Replication gene expression thymidylate synthase. Medical search. Frequent questions

Impairment of thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis severely diminishes the viability of parasitic protozoa and the absence of enzymatic activities specifically involved in the formation of dTMP (e.g. dUTPase, thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase or thymidine kinase) results in decreased deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) levels and the so-called thymineless death. (eurekaselect.com)

T . equi has lost the putative genes for host cell transformation, or the genes were acquired by T . parva and T . annulata after divergence from T . equi . (biomedcentral.com)
We hypothesized that expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping can identify novel asthma genes by enabling prioritization of putative functional variants for association testing. (blogspot.com)

We also constructed a thymidine producer by deleting the tdk gene and overexpressing the prs , ushA , thyA , dut , and ndk genes from Escherichia coli in strain BSK756, and the resulting strain BSK756T3 accumulated 151.2 mg/L thymidine, showing a 5.2-fold increase compared to the corresponding control strain. (biomedcentral.com)
By introducing specific gene modifications related to guanosine and thymidine accumulation, respectively, we demonstrated that genome-reduced strains had greatly improved properties compared to the wild-type strain as chassis cells for the production of these two products. (biomedcentral.com)

What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
TOP2A (DNA topoisomerase II alpha) gene, mapped to chromosome 17q12-q21, covers approximately 27.5 kb and includes 35 exons, encoding a 170 kDa protein [ 7 ]. (jcancer.org)
Therefore, molecular docking was also used in the present study to simulate the binding of cordycepin with different antibacterial targets, such as β-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase III (FabH), DNA gyrase B and thymidylate kinase, in order to identify the most likely antimicrobial mechanism of cordycepin. (spandidos-publications.com)
1251 orc1%2Fcdc6 family replication initiation protein CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0002 1251. (go.jp)
38678) Cobalamin-independent synthase MetE domain protein CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0044 complement(38683. (go.jp)
The protein products of tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, and tells when to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). (doctorlib.info)

While no other human tumor virus possesses these same genes, other tumor viruses target the same cellular pathways illustrating that at a basic level, all tumor viruses appear to attack the same cellular control pathways, so-called tumor suppressor pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Bone Marrow Wilms Tumor Gene 1 Expression before Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Correlates with Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. (unito.it)
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene therapy targeted by ionizing radiation selectively damages tumor vasculature. (uchicago.edu)
Genetic studies of the families at high risk for developing renal cancer led to the cloning of genes whose alteration results in tumor formation. (medscape.com)
These genes are either tumor suppressors (VHL, TSC) or oncogenes (MET). (medscape.com)
S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
The two main types of genes that are now recognized as playing a role in cancer are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. (doctorlib.info)
P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that codes for a transcription factor that regulates the expression of other genes and arrests the cell cycle. (doctorlib.info)
In the present study, we utilized adenovirus expressing the em NK4 /em gene, which has previously been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth and vascularization in Diflumidone mice [14]. (demotivate.org)

More common are small, subtle changes of the DNA sequence that can alter the structure and function of the proteins encoded by genes. (healthdrugpdf.com)
The genes that encode proteins comprise only a tiny fraction of human DNA, even though they represent the major biological function of the genome. (healthdrugpdf.com)
An educated guess is made regarding the characteristics of a gene involved in HIV resistance (for example only cell-surface proteins will be examined as they may bind HIV). (healthdrugpdf.com)

Often multiple genes are involved in the given biological process as complex as the successful viral infection. (healthdrugpdf.com)
It is important to block the activity of multiple genes to successfully regulate cancer expression because single therapies are extremely rare in cancer care, as they often allow the cancer genome to adapt and become more aggressive. (dunphynunley.com)
This involves DNA damage of multiple genes (6-10). (doctorlib.info)

Inhibition of TS activity was shown to impair HCMV DNA synthesis, demonstrating that TS upregulation is required for efficient HCMV replication in quiescent cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Human cytomegalovirus requires cellular deoxycytidylate deaminase for replication in quiescent cells. (unito.it)

Undergoes hydrolysis in liver and tissues to form the active moiety (fluorouracil), inhibiting thymidylate synthetase, which in turn blocks methylation of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. (medscape.com)

The top 14 hub genes were subsequently confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in ACC and adrenocortical adenoma samples. (cancerindex.org)

We give a new explanation of the well known phenomenon that folate supplementation lowers homocysteine and we show how to use the model to investigate the effects of vitamin deficiencies, gene polymorphisms, and nutrient input changes. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients were genotyped for a panel of 192 tagging polymorphisms in 34 immune-related genes. (frontiersin.org)
As mentioned above, most polymorphisms are irrelevant for the gene function. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Pharmacogenomics has been perceived as a useful tool to predict treatment response as well as clinical prognosis in cancer patients, and numerous studies have suggested the functions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in affecting drug sensitivity by modifying relevant genes [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Consequently, it is necessary to identify functional gene polymorphisms as new biomarkers for accurately predicting clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in NSCLC, which could also reduce the side effects and provide the most cost-effective approach for individuals [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Here we illustrate the ability of human CMV (HCMV) to stimulate cellular thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression in quiescent human embryonic lung fibroblasts. (elsevierpure.com)
TOP2A encodes an enzyme which is implicated in almost any process of DNA metabolism including transcription, replication, movement and untangling [ 3 , 8 , 9 ], which catalyze the passage of two DNA duplexes across each other to resolve the entanglements and coiling of cellular DNA [ 10 ]. (jcancer.org)
The cytotoxic mechanism of platinum is that the agents bind to DNA and form platinum-DNA adducts, which consequently block DNA replication and transcription, resulting in cellular apoptosis and growth inhibition. (hindawi.com)

The increase in TS gene expression was due to an increase in gene transcription, since the expression of a reporter gene driven by the human TS promoter was strongly induced by HCMV infection. (elsevierpure.com)
Our data suggest that HCMV activates human TS gene transcription by mechanisms that independent of E2F and different from those used by MCMV to stimulate the mouse TS promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. (cancerindex.org)
Cell cycle-specific with activity in the S-phase as single agent and has for many years been combined with biochemical modulator leucovorin.Has activity as single agent that inhibits DNA replication and transcription. (medscape.com)

The results not only help the practitioner and patient choose an effective combination of therapies, but also helps them understand which cancer genes (oncogenes) are blocked by which treatments. (dunphynunley.com)

Two most common SNPs of ERCC1 gene are C118T (rs11615) with a C → T substitution at exon 4 and C8092A (rs3212986) with a C→A change in the 3′-untranslated region, both of which have been speculated to regulate the ERCC1 mRNA expression and manage the NER pathway, consequently affecting the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
We verified the mRNA expression change of the potential target genes, which showed that andrographolide noticeably suppressed the increase of CASP1, CCL5, JAK2 and STAT1 post RSV infection. (researchsquare.com)

Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). (biomedcentral.com)

Ren L, Liu J, Gou K, Xing C. Copy number variation and high expression of DNA topoisomerase II alpha predict worse prognosis of cancer: a meta-analysis. (jcancer.org)
SN-38 binds to and stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and prevents the relegation of DNA after it has been cleaved by topoisomerase I, inhibiting DNA replication. (medscape.com)

There are large differences between men and women of child-bearing age in the expression level of 5 key enzymes in one-carbon metabolism almost certainly caused by the sex hormones. (biomedcentral.com)

5-FdUMP inhibits thymidylate synthase (key enzyme in DNA synthesis), which leads to accumulation of dUMP, which then gets misincorporated into the DNA in the form of 5-FdUTP resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function with cytotoxic DNA strandbreaks. (medscape.com)

Large differences are due to loss or gain of entire genes, gene parts as well as sequences that regulate the gene expression. (healthdrugpdf.com)

Control of murine cytomegalovirus replication in salivary glands during acute infection is independent of the Fas ligand/Fas system. (unito.it)
Therefore comparative genomic analysis of T . equi was undertaken to: 1) identify genes contributing to immune evasion and persistence in equid hosts, 2) identify genes involved in PBMC infection biology and 3) define the phylogenetic position of T . equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)

We have shown that these long-range regulatory mechanisms are extremely important for stabilizing important concentrations and reactions (like DNA methylation and cell replication) against large changes in amino acid inputs due to meals and the environmental availability of B-vitamins [ 11 - 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Enhancement of replication of genetically engineered herpes simplex viruses by ionizing radiation: a new paradigm for destruction of therapeutically intractable tumors. (uchicago.edu)
Replication-competent, nonneuroinvasive genetically engineered herpes virus is highly effective in the treatment of therapy-resistant experimental human tumors. (uchicago.edu)
Phenotypic classification classified tumors (either below or above the median expression level) with respect to the folic acid metabolism or DNA repair. (oncotarget.com)

Comparative genomic analysis of T . equi revealed the phylogenetic positioning relative to seven apicomplexan parasites using deduced amino acid sequences from 150 genes placed it as a sister taxon to Theileria spp . (biomedcentral.com)
The Giardia lamblia vsp gene repertoire: characteristics, genomic organization, and evolution. (mbl.edu)
Replication of genomic DNA. (expasy.org)

This gene is localized to chromosome 20 and has pseudogenes which reside on chromosomes 1 and 22. (cancerindex.org)

The viral genome consists of a ~145 kilobase-long unique region, encoding all of expressed viral genes, which is flanked by ~20-30 kilobases of terminal repeat sequences. (wikipedia.org)
The analyzed gene datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. (cancerindex.org)
l -threonine production was increased 2.4-fold when the corresponding gene modifications were introduced into E. coli strain MGF-01 that has a 22 % genome reduction [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, a number of genes identified as potential manipulators of the host cell phenotype are absent from the T . equi genome. (biomedcentral.com)
There is thought to be more than 30,000 genes in the human genome. (healthdrugpdf.com)
This review aims to present an overview of current pharmacogenomic biomarkers and future perspectives of pharmacogenomics in CRC, in an evolving scenario moving from a single drug-gene interactions approach to a more comprehensive genome-wide approach, comprising genomics and epigenetics. (oaepublish.com)
A genome-wide survey of CD4+ lymphocyte regulatory genetic variants identifies novel asthma genes. (blogspot.com)
We evaluated 6706 cis-acting expression-associated variants (eSNPs) identified through a genome-wide eQTL survey of CD4 + lymphocytes for association with asthma. (blogspot.com)

The identified DEGs included 20 downregulated genes and 51 upregulated genes, which were highly associated with the cell cycle, organelle fission, chromosome segregation, cell division and spindle stability. (cancerindex.org)
If one is starting from scratch, without any knowledge of what kind of gene it might be and what chromosome it resides on, the task is truly enormous. (healthdrugpdf.com)

Strategies for enhancing viral-based gene therapy using ionizing radiation. (uchicago.edu)

Here, we review the available literature in relation to drug discovery studies targeting thymidylate biosynthesis in kinetoplastid (genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania) and apicomplexan (Plasmodium spp and Toxoplasma gondii) protozoans. (eurekaselect.com)

Bacterial genomes show great diversity in size and composition, and this diversity is the result of millions of years of horizontal gene transfer and other complex evolutionary events [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the extreme toxicity of some of the toxins of these TA systems, we were curious how the cell silences toxins, if the antitoxin is inactivated or when toxins are obtained without antitoxins via horizontal gene transfer. (preprints.org)

Expression profiles analysis identifies the values of carcinogenesis and the prognostic prediction of three genes in adrenocortical carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)

Relative changes in gene expression were determined by quantitative real time PCR. (biomedcentral.com)

Alteration (amplification or deletion) of TOP2A gene was also significantly related to shorter survival of cancer patients. (jcancer.org)

Furthermore, these three genes predicted overall survival and recurrence‑free survival in patients with ACC from the TCGA cohort. (cancerindex.org)

5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (edu) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), which is currently being pursued for the topical treatment of hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections in humans. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Alternatively, one may pursue a candidate gene approach. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Alternatively, chemicals could act by altering DNA replication or repair. (doctorlib.info)

At the current state of technology it is still an immense task to identify genes that might confer a given trait such as resistance to HIV. (healthdrugpdf.com)

Even if only those SNPs that are thought to lie within expressed genes are considered, their number is quite substantial. (healthdrugpdf.com)
It has been estimated that a gene of average size would contain about 15 SNPs. (healthdrugpdf.com)

RESEARCH:5-HT1A (Serotonin-1A) receptor gene regulation and mental illness:Hypothesis: Down-regulation of the 5-HT1A receptor gene in serotonin neurons is required for the antidepressant actions of therapeutic compounds. (vdocuments.net)

We analyzed the mutation frequencies of common actionable genes and their association with clinicopathological characteristics and oncologic outcomes using targeted NGS. (preprints.org)

Virally directed cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine gene therapy enhances radiation response in human cancer xenografts. (uchicago.edu)
It is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. (doctorlib.info)
regulators of the rat and human 5-HT1A receptor genes using luciferase reporter fusion constructs transfected in cell lines. (vdocuments.net)

Phenotypic sorting revealed the Ft-phenotype to be the most prominent expression profile in carcinoids, whereas SCLC presented nearly univocal with the fT and LCNEC with fT or ft. (oncotarget.com)

Chronic myeloid leukemia cells resistant to interferon-alpha lack STAT1 expression. (unito.it)

High TOP2A expression suggested significant relationship with worse cancer prognosis. (jcancer.org)
Significant associations were tested for replication in 579 parent-child trios with asthma from Costa Rica. (blogspot.com)

To date, lots of studies regarding gene variants that may alter response and tolerability to chemotherapy drugs have been carried out, including both retrospective and perspective studies. (hindawi.com)

The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)

I have numerous scientific publication to my credit, including research studies on gene therapy using retrovirus vectors. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Although the prognostic role of AR in TNBC remains controversial, many studies revealed that a lack of AR expression confers a more aggressive disease course. (biomedcentral.com)

Our data demonstrate that adenoviral delivery of NK4 gene significantly suppresses disease activity inside a model of RA in SKG mice. (demotivate.org)

Our analysis identified 50 genes that will be useful for definitive phylogenetic classification of T . equi and closely related organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Treating a cancer without oncogenetic (cancer gene) analysis is like trying to tell where a ship is coming from when it is thirty miles from the shore, without a telescope. (dunphynunley.com)

These genes are deleted or inactivated in cancer cells, allowing unregulated proliferation. (doctorlib.info)

It has been documented that high expression of ERCC1 could block the platinum efficacy and cause drug resistance [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. (novusbio.com)
This is a heavy metal coordination complex that exerts its cytotoxic effect by platination of DNA, a mechanism analogous to alkylation, leading to interstrand and intrastrand DNA crosslinks and inhibition of DNA replication. (medscape.com)

We use the model to investigate the consequences of sex differences in gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, we explain how gene expression differences lead to metabolic differences between males and females. (biomedcentral.com)

Our results demonstrate the utility of eQTL mapping in the identification of novel asthma genes and provide evidence for the importance of FADS2, NAGA, and F13A1 in the pathogenesis of asthma. (blogspot.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms9

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs86

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Dihydrofolate reductase1

Putative2

Thymidine2

Protein8

Tumor9

Proteins3

Multiple genes3

Quiescent cells2

Synthetase1

Polymerase1

Polymorphisms5

Cellular3

Transcription4

Oncogenes1

MRNA expression2

Differentially1

Topoisomerase2

Enzymes1

Enzyme1

Regulate1

Infection2

Methylation1

Tumors3

Genomic3

Localized to chromosome1

Genome8

Chromosome2

Viral1

Apicomplexan1

Horizontal gene tra2

Identifies1

Quantitative1

Alteration1

Overall survival1

Herpes1

Alternatively2

Identify1

SNPs2

Regulation1

Mutation1

Human3

Phenotype1

STAT11

Significant2

Variants1

Cell cycle1

Studies2

Activity1

Analysis2

Cells1

Drug1

Complex2

Differences2

Results1