Replication genes rna. Medical search. Frequent questions

Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
The gene-silencer in question is Argonaute 2, a molecular machine in cells that can grab and destroy the RNA transcripts of specific genes, preventing them from being translated into proteins. (scripps.edu)
Argonaute 2 and other Argonaute proteins regulate the influence of about a third of the genes found in humans and other mammals-and thus are among the most important modulators of our cells' day-to-day activities. (scripps.edu)
they are taken up by Argonaute proteins as guide RNAs and lead to the silencing of targeted gene transcripts. (scripps.edu)
During Adv DNA replication, host cellular proteins such as nuclear factor I and POU2F1 are used by Adv [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Finally, anti-HIV RNA decoys that aim to titrate out early essential viral replication proteins Tat and Rev are constructed. (ca.gov)
This gene encodes a member of the 2-5A synthetase family, essential proteins involved in the innate immune response to viral infection. (thermofisher.com)
This was followed-up in his post-doctoral research at UC Santa Cruz (1996-2001) where he was awarded the prestigious Human Frontier Science Program fellowship and published breakthrough work characterizing the key RNA sequences and the cellular proteins that modulate the alternative splicing of the HIV-1 messenger RNA (mRNA). (fau.edu)
During his tenure at FAU, Dr. Caputi has developed novel techniques to study RNA - RNA binding proteins interactions and made important contributions to our understanding of how cellular proteins modulate the replication of the HIV-1 genome. (fau.edu)
His work on RNA binding proteins and SRSF1 has been continuously funded by the NIH and has recently expanded to the study of the role played by multiple RNA binding proteins on cellular gene transcription and T cell development and functions. (fau.edu)
These thermosensors are part of a regulatory network, such as the production of heat shock proteins mediated by sigma factor 32 (RpoH) in Escherichia coli or the transcriptional repressor of heat-shock genes HrcA in Bacillus subtilis (Hecker et al. (springer.com)
Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
all genes associated with this syndrome (ie, DKC1 , TERT, TERC, NOP10 ) encode proteins in the telomerase complex responsible for maintaining telomeres at the ends of chromosomes regarding shortening length, protection, and replication. (medscape.com)
Genes vary in size, depending on the sizes of the proteins or RNA for which they code. (msdmanuals.com)

We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
Therefore, there is an interest to develop a curative tool that could help to control the virus replication when animals are newly infected or are at high risk to become infected in the next days. (europa.eu)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)

RNA editing in mRNAs effectively alters the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein so that it differs from that predicted by the genomic DNA sequence. (wikipedia.org)
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
Our results resolve the outstanding question of how hybrids in native genomic contexts interact with replication to cause mutagenesis and shape genome organization. (biorxiv.org)
Problems that arise during DNA replication can drive genomic alterations that are instrumental in the development of cancers and many human genetic disorders. (elifesciences.org)
A DNA polymerase with reverse transcriptase activity: Genomic replication takes place through an intermediate RNA known as pregenomic RNA. (medscape.com)
7527 /organism="Norovirus GIV" /mol_type="genomic RNA" /strain="Hu/GIV.1/LakeMacquarie/NSW268O/2010/AU" /host="Homo sapiens" /db_xref="taxon:262897" /country="Australia" /collection_date="Dec-2010" /genotype="GIV.1" 5'UTR 1. (cdc.gov)

Fig. 2: Mutations at the interface of the FluPol A dimer inhibit cRNA to vRNA replication. (nature.com)
Mutations in several genes can cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in any of these genes are believed to result the absence or abnormal functioning of the respective nuclease enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
Argonautes' gene-silencing functions also help cells cope with rogue genetic activity from invading viruses or cancer-promoting DNA mutations. (scripps.edu)
We are investigating the impact of specific classes of gene mutations, such as ATM, BRCA1, and MYBL2 on genome integrity. (birmingham.ac.uk)
The study findings reveal that mutations in the viral spike protein and RNA polymerase complex can increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality. (news-medical.net)
The frequent mutations in immune receptor genes (HVEM, BTLA, EPHA7, beta-2 micro-globulin) that control lymphoma cell growth and shape the local immune environment. (mskcc.org)
ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
In the autosomal dominant form, mutations in the RNA component of telomerase ( TERC ) or telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) are responsible for disease phenotype. (medscape.com)
In the presence of functional DNA replication, RTEL1 mutations produce a large amount of extrachromosomal T-circles. (medscape.com)
therefore, mutations on this gene cause both telomeric and nontelomeric causes of DKC. (medscape.com)
Analysis of 270 families in the DKC registry found that mutations in dyskerin ( DKC1 ), TERT , and TERC only account for 64% of patients, with an additional 1% due to NOP10 , suggesting that other genes associated with this syndrome are, as yet, unidentified. (medscape.com)
In addition to the mutations that directly effect telomere length, recent studies also indicate that a DKC diagnosis should not be based solely on the length of the telomere, but also the fact that there are defects in telomere replication and protection. (medscape.com)

Most of the RNA modifications are found on transfer-RNA and ribosomal-RNA, but also eukaryotic mRNA has been shown to be modified with multiple different modifications. (wikipedia.org)
Certain modifications like 2'O-methylated nucleotides has been associated with cells ability to distinguish own mRNA from foreign RNA. (wikipedia.org)
It has also been implicated in translational control of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, human papillomavirus type 16 L2 mRNA, and hepatitis A virus RNA. (nih.gov)
This multiexon structural mRNA is thought to be retrotransposed to generate PCBP-1, an intronless gene with functions similar to that of PCBP2. (nih.gov)
Cells can inhibit the expression of intrinsic or foreign genes at the mRNA level by RNA interference. (europa.eu)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates a biochemical machinery into the cell which degrades those mRNA molecules with a genetic code complementary to that of the dsRNA. (europa.eu)
When such mRNA molecules disappear, no protein is made and the corresponding gene is silenced. (europa.eu)
Such silencing RNA molecules can be introduced into the cell and activate the RNA interference machinery to silence the complementary mRNA sequence. (europa.eu)
After transcription, the shRNA is processed into active 21-nucleotides RNAs by a cellular enzyme called Dicer, and it recognises and destroys the viral mRNA target. (europa.eu)

BACKGROUND: The hemochromatosis gene (HFE)-Hemochromatosis Hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by regulating the synthesis of hepcidine, resulting in increased intake of intestinal iron. (genprofiling.com)
We use a combination of cell-based and in vitro assays to show that the interface of the FluPol A dimer is required for vRNA synthesis during replication of the viral genome. (nature.com)
Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

Mammalian parental imprinting represents an exquisite form of epigenetic control regulating the parent-specific monoallelic expression of genes in clusters. (nature.com)
This determined how hierarchical interactions between regulatory elements orchestrate robust parent-specific expression, with implications for non-imprinted gene regulation. (nature.com)
Our work indicates that parental origin of an epigenetic state is irrelevant as long as appropriate balanced gene expression is established and maintained at imprinted loci. (nature.com)
Yet, the intricate form of epigenetic control over the parent-specific expression of multiple genes in an imprinted cluster poses difficulties when trying to decipher the relative contribution of changes in imprinted gene dosage to the resulting physiological phenotypes. (nature.com)
RNA-Seq is a widely used technology that allows an efficient genome-wide quantification of gene expressions for, for example, differential expression (DE) analysis. (frontiersin.org)
It has become a prevalent technology, allowing an efficient genome-wide relative quantification of gene expression and, in particular, it is the method of choice to find differentially expressed genes between two or more biological conditions of interest. (frontiersin.org)
During ectodermal development, multipotent stem cells establish distinct programs of gene expression underlying their differentiation into distinct types of skin appendages, such as hair follicles, nails, or ectodermal glands. (hstalks.com)
We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
Gene expression patterns, assayed by RNA sequencing, show that tethering induces global supercoiling changes, which are likely incompatible with replication initiation. (nih.gov)
Also, viral infection has proved to have a great impact on cellular small RNA expression and gene expression [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Small RNAs include microRNA (miRNA), siRNA, tRFs, piRNA, and rasiRNAs, which regulate gene expression in a wide range of processes such as viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)
miRNAs regulate gene expression in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes such as in immune response and viral replication [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Correct timing of gene expression as controlled by the epigenome is critical to produce a functioning organism. (carnivorousplants.org)
We demonstrated persistent expression of each anti-HIV RNAs in CEM T cell lines that stably integrate the transgene. (ca.gov)
Interestingly, cells with optimal level of small RNA expression to effectively inhibit viral replication were enriched under the selective pressure of HIV, demonstrating the importance of balancing expression and functionality for successful gene therapy applications. (ca.gov)
Abstract Combinational therapy with small RNA inhibitory agents against multiple viral targets allows efficient inhibition of viral production by controlling gene expression at critical time points. (ca.gov)
2017) Tat is a multifunctional viral protein that modulates cellular gene expression and functions. (fau.edu)
2015) SRSF1 inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression. (fau.edu)
Cancer cell behavior reflects changes in gene expression that are controlled by epigenetic factors (e.g. (mskcc.org)
The lectures will cover the organisation and major features of the human genome, such as replication, gene expression, epigenetics and the role of non-coding RNA. (ntnu.no)
Consequently, bacteria have developed different systems to sense changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and induce an adaptation of metabolism and gene expression. (springer.com)
Whether and how a gene is expressed is determined by a complex interaction of multiple factors including genotype, gene expression, environmental factors (including illnesses and diet), and other factors, some of which are unknown. (msdmanuals.com)
Molecular mechanisms for regulation of gene expression at different levels: remodeling of chromatin, initiation of transcription, nuclear transport and signalling, and RNA interference. (lu.se)
Methods for analysis of gene expression: microarray, hybridisation, promoter analyses. (lu.se)
Principles for regulation of gene expression through intercellular signalling. (lu.se)
Strategies for gene therapy and production of medicines via genetically-modified organisms (expression vectors and viral vectors). (lu.se)

While imprinting perturbations are widely associated with developmental abnormalities, the intricate regional interplay between imprinted genes makes interpreting the contribution of gene dosage effects to phenotypes a challenging task. (nature.com)
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)

To identify diverse post-transcriptional modifications of RNA molecules and determine the transcriptome-wide landscape of RNA modifications by means of next generation RNA sequencing, recently many studies have developed conventional or specialised sequencing methods. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, mass spectrometry allows the investigation of modification dynamics by labelling RNA molecules with stable (non-radioactive) heavy isotopes in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Several of these genes, the TREX1 , RNASEH2A , RNASEH2B , and RNASEH2C genes, provide instructions for making nucleases, which are enzymes that help break down molecules of DNA and its chemical cousin RNA when they are no longer needed. (medlineplus.gov)
RNAi is activated when RNA molecules occur as double-stranded pairs in the cell. (europa.eu)
RNA interference can be induced by synthetic short double-stranded RNA molecules containing around 21-25 nucleotides (short interfering RNAs - siRNAs). (europa.eu)
These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in viral RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. (thermofisher.com)
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is an RNA virus that was discovered in 1977 and is structurally unrelated to the hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. (medscape.com)
He has interests in understanding how viruses can manipulate plant defence mechanisms and nucleolar machinery to facilitate replication and spread. (aab.org.uk)
His lab uses cell biology, including RNA in vivo imaging, molecular biology and biochemistry to investigate the mechanisms by which plant viruses spread through their host via intercellular nano-channels (plasmodesmata). (aab.org.uk)
Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
Some viruses, for example, produce decoy target RNAs that virtually nullify the activity of the corresponding miRNAs, seemingly by destabilizing the miRNA-Argonaute pairing. (scripps.edu)
They are targeting the messenger RNA of the nucleoprotein gene of these viruses, then blocking the virus multiplication process. (europa.eu)
Coronaviruses are positive-strand, enveloped RNA viruses that are important pathogens of mammals and birds. (nhbs.com)
Surprisingly, RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV2 also depend on host cell eIF4A and we found that inhibitors can block viral replication. (mskcc.org)
Systemic treatment with corticosteroids is contraindicated for the severe pneumonia caused by viruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, as steroids suppress the innate immune system, resulting in increased viral replication. (biorxiv.org)
Respiratory droplet (RD) transmission of influenza viruses requires efficient replication and release of infectious influenza particles into the air. (cdc.gov)
We evaluated the pH1N1 and its precursor viruses in a ferret model to determine the contribution of different viral gene segments on the release of influenza virus particles into the air and on the transmissibility of the pH1N1 virus. (cdc.gov)
All viruses replicated well in the upper respiratory tract of infected ferrets, suggesting that factors other than viral replication are important for the release of influenza virus particles and transmission. (cdc.gov)
We have demonstrated that the viruses are released into exhaled air to varying degrees and a constellation of genes influences the transmissibility of the pH1N1 virus. (cdc.gov)

This represents the first efficacious example of combining Drosha-processed siRNAs with small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP)-processed nucleolar RNA chimeras from a single intron platform for effective inhibition of viral replication. (ca.gov)

RNA editing (also RNA modification) is a molecular process through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within an RNA molecule after it has been generated by RNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
Across all cells, hybrids accumulate most strongly in non-coding RNAs and 5′-UTRs of coding sequences. (biorxiv.org)
During this Marie Curie action, we have identified siRNA sequences capable of inhibiting more than 90 % of the replication of PPRV and RPV in infected cell cultures. (europa.eu)
Furthermore, to facilitate the transfer of the functional interfering RNA sequences to infected animals, we have constructed a recombinant DNA viral vector commonly used as a vaccine. (europa.eu)
With this adenovirus vector, an active siRNA sequences (N1-PPRV) was transcribed into the infected cells as a short hairpin RNA precursor (shRNA, with approximately 50 nt). (europa.eu)
The third class of thermosensing is based on the temperature-dependent conformation of specific RNA sequences, which are termed RNA-thermometer (RNAT). (springer.com)

Mammalian parental imprinting is a form of epigenetic regulation that causes genes to be expressed from only one chromosome homolog according to parent-of-origin 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Epigenetic and RNA-mediated mechanisms. (lu.se)

First, a full-length functional ZIKV cDNA clone was engineered as a bacterial artificial chromosome, with each reporter gene under the cap-independent translational control of a cardiovirus-derived internal ribosome entry site inserted downstream of the single open reading frame of the viral genome. (mdpi.com)
Although it has been recognized for several decades that chromosome structure regulates the capacity of replication origins to initiate, very little is known about how or if cells actively regulate structure to direct initiation. (nih.gov)
We report that a localized inducible protein tether between the chromosome and cell membrane in E. coli cells imparts a rapid and complete block to replication initiation. (nih.gov)
Parallels between tether-induced initiation blocking and rifampicin treatment and the role of programmed changes in chromosome structure in replication control are discussed. (nih.gov)
Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at multiple origin sites along each chromosome and terminates when replication forks (RFs) from adjacent origins converge. (elifesciences.org)
The three known members of this gene family are located in a cluster on chromosome 12. (thermofisher.com)
A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)

The neuraminidase (NA) gene encodes the other surface protein of the virus. (cdc.gov)
While each DNA blueprint, or gene, encodes for a different machine or structure, the genome, the collection of DNA wrapped up inside the nucleus, is much more active than a quiet library of neatly stacked blue-prints. (birmingham.ac.uk)
HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
In the X-linked recessive form, the gene defect lies in the DKC1 gene (located at Xq28), which encodes for the protein dyskerin. (medscape.com)
Another gene implicated in DKC, TINF2 , encodes a key component of the protein shelterin, which plays a role in telomere homeostasis. (medscape.com)

DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
Presentation: Translation initiation from non-AUG codons plays important roles in various gene regulation programs. (k-state.edu)
In bacteria, GUG initiation is an integral part of an RNA switch regulating replication protein of plasmids. (k-state.edu)
Tether-induced initiation blocking has no effect on elongation at pre-existing replication forks and does not cause cell or DNA damage. (nih.gov)

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)

Within this library, ciclesonide, an inhaled corticosteroid, suppressed human coronavirus replication in cultured cells, but did not suppress replication of respiratory syncytial virus or influenza virus. (biorxiv.org)
Steroid compounds, which are expected to have dual functions in blocking both coronavirus replication and host inflammation, were screened from a chemical library. (biorxiv.org)

Small RNAs are important regulators that modulate development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of organisms [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
HLA class II genes modulate vaccine-induced antibody responses to affect HIV-1 acquisition. (cdc.gov)

RNA editing may include the insertion, deletion, and base substitution of nucleotides within the RNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
This information can be copied to another DNA molecule by replication, or into RNA by transcription. (acs.org)
DNA contains the code, or blueprint, used to synthesize a protein or a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)

His doctoral and post-doctoral work focused on the mechanisms that control the splicing of eukaryotic genes. (fau.edu)

Recently, functional experiments have revealed many novel functional roles of RNA modifications. (wikipedia.org)
In other words, the same genome in multipotent stem cell has to be reorganized towards establishing distinct lineage specific patterns of gene activation and silencing, or maybe transcriptional bar codes to achieve structural and functional diversity in differentiated cells. (hstalks.com)

Our study provides high-resolution structures of medically relevant FluPol A , as well as insights into the replication mechanisms of the viral RNA genome. (nature.com)
Our research is defining the normal mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, with the aim of understanding how it is deregulated in cancer cells. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)

2015) The SRSF1 RNA Recognition Motifs of are strong inhibitors of HIV-1 replication. (fau.edu)

The strategy is based on the RNA interference (RNAi), a process which has been the winning research of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006. (europa.eu)
RNA interference occurs in plants, animals, and humans and it is already being used as a method to study the function of genes and as a defence strategy against diseases. (europa.eu)

Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology is divided into two sections: Part I focuses on the molecular biology of the virus itself and includes topics such as coronavirus binding and entry, replicase gene function, cis-acting RNA elements, coronavirus discontinuous transcription, reverse genetics, genome packaging and molecular evolution. (nhbs.com)

One class of such RNA agents is small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that mediate viral message degradation with perfect base pairing to the target. (ca.gov)
Moreover, combinations with small RNAs capable of turning over multiple target substrates, such as siRNAs and ribozymes, showed greater inhibition to HIV replication in a one-month challenge assay. (ca.gov)
We demonstrate the versatility of the MCM7 platform in expressing and efficiently processing the siRNAs as miRNA mimics along with nucleolar small RNAs. (ca.gov)

A key feature of these decoy target RNAs is that they make an almost perfect complementary match to the miRNAs-especially at one end of the miRNAs, known as the three-prime or 3' end. (scripps.edu)

For example, before it starts a search-and-destroy mission against a specific type of target RNA, an Argonaute 2 protein takes on board a target-recognition device: a short length of "guide RNA," also known as a microRNA (miRNA). (scripps.edu)
In this current study, we utilized an endogenous microRNA (miRNA) cluster as a platform to express multiple anti-HIV small RNAs. (ca.gov)

It occurs in all living organisms and is one of the most evolutionarily conserved properties of RNAs. (wikipedia.org)
RNA editing occurs in the cell nucleus, as well as within mitochondria and plastids. (wikipedia.org)
the processing of the DNA damage replication erro r (Shaughnessy and When DNA damage occurs, the by the cel , which may or may not DeMarini, 2009 ). (who.int)

RNA:DNA hybrids such as R-loops affect genome integrity and DNA replication fork progression. (biorxiv.org)
Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. (mdpi.com)

Endogenous MCM7 MicroRNA Cluster as a Novel Platform to Multiplex Small Interfering and Nucleolar RNAs for Combinational HIV-1 Gene Therapy. (ca.gov)

Potential host target genes were predicated and validated by qRT-PCR to study the impact of microRNAs on the host genes. (hindawi.com)
HBV-X protein: This acts as a transcriptional transactivator for many viral and host genes through interaction with various transcription factors. (medscape.com)

Application of these methods have identified various modifications (e.g. pseudouridine, m6A, m5C, 2′-O-Me) within coding genes and non-coding genes (e.g. tRNA, lncRNAs, microRNAs) at single nucleotide or very high resolution. (wikipedia.org)

RNA-editing processes show great molecular diversity, and some appear to be evolutionarily recent acquisitions that arose independently. (wikipedia.org)
copying (replication) of cells' genetic material in preparation for cell division, DNA repair, cell death (apoptosis), and other processes. (medlineplus.gov)
Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes. (yeastgenome.org)
Learning to control natural gene silencing processes will allow an entirely new approach to treating human disease," said Ian J. MacRae, associate professor in TSRI's Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and principal investigator for the study, which appears as the cover story in the May 9, 2013 issue of the journal Molecular Cell . (scripps.edu)
We examine the impact that processes such as transcription and replication have on genome stability. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Furthermore, three of the combinatorial constructs tested potently suppressed viral replication during a 1-month HIV challenge, with greater than 5-log inhibition compared with untransduced, HIV-1-infected CEM T lymphocytes. (ca.gov)
The combinations of si/snoRNAs represent a new paradigm for combinatorial RNA-based gene therapy applications. (ca.gov)
The impact of HIV-1 genetic diversity on the efficacy of a combinatorial RNAi-based gene therapy. (cdc.gov)

Pseudouridylation of nonsense codons suppresses translation termination both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that RNA modification may provide a new way to expand the genetic code. (wikipedia.org)
RNA then acts as a template to build a protein, a process called translation that relies on a molecular machine called the ribosome. (acs.org)
Abnormal RNA translation in lymphoma and other cancers is required to support tumor growth and key translation factors, such as the eIF4A RNA helicase, drive the translation of oncogenic RNAs such as MYC and others. (mskcc.org)
These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)

Here, we investigate the contributions of RNases HII (RnhB) and HIII (RnhC) to hybrid removal, DNA replication, and mutagenesis genome-wide. (biorxiv.org)

The diversity of RNA editing phenomena includes nucleobase modifications such as cytidine (C) to uridine (U) and adenosine (A) to inosine (I) deaminations, as well as non-template nucleotide additions and insertions. (wikipedia.org)

Together with PCBP-1, this protein also functions as a translational coactivator of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES, promoting poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. (nih.gov)
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. (yeastgenome.org)

Replication fork barriers are a commonly encountered problem, which can cause fork collapse and act as hotspots for replication termination. (elifesciences.org)
However, replication restart is relatively slow and, therefore, replication termination may frequently occur by an active fork converging on a collapsed fork. (elifesciences.org)

The proper copying and repair of DNA to maintain the correct sequence and structure of genomes is critical to the proper function of cells, and repair and replication is frequently disrupted in cancers and targeted by cancer treatments. (birmingham.ac.uk)
We recently discovered new ways the BRCA1 gene functions which could help expand our understanding of the development of ovarian and breast cancers. (birmingham.ac.uk)
A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)

Fig. 4: Nb8205, which binds FluPol A at the dimer interface, inhibits cRNA to vRNA replication and virus growth. (nature.com)

Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Topics covered include cell structure and function, DNA replication and the flow of genetic information, enzyme function, metabolism and physiology of microorganisms, plants, and animals. (sfu.ca)
The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
Gene regulation in developmental biology and the cell cycle. (lu.se)

The encoded protein contains three K-homologous (KH) domains which may be involved in RNA binding. (nih.gov)
Collapsed forks can be rescued by homologous recombination, which restarts replication. (elifesciences.org)

According to the study analysis, the mutation at 12053bp occurred within the open reading frame1ab (ORF1ab) gene. (news-medical.net)
Specifically, the mutation occurred in non-structural protein 7 (NSP7), which mediates the formation of RNA polymerase complex necessary for viral replication and transcription. (news-medical.net)
A recombinant virus with the mutation was also resistant to ciclesonide suppression of viral replication. (biorxiv.org)
In addition, a mutation in the DKC1 gene is also found on exon 15, revealing a duplication, which adds a lysine residue on a polylysine tract on the C-terminus. (medscape.com)
A heterozygous mutation was found on the conserved telomere maintenance component 1 gene ( CTC1 ). (medscape.com)
Some traits are caused by mutated genes that are inherited or that are the result of a new gene mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

In previous A(H5N1) outbreaks and zoonosis the NA stalk region often had deletions (e.g., a 20 amino acid deletion at positions 49-68 relative to A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996) that enhances replication and/or pathogenesis in terrestrial poultry and mice ( 4-6 ). (cdc.gov)

After implantation, a secondary DMR is established at the promoter of the Gtl2 gene, sustaining its repression from the paternal allele. (nature.com)

This so-called recombination-dependent replication (RDR) helps ensure that DNA is fully replicated prior to sister chromatid segregation, thereby avoiding mitotic catastrophes. (elifesciences.org)

Deletion of either rnhB or rnhC triggers RNA:DNA hybrid accumulation, but with distinct patterns of mutagenesis and hybrid accumulation. (biorxiv.org)

The Interplay Between Host Genetic Variation, Viral Replication, and Microbial Translocation in Untreated HIV-Infected Individuals. (cdc.gov)

LOCUS NC_029647 7527 bp RNA linear VRL 09-AUG-2019 DEFINITION Norovirus GIV, complete sequence. (cdc.gov)

Most of the target genes were involved in the MAPK signaling pathway and innate immune response. (hindawi.com)

Additionally, the pleomorphic phenotype of the pH1N1 virus is dependent upon the Eurasian-origin gene segments, suggesting a link between transmission and virus morphology. (cdc.gov)

An application for a French patent entitled 'Interfering RNA targeting the nucleoprotein gene of morbilliviruses' (INPI N°05 13029) was deposited in December 2005 and an extension for an international patent was made one year after (PCT / FR2006 / 002819). (europa.eu)
Targeting the HIV RNA Genome: High-Hanging Fruit Only Needs a Longer Ladder. (cdc.gov)

It can affect the activity, localization as well as stability of RNAs, and has been linked with human diseases. (wikipedia.org)
We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
The study found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 replication in all analyzed human autopsy coronaries regardless of their pathological classification, although viral replication was highest in early-stage lesions that progress to more advanced atherosclerotic plaques. (medscape.com)
Although miRNAs have been examined in Adv type 3-infected human laryngeal epithelial cells and Adv type 2-infected human lung fibroblast cells [ 19 , 20 ], there is no research about small RNA profiling in whole blood of Adv-infected pneumonia children. (hindawi.com)
His doctoral work led to the discovery of splicing silencing elements within the transcripts of human messengers utilizing the fibronectin gene as a model. (fau.edu)

Anatomy17

Organisms32

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes80

Information Science3

Health Care2

Proteins15

Virus Replication3

Genomic6

Mutations13

MRNA9

Synthesis3

Expression26

Phenotypes4

Molecules7

Viruses13

Inhibition of viral replication1

Sequences6

Epigenetic2

Chromosome8

Encodes5

Initiation5

Chromosomes2

Coronavirus Replication2

Modulate2

Molecule4

Eukaryotic1

Functional2

Mechanisms3

Inhibitors1

Interference2

Molecular Biology1

SiRNAs3

Complementary1

MiRNA2

Occurs3

Progression2

Enveloped virus1

MicroRNA1

Host genes2

Single nucleotide1

Processes5

Combinatorial3

Translation4

Genome-wide1

Nucleotide1

Interaction2

Termination2

Cancers3

VRNA1

Cell11

Homologous2

Mutation6

Pathogenesis1

Promoter1

Mitotic1

Deletion1

Genetic Variation1

Sequence1

Signaling pathway1

Phenotype1

Targeting2

Human6