5

Long3

Greatly increased1

Weeks of pregnancy2

Rates3

Occurs1

Progesterone2

Years1

High4

Hospital3

Multiple3