• A key feature of prostate cancer progression is the induction and activation of survival proteins, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin. (oncotarget.com)
  • E2's presence also affects the expression of a variety of cellular genes involved in a wide range of biological processes, including cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, which are mediated by E2's interaction with cellular proteins. (elis.sk)
  • Firstly, the effect on the proliferation of cervical cancer Me180 cells were detected with MTT assay, and apoptosis were detected with Annexin V-FITC/PI combined with flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found both DAPT and curcumin-PDT can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of cervical cancer cell. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our enzyme of interest was Protein Kinase B, which is a crucial enzyme responsible for various cell processes such as cell metabolism, motility, cell cycle, and apoptosis. (trincoll.edu)
  • Ling X, Cheng QY, Black JD and Li F, Forced expression of survivin-2B abrogates mitotic cells and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by blockade of tubulin polymerization and modulation of Bcl-2, Bax and survivin. (roswellpark.org)
  • In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)
  • Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)
  • miR-29b suppressed cellular proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, possibly through the inhibition of Mcl-1 and CCND2. (cusabio.cn)
  • Functional studies showed that LIPH-4 promoted the growth, mediated cell cycle progression and inhibited apoptosis in ESCC cells in vitro , and promoted tumor growth in mice. (researchsquare.com)
  • Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. (besjournal.com)
  • A similar screen done in the Caenorhabditis elegans protein SMA (from gene sma for small body size) revealed three genes, Sma-2, Sma-3, and Sma-4, that had similar mutant phenotypes to those of the TGF-B like receptor Daf-4. (wikipedia.org)
  • In HPV16 E2-positive cells, we observed a statistically significant increase in mRNA and protein levels of TAF1 and p27, a basal transcription factor and one of its target genes, respectively. (elis.sk)
  • DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The validations of these guns are carried out in cell lines by over-expressing or banging out these genes. (ecolowood.com)
  • We had shown earlier that transcription of the cell cycle genes cyclin D1 and cyclin A in chondrocytes is dependent on CREs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that overexpression of ATF3 in primary mouse chondrocytes results in reduced transcription of both genes, as well as decreased activity of a CRE reporter plasmid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study we show that a SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler subunit, BAF60, represses seedling growth by modulating DNA accessibility of hypocotyl cell size regulatory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the observation that NHR-67 forms punctae associated with transcriptional repressors in non-invasive cells is intriguing, the work does not yet established a clear link between the formation and dissolution of NHR-67 condensates with the activation of downstream genes that NHR-67 is actively repressing. (elifesciences.org)
  • Vectors with mCherry or eGFP reporter genes for monitoring transfection or transduction efficiencies. (genecopoeia.com)
  • Validation studies - The OmicsLink™ expression ready ORF cDNA clones together with the same ORF clones that contain silent mutations in shRNA target sequence regions can be used for shRNA validation studies and gene/protein functional rescue studies for genes/proteins targeted by corresponding shRNA. (genecopoeia.com)
  • The Arhgap11a, H2afx, Chek2, Dlgap5, and Chek1 were hub genes downregulated in MC3T3-E1 cells after osteogenic differentiation, verified by RT-qPCR results. (frontiersin.org)
  • It regulates Sp7 protein expression and induces expression of major bone matrix protein genes, such as Col1a1, Spp1, Ibsp, Bglap2, and Fn1 ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The different genes within a genome, depending on their sequence, might have varying efficiency in using the cellular resources devoted for protein synthesis. (europa.eu)
  • Recently, we showed that linear DNA can be much better protected in lysates from cells knocked out for exonuclease genes ( recBCD ) 10 . (jove.com)
  • In addition, we found that HBX introduction downregulated miR-18a, upregulated CTGF, elevated the viability, and promoted cell cycle progression. (medscimonit.com)
  • Although live imaging has provided extensive insights into this relationship at the single-cell level, the limited number of fluorescent markers that can be used in a single experiment has hindered efforts to link the dynamics of individual proteins responsible for decision making directly to cell cycle progression. (cam.ac.uk)
  • I will present an all-in-one cell cycle reporter that allows simultaneous analysis of cell cycle progression, including the transition into quiescence, and the dynamics of individual fate determinants. (cam.ac.uk)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Mechanistically, protein profiling through mass spectroscopy revealed that K+CS uniquely affects the cellular pathways of DNA damage repair, DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. (confex.com)
  • These repressors could down-regulate CRE-dependent transcription and thus cause delay of cell cycle progression and/or promote cell cycle exit during terminal differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The encoded protein binds to and prevents the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 or cyclin D-CDK4 complexes, and thus controls the cell cycle progression at G1. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Important regulator of cell cycle progression. (affbiotech.cn)
  • The long-term goal of our laboratory is to understand how the antiapoptotic protein survivin and its splice variants (e.g., survivin-2B, survivin-ΔEx3, survivin-3B) play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. (roswellpark.org)
  • Our results provide novel insights into the function of EBNA3C on cell progression by regulating the cyclin D2 protein and raise the possibility of the development of new anticancer therapies against EBV-associated cancers. (cusabio.cn)
  • Moreover, flowcytometry was applied to analyze the effects of miR-183 on the cell cycle progression. (nature.com)
  • MiR-183 can exert an oncogenic effect by promoting cell viability, migration, and cell cycle progression. (nature.com)
  • In the present study, the effect of miR-183 on cell viability, cell cycle progression, and migration was investigated, and the interaction between miR-183 and PTEN in BC cells was examined. (nature.com)
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that cell cycle progression and invasion through a basement membrane are mutually exclusive cellular behaviors in both development and disease states (reviewed in Kohrman and Matus, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • Further, the results of miR-4755-5p mimic transfection confirmed that under the action of NaF, miR-4755-5p overexpression reduced Cyclin D1 protein expression within osteoblasts and further inhibited cell proliferation and activation. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • Our results show a novel role for DDX5 in cancer cell proliferation and suggest DDX5 as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • data indicate that linc00598 plays an important role in cell cycle regulation and proliferation through its ability to regulate the transcription of CCND2. (cusabio.cn)
  • The surface immune molecule CD274 plays a critical role in the proliferation of leukemia-initiating cells, LICs. (cusabio.cn)
  • MiR-497 significantly suppressed cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle through the CCND2 protein. (cusabio.cn)
  • At the same time, we found an increase in the expression of ElrC, a marker of cells as they undergo a transition from proliferation to differentiation. (xenbase.org)
  • Functional assays - The shRNA knockdown effect can be studied by end-point biological and biochemical assays such as cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle analysis, and migration based on the potential role played by each gene /protein. (genecopoeia.com)
  • The capacity to adjust metabolic pathways in response to nutrient availability and energy status is pivotal for cell survival and proliferation. (wiley.com)
  • Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 and EdU assay. (besjournal.com)
  • CRC cells secreted extracellular miR-224-5p mainly in an exosome-dependent manner, and then miR-224-5p could be transferred to surrounding tumor cells to regulate cell proliferation in the form of autocrine or paracrine. (besjournal.com)
  • Interestingly, ULK2 inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner. (besjournal.com)
  • Furthermore, exosome-derived miR-224-5p partially reversed the proliferation regulation of ULK2 on CRC cells. (besjournal.com)
  • Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that exosome-transmitted miR-224-5p promotes p53-dependent cell proliferation by targeting ULK2 in CRC, which may offer promising targets for CRC prevention and therapy. (besjournal.com)
  • Through the use of a luciferase reporter system, we also identified CTGF 3'UTR (1046-1052 bp) as the exact binding site for miR-18a. (medscimonit.com)
  • The target binding between miR-4755-5p and Cyclin D1 was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Simultaneously, luciferase reporter assays verified that Cyclin D1 was the miR-4755-5p direct target. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Each kit includes luciferase reporter cells, an assay plate, all required reagents (optimized culture media, positive-control agonist, and detection reagent), and a detailed Technical Manual. (indigobiosciences.com)
  • Using several p21(waf1/cip1) promoter-driven luciferase reporter plasmids, we observed that perifosine activates the 2.4-kb full-length p21(waf1/cip1) promoter as well as a p21 promoter construct lacking p53-binding sites, suggesting that perifosine activates the p21(waf1/cip1) promoter independent of p53. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Standard techniques like cell synchronization by serum starvation, flow cytometry, N-terminal or C-terminal FLAG epitope-tagged protein expression, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, dual luciferase assay for promoter evaluation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed during this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The underlying mechanisms of action of LIPH-4 were explored through bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay, RNA-immunoprecipitation assay and immunoblot. (researchsquare.com)
  • The miRNA-mRNA interactions were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and experiments using mimics miRNA or their inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated Arhgap11a as the target of miR-211-5p. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the target gene of miR-224-5p. (besjournal.com)
  • We also demonstrated that the −657 to +411 DCT promoter fragment efficiently directs RB cell-specific transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in cell lines. (molvis.org)
  • The expression of Cyclin D1 protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, respectively. (fluoridealert.org)
  • The establishment of an RNAi-assay in order to characterize the trafficking pathway of GPI-anchored fluorescent reporter proteins lead to the identification of various sorting steps. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Evaluate your compounds on major receptors with INDIGO's reporter assay panels to understand their biological and toxicological effects better. (indigobiosciences.com)
  • To get a new insight into pluripotency, we employed a plurifaceted experimental design combining expression proteomics with the proteome-wide integral solubility alteration (PISA) assay 7 to compare pluripotent cells with their isogenic progenies and parental cells as well as with allogeneic cells. (nature.com)
  • To determine the impacts of miR-183 on cell viability, the MTT assay was used. (nature.com)
  • To detect the effects of miR-183 on the migration of BC cell lines, wound healing was used along with a Trans-well migration assay. (nature.com)
  • Although we repeated all results under the same or slightly different conditions, some of our results were further confirmed using multiple assay methods on divergent SARS-CoV-2 strains and in cell lines from different sources. (cdc.gov)
  • The distribution of the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Flow cytometry, which first began to develop in the 1950s, is a technology for characterizing the phenotype and functionality of individual cells within a heterogeneous population. (biolegend.com)
  • Using flow cytometry, researchers can measure cell size and granularity as well as investigate factors including viability, cell cycle, and protein expression. (biolegend.com)
  • During a typical flow cytometry experiment, samples are stained using fluorophore-labeled antibodies that recognize and bind specific cell surface or intracellular markers, or a variety of fluorescent chemical probes. (biolegend.com)
  • Flow cytometry is a laser-based technology that allows the simultaneous measurement of fluorescence in single cells at different wavelengths reporting the cellular concentration of several fluorescently-tagged molecules, and of other physical or biological parameters such as cell size or granularity in a statistically robust fashion. (uni-marburg.de)
  • The biological function of LIPH-4 was examined in cell and animal studies, applying CCK-8, EdU, colony formation and flow cytometry assays as well as xenograft model experiments. (researchsquare.com)
  • In the fluoride-exposed population, the results showed that with the increase in UF content, the expression of miR-4755-5p decreased gradually, while the mRNA transcription and protein expression of Cyclin D1 increased gradually. (fluoridealert.org)
  • The results demonstrate that fluoride exposure induced the downregulation of miR-4755-5p and downregulated miR-4755-5p promoted fluoride-induced osteoblast activation by increasing Cyclin D1 protein expression. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Focusing on cyclin D1 as a major cell cycle regulator, we present evidence that a crucial cell cycle function of cyclin D1 is to prevent the transition into quiescence and identify a unique cyclin D1 protein kinetics that are indicative of very short G1 phases. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, Cyclin and CKI proteins are controlled at the level of their destruction. (intechopen.com)
  • Regulatory component of the cyclin D2-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. (cusabio.cn)
  • The CD274/JNK/Cyclin D2 pathway promotes the cell cycle entry of LIC. (cusabio.cn)
  • cyclin D2 acts as regulator of cell cycle proteins affecting SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 restriction in non-proliferating macrophages. (cusabio.cn)
  • Both CCND1- and CCND2-expressing MM cells arrested in S/G2/M, and did not differ in other cell-cycle proteins or sensitivity to IR.Differential expression of D-cyclin does not appear to affect cell-cycle response to IR, and is unlikely to underlie differential sensitivity to DNA damage. (cusabio.cn)
  • The Sox9 gene is required for the differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells to chondrocytes and, together with the related L-Sox5 and Sox6 proteins, controls chondrocyte-specific gene expression [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BRCA2 gene expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ZAR2 binds to BRCA2/ZAR2 bi-directional promoter in vivo and is responsible, at least in part, for the silencing of BRCA2 gene expression in the G0/G1 phase in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The notion could be that unique cellular mechanisms are triggered in the breast cancer cells to stimulate BRCA2 gene expression as a temporary measure to regulate the growth of the breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BRCA2 gene expression is stringently regulated during the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While BRCA2 expression is involved in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair, the mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2 gene expression remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Typical applications include single-cell measurements of gene expression, analysis of transcriptional reporters, and cell cycle studies in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. (uni-marburg.de)
  • We report the isolation of a p27(Xic1) genomic clone and we identify a 5' region capable of driving reporter gene expression specifically in the neural tube and the eye. (xenbase.org)
  • An MC3T3-E1-based microarray dataset (accessioned as GSE46400) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus included MC3T3-E1 cells with or without 14-day osteoblast differentiation osteoblast induction. (frontiersin.org)
  • Translation of mRNA into proteins is a central process in gene expression. (europa.eu)
  • The regulatory elements required for this cell-specific gene expression are likely located within its proximal promoter. (molvis.org)
  • TCDD for every step of the mechanism described for 2,3,7,8-TCDD carcinogenesis in humans including receptor binding, gene expression, protein activity changes, cellular replication, oxidative stress, promotion in initiation-promotion studies and complete carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. (who.int)
  • The Tali Image-based Cytometer is a 3-channel benchtop cytometer that uses image analysis to perform basic cellular assays and cell counting on cells in suspension. (epfl.ch)
  • Identify therapeutic agents with the highest selectivity and lowest potential for off-target and unwanted effects with INDIGO's cell-based receptor assays. (indigobiosciences.com)
  • Quickly gain insights into the mechanisms underlying the involvement of key receptors in various diseases with INDIGO's reporter assays. (indigobiosciences.com)
  • Functional assays by a reporter gene/protein - Alternatively, when the endogenous transcript level of gene of interest is low and/or when qRT-PCR and western blot analysis is not feasible or possible, KD effect can be measured by co-transduction of shRNA clone with an expression clone plasmid which is transcribed into a chimeric mRNA transcript consisting of a reporter gene and the target gene ORF. (genecopoeia.com)
  • The reporter gene encodes a reporter protein enzyme that can be used in functional assays. (genecopoeia.com)
  • Cell-based and in vitro assays show that Retro-2 blocks delivery of newly-synthesized TA-proteins to the ER-targeting factor ASNA1 (TRC40). (elifesciences.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore the parasite possesses only a reduced number of trafficking pathways compared to mammalian cells. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • These effects on cellular proteins and pathways were unique to K+CS treatment and were not observed with KPT-330 or CS single agent treatment. (confex.com)
  • These results represent a novel mechanism by which alkylphospholipids modulate transcription, and may contribute to the discovery of new signal transduction pathways crucial for normal and neoplastic cell cycle control. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • We detect alterations of protein properties in numerous cellular pathways and components including ribosome biogenesis and demonstrate that modulation of ribosome maturation through SBDS protein can be helpful for manipulating cell stemness in vitro. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, uncover the molecular features and signaling pathways on tRNA that are responsible for tRNA regulation is of fundamental importance to understand the cell. (europa.eu)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • mRNA and protein expression of gene Notch-1 and its downstream NF-κB and VEGF were observed with RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western-blot with/without inhibition of Notch signaling pathway by DAPT, both in vivo and in vitro experiments. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using cancer cell-based survivin-reporter systems via high throughput screening (HTS) of compound libraries, followed by in vitro and in vivo analyses of HTS-derived hit-lead compounds, we identified a small molecule FL118 and demonstrated that FL118 has significant antitumor activity in several human xenograft tumor animal models. (roswellpark.org)
  • Using our integrative proteomics approach and the web-based tool, we uncover a molecular basis for the uncoupling of robust transcription from parsimonious translation in stem cells and propose a method for maintaining pluripotency in vitro. (nature.com)
  • 02:47 and red blood cells in vitro. (yale.edu)
  • The extracellular signaling protein Sonic hedgehog (Shh) requires dual lipidation for functional signaling, whereby N-terminal palmitoylation is performed by the enzyme Hedgehog acyltransferase (Hhat). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, we showed that perifosine activates the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and this activation promotes the phosphorylation of Sp1 in known mitogen-activated protein kinase residues (threonine 453 and 739), thereby leading to increased Sp1 binding and enhanced p21(waf1/cip1) transcription. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a very dense and highly organized tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and immune cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Furthermore, we investigated the effect of HBX overexpression on miR-18a and CTGF, as well as the viability and cell cycle status of HepG2 cells. (medscimonit.com)
  • We transfected HepG2.2.15 with miR-18a mimics and CTGF siRNA, finding that upregulated miR-18a and downregulated CTGF suppress the viability and cause cell cycle arrest. (medscimonit.com)
  • Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Further, this method offers high purity and viability for the isolated cells. (ecolowood.com)
  • The Tali can also be used to determine cell concentration and cell viability of your sample before or after cell sorting. (epfl.ch)
  • The early viral gene E2 encodes a protein involved in several key processes in HPV biology, such as replication, genome segregation, and viral gene transcription. (elis.sk)
  • The adenovirus early region 1 (E1) gene, which comprises E1a and E1b, encodes the viral early proteins that are necessary for adenoviral replication and the consequent oncolysis of permissive host cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Gene ID: 5925, OMIM 614041 ) gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor protein. (molvis.org)
  • We also observed a clear increase in CTGF mRNA and protein expression levels in HBV-positive HCC human tissue samples in comparison with the HBV-negative controls, indicating a possible negatively associated relationship between miR-18a and CTGF. (medscimonit.com)
  • Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that is essential in activating oncogenic transcription factors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Thus there is usually inadequacy in the methods available in fractionating cells based on their differential manifestation of internal molecules like transcription factors, nuclear chaperones and other signaling intermediates that displays functional heterogeneity. (ecolowood.com)
  • One example is the activating transcription factor/cyclicAMP response element-binding protein (ATF/CREB) family that is defined by the ability of its members to bind to the cyclicAMP response element (CRE) in target promoters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This negative regulation of DNA-PKcs by depleting PIG3 seemed to take place at the translational level but not at the levels of transcription or protein degradation. (ijbs.com)
  • Transcription of nhr-67 is downregulated following post-translational degradation of its direct upstream regulator, HLH-2 (E/Daughterless) in VU cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • The linker region between MH1 and MH2 is not just a connector, but also plays a role in protein function and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dec. 17, 2019-A newly identified protein interaction that affects cell cycle regulation may be an attractive target for cancer therapy. (vumc.org)
  • We propose a model in which association of NHR-67 with the Groucho/TCF complex suppresses the default invasive state in non-invasive cells, which complements transcriptional regulation to add robustness to the proliferative-invasive cellular switch in vivo . (elifesciences.org)
  • Western blot analysis - Protein down-regulation is required in most cases for gene KD studies which can be assessed by western blot analysis. (genecopoeia.com)
  • Osteoblast mainly originates from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and it is involved in bone formation, remodeling, and reconstruction via the formation of a bone matrix and regulation of bone resorption ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • All these results support the idea that tRNA abundance is tightly controlled in the cell and this is reflected in a regulation of the protein synthesis in the ribosome. (europa.eu)
  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important modulators of biology and inhibition of protein lipidation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of parasitic diseases. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Taking advantage of this functional program in developing biology, it provides been shown that heterogeneity in pluripotent cells rely on cell routine levels10 mainly. (ecolowood.com)
  • Detailed characterization of cell type transitions is essential for cell biology in general and particularly for the development of stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. (nature.com)
  • Understanding transitions from one cell type or state to another is in the focus of modern molecular biology. (nature.com)
  • Demonstrating that the tRNA pool in the cell is adaptable will add a new regulatory level with important implications in cell biology. (europa.eu)
  • Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has recently become very popular in the field of synthetic biology due to its numerous advantages. (jove.com)
  • In addition, to allow manipulating the levels of endogenous proteins at will, we introduce a novel approach to render already existing GFP (trap) lines amenable to auxin-dependent degradation by simple ectopic expression of a degradation cassette using human cells and zebrafish as a proofs of principle. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • qRT-PCR - Targeting of the corresponding mRNA by a shRNA expression cassette leads to cleavage and degradation of the mRNA and possible subsequent reduction of protein expression. (genecopoeia.com)
  • The destruction of the target gene mRNA by targeting shRNA results in the degradation of the reporter gene and, therefore, translation reduction of reporter protein enzyme. (genecopoeia.com)
  • In general, proteins regulate their activity by changes in either expression or structure, the latter is often triggered by post-translational modifications (PTMs) 5 . (nature.com)
  • Our work aims to investigate whether the processes that regulate the tRNA availability in the cell are specific and how they can affect protein translation and directly impact cell fitness. (europa.eu)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • E2 expression was measured by RT-qPCR and its biological activity was evaluated using a reporter gene. (elis.sk)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that the viral protein HPV16 E2 upregulates TAF1 expression. (elis.sk)
  • This suggests that E2's expression promotes a transcriptionally-favorable cellular environment that allows HPV to successfully complete its replication cycle. (elis.sk)
  • Alternatively, the cells themselves may be engineered to tie the expression of a protein of interest to a reporter such as Green Fluorescent Protein ( GFP ). (biolegend.com)
  • The same way, GFP (or other fluorescent reporter) expression can be assessed through a quick run on this instrument in order to optimize cell sorting scheduling. (epfl.ch)
  • Cell cultures have played a critical role in modern infectious disease research, particularly in the area of viruses and the expression of viral gene products," Bloom says. (the-scientist.com)
  • In this report, we investigated the mechanism by which perifosine induces p21(waf1/cip1) protein expression. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • In the present study, the potential mechanism of PIG3 participation in the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation (IR) was investigated in multiple cell lines with depleted expression of PIG3 transiently or stably by the small interference RNA and lentivirus-mediated shRNA expression strategies. (ijbs.com)
  • Re-expression of PIG3 effectively rescued the depression of DNA-PKcs in PIG3-depleted cells. (ijbs.com)
  • However, a compensatory feedback of increased mRNA expression of DNA-PKcs was formed in PIG3-depleted cells after a few passages or cell cycles of subculture, which led the recovery of the DNA-PKcs protein level and the consequent recovered efficiency of the DNA damage response. (ijbs.com)
  • The expression of BRCA2 gene is silenced at the G0/G1 phase of cell growth and is de-silenced at the S/G2 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the G0/G1 growth phase ZAR2 is predominantly located inside the nucleus of the breast cells, binds to the BRCA2 promoter and inhibits the expression of BRCA2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subcellular location of ZAR2 and its expression from the reverse promoter of the BRCA2 gene are stringently regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To systematically study such transitions, we introduce a method that simultaneously measures protein expression and thermal stability changes in cells and provide the web-based visualization tool ProteoTracker. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: Protein thermal stability and expression changes in cell-type transitions. (nature.com)
  • b Cells were collected and heated in a narrow temperature range, with one sample incubated at 37 °C for expression measurements, protein aggregates were eliminated by ultracentrifugation and the soluble proteins were digested. (nature.com)
  • Western blot was utilized to assess the effect of miR-183 on PTEN protein expression. (nature.com)
  • Protein diffusion in living cells is effectively measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), a fluctuation-based approach that allows to carry out measurements at a physiological protein expression level. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Thus, E1 protein expression will be confined strictly to the prostate tissues and render this a conditional oncolytic virus (CRAD) within the prostate. (hindawi.com)
  • By using an expression vector, a 680 bp PSA promoter isolated from a prostate cancer patient demonstrated the prostate-specific expression of the reporter gene [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • With this aim, new genomic and proteomic approaches have been used and the expression of the most relevant gene products has analyzed, as well as their activity, molecular characteristics and cell localization by using a broad panel of molecular, biochemical and cell methods available. (ugr.es)
  • MiR-211-5p upregulation by its mimic increased Arhgap11a expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Methods The miR-224-5p expression in CRC patient tissues and cell-derived exosomes was measured by laser capture microdissection and qRT-PCR, respectively. (besjournal.com)
  • Expression of DCT was absent or barely detected in retina tissues, various human ocular cells, and major organs. (molvis.org)
  • This is a fast, easy, and direct approach for expression in cell-free protein synthesis systems using linear DNA templates. (jove.com)
  • All these strategies cost extra time and resources and are yet to obtain near-plasmid levels of protein expression. (jove.com)
  • This method is able to achieve protein expression levels comparable to that from plasmid DNA in E. coli CFPS. (jove.com)
  • Specifically, R-Smads are phosphorylated in the nucleus at the linker domain by CDK8 and 9, and these phosphorylations modulate the interaction of Smad proteins with transcriptional activators and repressors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The "self"-protein albumin in mouse airway fluid was uniquely modified by GSH-MDI at position 414K, a preferred site of MDI reactivity on human albumin. (cdc.gov)
  • Although multiple kidney cell lines from monkeys were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, we found many cell types derived from humans, dogs, minks, cats, mice, and chicken were not. (cdc.gov)
  • Given the limitations of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function, different urinary and serum proteins, molecules, and, most recently, microRNAs have been rigorously investigated over the past decade as possible biomarkers for kidney disease. (medscape.com)
  • For my first research project, our team looked at how different loading methods affect the metabolism of the foreign molecules inside cells. (trincoll.edu)
  • This project helped us to compare the three loading methods and see how each method affected the metabolism of foreign molecules that we were trying to load in the cells. (trincoll.edu)
  • Cell metabolism, therefore, is often described as the metabolic reactions in one generic cell, without a specified cell origin or identity. (wiley.com)
  • Researchers also use cells as biological test tubes to grow viral stocks. (the-scientist.com)
  • Moreover, they infect cells with viruses, or express individual viral proteins, to follow the virus's actions and the host cell response. (the-scientist.com)
  • Lentiviral and non-viral vector options allow the transfection or transduction of shRNA into difficult-to-transfect cells as well as more conventional cell lines. (genecopoeia.com)
  • J-H Lee et al also have provided the first evidence showing that PIG3 is closely associated with the induction and maintenance of the phosphorylation of H2AX and some other DDR proteins after DNA damage induced by NCS ( 8 ). (ijbs.com)
  • Bioinformatic analysis consisted in the generation of alignments with the retrieved sequences among themselves and also using heterologous sequences of interest, the generation of phylogenetic trees, the prediction of secondary and 3-D structures of the encoded proteins, their cell localization and their potential posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, potential S-nitrosylation, acetylation, miristoylation or palmitoylation, as well as potential excisions. (ugr.es)
  • We have shown previously that perifosine induces p21(waf1/cip1) in a p53-independent fashion and that induction of p21(waf1/cip1) is required for the perifosine-induced cell cycle arrest because cell lines lacking p21(waf1/cip1) are refractory to perifosine. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • The mitotic reorganization of the Golgi is accompanied by a temporary block in Golgi functioning, as protein transport in and out of the Golgi stops. (biologists.com)
  • Here, we investigated this dichotomy in vivo by examining two cell types in the developing Caenorhabditis elegans somatic gonad that derive from equipotent progenitors, but exhibit distinct cell behaviors: the post-mitotic, invasive anchor cell and the neighboring proliferative, non-invasive ventral uterine (VU) cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • We have previously shown that p27(Xic1) is expressed in the cells of the neural plate as they become post-mitotic (Development 127 (2000) 1303). (xenbase.org)
  • Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is an essential mitotic kinesin that is required for efficient, stable microtubule capture at kinetochores. (rupress.org)
  • It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
  • The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
  • Chromosome region maintenance protein1 (CRM1) mediates protein export from the nucleus and is a new target for anti-cancer therapeutics. (confex.com)
  • CRISPRi genetic interaction analysis revealed Retro-2 activity resembles disruption of the transmembrane domain recognition complex (TRC) pathway, which mediates post-translational ER-targeting and insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins, including SNAREs required for retrograde transport. (elifesciences.org)
  • Sequence similarities and secondary structure predictions indicate that Pds5 consists of tandemly repeated HEAT repeats, and might therefore function as a protein-protein interaction scaffold, possibly in the cohesin-DNA complex assembly. (nih.gov)
  • This investigation is important, because research on live cells requires loading the cells with foreign molecules, but the effects of the different loading methods on experimental results is poorly understood. (trincoll.edu)
  • Cells display a complex network of antioxidants, composed by both enzymes and non-enzymatic molecules preventing excessive accumulation of ROS which may cause damage to biomolecules. (ugr.es)
  • Together, our work explains how Retro-2 prevents retrograde trafficking of toxins by inhibiting TA-protein targeting, describes a general CRISPR strategy for predicting the MOA of small molecules, and paves the way for drugging the TRC pathway to treat broad classes of viruses known to be inhibited by Retro-2. (elifesciences.org)
  • Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox function significantly reduced NFĸB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA and survivin protein levels. (oncotarget.com)
  • Given the high frequency of DDX5 amplification in breast cancer, our results highlight DDX5 as a promising candidate for targeted therapy of breast tumors with DDX5 amplification, and indeed we show that DDX5 inhibition sensitizes a subset of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This work aimed to uncover new regulatory mechanisms in the cell that may have broad impact in the understanding of how protein synthesis is regulated. (europa.eu)
  • As tRNAs are used as building blocks to synthesize new proteins, these changes in tRNA abundance have an impact in protein synthesis, both in initiation and elongation. (europa.eu)
  • By using GFP reporters, we confirmed that tRNA changes impact to protein synthesis and thereby should be considered as a new regulatory layer in the cell. (europa.eu)
  • Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems are increasingly being used as a fast, simple, and efficient method for biosensor engineering, decentralized manufacturing, and prototyping of genetic circuits 1 . (jove.com)
  • Transcriptional activation of p21(waf1/cip1) by alkylphospholipids: role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the transactivation of the human p21(waf1/cip1) promoter by Sp1. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • While studying the activity of BRCA2 gene promoter in breast cancer cells, we discovered that this promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter at the G0/G1 phase of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This promoter is 8-20 fold more active in the reverse orientation than in the forward orientation when the cells are in the non-dividing stage (G0/G1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the cells are in the dividing state (S/G 2 ), the forward activity of the promoter is 5-8 folds higher than the reverse activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells destroy many endocytosed pathogens by targeting them to the lysosome. (elifesciences.org)
  • An choice approach utilized is certainly the make use of of a neon substrate for an enzyme, like aldehyde dehydrogenase1, which provides given a brand-new dimension to stem cell therapy and research. (ecolowood.com)
  • 02:32 what makes us Ella stem cell? (yale.edu)
  • At the epicenter of this dynamic and complex TME lies the cancer stem cell (CSC), which is believed to be the root of the tumor and the cell responsible for chemoresistance and disease relapse. (mdpi.com)
  • Cell Stem Cell. (lu.se)
  • Stem Cell Res Ther. (lu.se)
  • Broader application of KPT-330 (selinexor), a first in class CRM1 inhibitor recently approved for multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), has been limited by substantial adverse effects (AEs). (confex.com)
  • 2003), Depletion of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27(Xic1). (xenbase.org)
  • Depletion of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 ( Xic1 ) impairs neuronal differentiation and increases the number of ElrC (+) progenitor cells in Xenopus tropicalis. (xenbase.org)
  • Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and fibroblasts from chick embryos are also a good bet, says Richard Condit , an emeritus professor at the University of Florida in Gainesville. (the-scientist.com)
  • Simultaneous immunoassay of phosphorylated proteins based on apoferritin templated metallic phosphates as voltammetrically distinguishable signal reporters. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, specific inhibitors targeting proteins of the PI3K/AKT pathway are now being evaluated in clinical trials as a new approach against breast cancer 14 . (nature.com)
  • By using cell lines belonging to different hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, we demonstrated ex vivo that the combination of KPT-330 and CS (K+CS) could induce unique and significant antitumor effect at much lower dose of KPT-330 (at 25% of the dose used in the clinic), thereby potentially mitigating prohibitive clinical AEs (Figure 1a-d, and e-g) . (confex.com)
  • This significant synergetic antitumor effect observed with K+CS ex vivo was also validated in vivo by using an NSG mouse model of mantle cell lymphoma (Figure 1h) . (confex.com)
  • Moreover, the K+CS combination did not show this potent toxic effect on non-malignant cells in vivo and was safe without inducing toxicity to normal organs in NSG mice. (confex.com)
  • Crucially for virologists, cell lines tend to mount an abnormal immune response, so they may not defend themselves against viruses as cells would in vivo. (the-scientist.com)
  • Primary cells look and act more like cells in vivo, but have their own complications. (the-scientist.com)
  • To investigate whether p27(Xic1) is necessary for cell cycle exit and/or neuronal differentiation, we used antisense morpholino oligos (MO) to knockdown the protein levels in vivo. (xenbase.org)
  • For cells synthetically endowed with new modules or circuits, measuring their properties via relevant fluorescent reporters helps to characterize the effects of these modifications and to optimize the synthetic constructs. (uni-marburg.de)
  • This study aimed to find out more candidate miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured and incubated in the osteogenic differentiation medium for 14 days. (frontiersin.org)
  • There were 7 overlapped miRNA-mRNA pairs identified during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, including mmu-miR-204-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-211-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-24-3p-H2afx, mmu-miR-3470b-Chek2, mmu-miR-3470b-Dlgap5, mmu-miR-466b-3p-Chek1, and mmu-miR-466c-3p-Chek1. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our study characterizes miR-211-5p targeting Arhgap11a promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, which provides novel targets to promote the osteogenesis process during bone repair. (frontiersin.org)
  • The mutations of BRCA2 gene predispose the cells towards neoplastic development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Even though flowcytometry is usually a powerful tool that helps to purify a cell type based on markers, its application is usually limited to cell surface proteins, since the detection is usually mainly based on antibodies. (ecolowood.com)
  • Live sorting of cells using antibody for internal markers is usually not really feasible because permeabilization is certainly needed for antibody to detect inner elements. (ecolowood.com)
  • PIG3 is highly homologous to NADPH oxidoreductase TED2 in plants and zeta-Crystalline in mammalian cells, and is considered as a proapoptosis marker. (ijbs.com)
  • The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone Gla protein (BGP) content were detected by micronutrient enzymes standard method and ELISA. (fluoridealert.org)
  • It is generally assumed that unless they are genetically aberrant, normal cells are equipped with common metabolic machinery (i.e., transporters and enzymes) to cope with the changing nutritional environment. (wiley.com)
  • Historically, they have been known because of their accumulation as a consequence of different stresses, even triggering cell damage. (ugr.es)
  • Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • In this report, a lentiviral system was used to express the HPV16 E2 gene in the HPV-negative C-33A cell line for several weeks. (elis.sk)
  • Embryonic control (Ha sido) cells in early G1 stage differentiate to endoderm and mesoderm, and past due G1 cells differentiate to neuroectoderm, while G2/T/Meters cells perform not really react to difference indicators11. (ecolowood.com)
  • Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily, which are critically important for regulating cell development and growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • These processes are regulated by a large number of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine hormones and growth factors that, to a large part, act on chondrocyte cell surface receptors. (biomedcentral.com)