AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
RNA, ViralRNARNA, Small InterferingRNA SplicingRNA EditingBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataReplication Protein ARNA, RibosomalCell LineDNA, ViralRNA, BacterialDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNA VirusesRNA InterferenceRNA, MessengerMutationPlasmidsViral ProteinsNucleic Acid ConformationDNA Replication TimingRNA, Double-StrandedGenome, ViralRepliconDNA-Binding ProteinsEscherichia coliDNA HelicasesReplication Protein CRNA, CatalyticHeLa CellsAmino Acid SequenceHIV-1Gene Expression Regulation, ViralRNA HelicasesS PhaseTranscription, GeneticRNA FoldingDNARNA, AntisenseRNA Polymerase IIRNA, FungalRNA StabilityViral Nonstructural ProteinsRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalProtein BindingDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseRNA, TransferCell Cycle ProteinsRecombination, GeneticRNA, UntranslatedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTemplates, GeneticCell NucleusDNA, BacterialGenes, ViralDNA, Single-StrandedAntiviral AgentsRNA PrecursorsRNA CapsRNA, Small NuclearBinding SitesOrigin Recognition ComplexCells, CulturedSequence Analysis, RNADNA DamageVero CellsBacterial ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsHydroxyureaKineticsChromosomes, BacterialDNA PrimersNuclear ProteinsDEAD-box RNA HelicasesProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenChromatinCell CycleRNA, PlantDNA, FungalHost-Pathogen InteractionsDNA RepairProtein BiosynthesisRNA, ProtozoanRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA ReplicasePromoter Regions, GeneticTransfectionMutagenesisHepacivirusRNA, NeoplasmNucleic Acid HybridizationModels, GeneticVirionDNA PrimaseRNA Ligase (ATP)AphidicolinRNA, SatelliteCricetinaeSequence DeletionVirus Assembly
GeneProteinsPolymeraseExpressed GenesGenomicSynthesisProteinModulateVirusesElongationReverse transcriptase activityHepatitisMiRNAsGenome replicationRibonucleic acidMRNA levelsMoleculesMechanismsEssential for viral replicationInhibitVirusGeneticInhibitionIntermediateSequencesHelicasePolymerasesGeneticsInhibitorsTranslationHigh throughputFunctionalTriggersYeastNucleolarMiRNAProliferationInitiationComplexesCellsDifferentialCellInfectionAbundance
Gene44
  • Originally, transcriptome-wide RNA abundance could only be assessed using methods such as DNA microarrays or serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, chromatophore-localized biosynthetic pathways as well as multiprotein complexes include proteins of dual genetic origin, suggesting that mechanisms evolved that coordinate gene expression levels between chromatophore and nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • These findings imply that similar to the situation in mitochondria and plastids, also in P. chromatophora nuclear factors evolved that control metabolite exchange and gene expression in the chromatophore. (frontiersin.org)
  • Apparently these chromatophore-targeted proteins evolved convergently to plastid-targeted expression regulators and are likely involved in gene expression control in the chromatophore. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immunological responses across frailty strata were also studied in terms of leukocyte cellular distribution, cytokine levels and gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • No statistically significant differences were observed between the frailty groups in vaccine-induced modulation of leukocyte populations, cytokine responses, and gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene expression patterns, assayed by RNA sequencing, show that tethering induces global supercoiling changes, which are likely incompatible with replication initiation. (nih.gov)
  • Cancer cell behavior reflects changes in gene expression that are controlled by epigenetic factors (e.g. (mskcc.org)
  • Also, viral infection has proved to have a great impact on cellular small RNA expression and gene expression [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Small RNAs include microRNA (miRNA), siRNA, tRFs, piRNA, and rasiRNAs, which regulate gene expression in a wide range of processes such as viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)
  • miRNAs regulate gene expression in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes such as in immune response and viral replication [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • His work on RNA binding proteins and SRSF1 has been continuously funded by the NIH and has recently expanded to the study of the role played by multiple RNA binding proteins on cellular gene transcription and T cell development and functions. (fau.edu)
  • 2017) Tat is a multifunctional viral protein that modulates cellular gene expression and functions. (fau.edu)
  • 2015) SRSF1 inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression. (fau.edu)
  • Endogenous MCM7 MicroRNA Cluster as a Novel Platform to Multiplex Small Interfering and Nucleolar RNAs for Combinational HIV-1 Gene Therapy. (ca.gov)
  • Gene therapy approaches are attractive alternatives where the most vulnerable immune cells are modified with antiviral small RNAs with the goal to engineer an HIV-resistant immune system. (ca.gov)
  • Interestingly, cells with optimal level of small RNA expression to effectively inhibit viral replication were enriched under the selective pressure of HIV, demonstrating the importance of balancing expression and functionality for successful gene therapy applications. (ca.gov)
  • Abstract Combinational therapy with small RNA inhibitory agents against multiple viral targets allows efficient inhibition of viral production by controlling gene expression at critical time points. (ca.gov)
  • The combinations of si/snoRNAs represent a new paradigm for combinatorial RNA-based gene therapy applications. (ca.gov)
  • The lectures will cover the organisation and major features of the human genome, such as replication, gene expression, epigenetics and the role of non-coding RNA. (ntnu.no)
  • The scripts used for RNA-seq data analysis including differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis can be found in https://github.com/akaraw/Yanshan_Zhu_et_al . (plos.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by affecting both the stability and translation of complementary mRNAs. (wjgnet.com)
  • TERRA is a major component in helping protect the genome at a very sensitive place, the telomeres,' said senior author Paul M. Lieberman, Ph.D., a professor in Wistar's Gene Expression and Regulation Program. (news-medical.net)
  • this contributes to shutdown of host-cell gene expression. (embl.org)
  • It inhibited HSV-1 E and L gene expressions as well as viral DNA replication but did not affect the RNA synthesis of IE gene in our study. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Our results illuminate the molecular mechanism of a regulatory switch controlling crucial gene expression programs, and provide a framework for understanding how the partnering of RBPs evokes changes in binding specificity that underlie regulatory network dynamics. (elifesciences.org)
  • The present study aimed to explore the regulation of gene expression during chronic HCV infection in liver biopsy samples. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Biopsies from noninfected patients with other liver diseases were used as controls to focus on HCV-associated changes in hepatic gene expression. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • This excluded altered gene expression patterns resulting from either inflammation or fibrosis. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Differential gene expression was analysed using DESeq and edgeR and gene enrichment analysis was performed with GSEA and Gestalt. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • We describe best practices for multi-species transcriptomics and differential gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biochemistry and molecular biology of replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, and regulation of gene expression with emphasis on multicellular eukaryotic organisms and comparisons to prokaryotes. (usc.edu)
  • The reduction was proportional to the downregulation of expression of a reporter gene, the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, linked to the HIV-1 LTR in human monocytoid cells. (eurekamag.com)
  • 2.2) Construct a diagram of the Central Dogma of gene expression for eukaryotes. (assignmentexpert.com)
  • Differential gene expression in normal human mammary epithelial cells treated with malathion monitored by DNA microarrays. (cdc.gov)
  • Here inter-individual variations and commonality of gene expression signatures have been studied in normal human mammary epithelial cells from four women undergoing reduction mammoplasty. (cdc.gov)
  • Inter-individual variation of gene expression patterns in response to malathion was observed in various clustering patterns for the four cell strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Decreased expression of six RNA species was seen at various time points in all cell strains analyzed, these were: plasminogen activator (PLAT), centromere protein F (CPF), replication factor C (RFC3), thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), a putative mitotic checkpoint kinase (BUB1) and a gene of unknown function (GenBank accession number AI859865). (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular mechanisms for regulation of gene expression at different levels: remodeling of chromatin, initiation of transcription, nuclear transport and signalling, and RNA interference. (lu.se)
  • Methods for analysis of gene expression: microarray, hybridisation, promoter analyses. (lu.se)
  • Principles for regulation of gene expression through intercellular signalling. (lu.se)
  • Strategies for gene therapy and production of medicines via genetically-modified organisms (expression vectors and viral vectors). (lu.se)
  • Whether and how a gene is expressed is determined by a complex interaction of multiple factors including genotype, gene expression, environmental factors (including illnesses and diet), and other factors, some of which are unknown. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
Proteins17
  • Following the central dogma of molecular biology, messenger RNA encodes genetic information for producing proteins, which, alongside functional RNA carry out the majority of cellular processes required for life. (wikipedia.org)
  • These proteins show similar domain architectures as known organelle-targeted expression regulators of the octotrico peptide repeat type in algae and plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • The replicase proteins p33 and p92 of Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) were found to support the replication of defective interfering (DI) RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Double-labelled immunofluorescence showed that both p33 and p92 replicase proteins localized to peroxisomes, independently of one another and of the presence of the replication template. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • During Adv DNA replication, host cellular proteins such as nuclear factor I and POU2F1 are used by Adv [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This was followed-up in his post-doctoral research at UC Santa Cruz (1996-2001) where he was awarded the prestigious Human Frontier Science Program fellowship and published breakthrough work characterizing the key RNA sequences and the cellular proteins that modulate the alternative splicing of the HIV-1 messenger RNA (mRNA). (fau.edu)
  • During his tenure at FAU, Dr. Caputi has developed novel techniques to study RNA - RNA binding proteins interactions and made important contributions to our understanding of how cellular proteins modulate the replication of the HIV-1 genome. (fau.edu)
  • Finally, anti-HIV RNA decoys that aim to titrate out early essential viral replication proteins Tat and Rev are constructed. (ca.gov)
  • The Wistar team demonstrated how TERRA mediates and partially stabilizes interactions between telomeric proteins that play essential roles in DNA replication. (news-medical.net)
  • In cell cultures, through RNA affinity purification, a process that isolates a single type of protein from a complex mixture, the team identified telomeric proteins (Shelterin components TRF1 and TRF2, and origin recognition complex subunits ORC1, ORC2, and ORC4) that bound to a TERRA oligonucleotide sequence but not to control oligonucleotides. (news-medical.net)
  • Using RNA chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIPs), in which specific pieces of RNA are isolated from bound proteins, the team discovered that TERRA is bound by telomeric proteins indicating that TERRA was a component of the Shelterin complex. (news-medical.net)
  • The rSA11/NSP3-CoV2/S viruses produced smaller plaques and lower viral titers in cell culture than the wildtype, perhaps because the RNA elongation time required for transcription of the segment 7 dsRNAs is increased during the replication of the virus, or the longer translation time to synthesize proteins encoded from these RNAs. (news-medical.net)
  • Collaboration among the multitude of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is ubiquitous, yet our understanding of these key regulatory complexes has been limited to single RBPs. (elifesciences.org)
  • They are nuclear proteins whose expression is required for viral replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • The tat protein stimulates LONG TERMINAL REPEAT-driven RNA synthesis for both viral regulatory and viral structural proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genes vary in size, depending on the sizes of the proteins or RNA for which they code. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, the investigators identified 75 brain transcripts (messenger RNA) and 28 brain proteins regulated by the depression-predisposing genetic variants. (medscape.com)
Polymerase5
  • Arias A, Agudo R, Ferrer-Orta C, Pérez-Luque R, Airaksinen A, Brocchi E, Domingo E, Verdaguer N, Escarmis C (2005) Mutant viral polymerase in the transition of virus to error catastrophe identifies a critical site for RNA binding. (springer.com)
  • Our goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms whereby the genomic RNA of influenza-like viruses is, on the one hand, the template for transcription and replication of the viral genome by its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and, on the other hand, an Achilles' heel, whose recognition as non-self can trigger an innate immune response to counter the viral infection. (embl.org)
  • 2.3) Tabulate the similarities and differences between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. (assignmentexpert.com)
  • Because their genomes are composed of RNA rather than DNA, these viruses must use their own RNA polymerase to copy their genetic information. (the-scientist.com)
  • A DNA polymerase with reverse transcriptase activity: Genomic replication takes place through an intermediate RNA known as pregenomic RNA. (medscape.com)
Expressed Genes1
  • Advances in transcriptome sequencing allow for simultaneous interrogation of differentially expressed genes from multiple species originating from a single RNA sample, termed dual or multi-species transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomic2
  • Our results resolve the outstanding question of how hybrids in native genomic contexts interact with replication to cause mutagenesis and shape genome organization. (biorxiv.org)
  • To determine the expression, methylation status and genomic alterations in lncRNAs across pancancer,TCGA datasets were analyzed by UALCAN, MEXPRESS and cBioPortal database. (ias.ac.in)
Synthesis5
  • We use a combination of cell-based and in vitro assays to show that the interface of the FluPol A dimer is required for vRNA synthesis during replication of the viral genome. (nature.com)
  • We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
  • Labelling with BrUTP showed that peroxisomes were the sites of nascent viral synthesis, whereas in situ hybridization indicated that DI RNA progeny were diffused throughout the cytoplasm. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These studies are being extended to viral RNPs (the physiological RNA synthesis units) to understand the behaviour of the viral nucleoprotein during replication and transcription and to include host factors important for viral replication. (embl.org)
  • Sci Rep. 2018) and nucleoside analogue, RNA synthesis inhibitors (Kouba et al . (embl.org)
Protein14
  • Two critical factors during this dauntingly complex process appear to be the establishment of metabolic connectivity between the symbiotic partners, and the evolution of nuclear control over protein expression levels within the organelle. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nonstructural protein 5 (Nsp5) is the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 that cleaves viral polyproteins into individual polypeptides necessary for viral replication. (elifesciences.org)
  • We report that a localized inducible protein tether between the chromosome and cell membrane in E. coli cells imparts a rapid and complete block to replication initiation. (nih.gov)
  • His research expanded to the mechanism regulating the transcription of cellular and viral genes and characterized the protein SRSF1 as a strong inhibitor of HIV-1 replication. (fau.edu)
  • The influenza virus contains a protein called the nucleoprotein, which manages expression and replication of the virus's RNA-based genome. (acs.org)
  • Lerner, M. R., Andrews, N. C., Miller, G. & Steitz, J. A. Two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus and complexed with protein are precipitated by antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (nature.com)
  • The encoded protein contains three K-homologous (KH) domains which may be involved in RNA binding. (nih.gov)
  • Together with PCBP-1, this protein also functions as a translational coactivator of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES, promoting poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. (nih.gov)
  • The Cusack group uses X-ray crystallography and cryo electron-microscopy (cryoEM) to study the structural biology of protein-RNA complexes involved in RNA virus replication, innate immunity and cellular RNA metabolism. (embl.org)
  • The expression of NSP3 along with one or more fluorescent tags allows the expression of a foreign protein, while NSP3 remains a functional, stable dimerizing product. (news-medical.net)
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-protein-coding RNAs which are longer than 200nucleotides. (ias.ac.in)
  • For instance, the hepatitis C protein NS3/4a, initially thought to be responsible only for processing of the viral polyprotein during replication, is in fact a crucial interferon antagonist ( PNAS , 102:17717-22, 2005). (the-scientist.com)
  • Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • DNA contains the code, or blueprint, used to synthesize a protein or a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
Modulate3
  • Small RNAs are important regulators that modulate development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of organisms [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Fig. 4: M81 EBERs modulate lytic replication by amplifying the expression of CXCL8. (nature.com)
  • On the contrary, current evidence indicates that mutant spectra contribute to viral pathogenesis, can modulate the expression of phenotypic traits by subpopulations of viruses, can include memory genomes that reflect the past evolutionary history of the viral lineage, and, furthermore, can participate in viral extinction through lethal mutagenesis. (springer.com)
Viruses8
  • Surprisingly, RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV2 also depend on host cell eIF4A and we found that inhibitors can block viral replication. (mskcc.org)
  • He has interests in understanding how viruses can manipulate plant defence mechanisms and nucleolar machinery to facilitate replication and spread. (aab.org.uk)
  • His lab uses cell biology, including RNA in vivo imaging, molecular biology and biochemistry to investigate the mechanisms by which plant viruses spread through their host via intercellular nano-channels (plasmodesmata). (aab.org.uk)
  • We found that the M81 non-coding Epstein-Barr-encoded RNA EBER2, which carries polymorphisms that are mainly restricted to viruses found in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinomas, markedly stimulated this process. (nature.com)
  • The cell counters RNA viruses with innate immune pattern-recognition receptors, such as the RNA helicase RIG-I, which recognise particular viral RNA structural motifs (e.g. 5′ triphosphate-dsRNA) as non-self, thus activating a signalling pathway leading to interferon production and establishment of the anti-viral state. (embl.org)
  • We have extended our work on viral polymerases to those of other segmented negative-strand RNA viruses such as the large order of Bunyavirales . (embl.org)
  • New observations on antigenic diversification of RNA viruses. (google.es)
  • Zoonotic viruses come from different families, but they have some commonalities: they all tend to be small, rapidly replicating RNA viruses. (the-scientist.com)
Elongation1
  • Tether-induced initiation blocking has no effect on elongation at pre-existing replication forks and does not cause cell or DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Reverse transcriptase activity1
  • Virus infectivity was assayed by adding the treated material to cultured lymphocytes and periodically monitoring these for signs of viral replication (reverse transcriptase activity and virus antigen expression) (1) and in the case of HTLV-I and HTLV-II, transformation (2,3). (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis6
  • We describe the first report of RNA sequencing of 5' capped (Pol II) RNAs isolated from acutely hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh 7.5 cells that provides a general approach to identifying differentially expressed annotated and unannotated genes that participate in viral-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
  • It has also been implicated in translational control of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, human papillomavirus type 16 L2 mRNA, and hepatitis A virus RNA. (nih.gov)
  • Sagnelli E, Potenza N, Onorato L, Sagnelli C, Coppola N, Russo A. Micro-RNAs in hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. (wjgnet.com)
  • The clinical manifestations of hepatitis B depend on the age at infection, the level of HBV replication, and the host's immune status. (medscape.com)
  • The aims of treatment of chronic hepatitis B are to achieve sustained suppression of HBV replication and remission of liver disease. (medscape.com)
  • 20 positive for anti-HCV and HCV-RNA (chronic hepatitis C), 20 positive for anti-HCV but negative for HCV-RNA (spontaneously resolved) and 20 healthy controls free of HCV. (who.int)
MiRNAs5
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)
  • Knowing the miRNA expression profile will help understand the role of miRNAs in modulating the host response to adenovirus infection and possibly improve the diagnosis of adenovirus-infected pneumonia. (hindawi.com)
  • miRNAs are the most well-studied small RNAs during the latest decades. (hindawi.com)
  • Although miRNAs have been examined in Adv type 3-infected human laryngeal epithelial cells and Adv type 2-infected human lung fibroblast cells [ 19 , 20 ], there is no research about small RNA profiling in whole blood of Adv-infected pneumonia children. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we explore combinations of different classes of therapeutic anti-HIV-1 RNAs expressed from within the context of an intronic MCM7 (minichromosome maintenance complex component-7) platform that naturally harbors 3 microRNAs (miRNAs). (ca.gov)
Genome replication1
  • Mutant spectra are continuously and avoidably generated during RNA genome replication, and they are not just a by-product of error-prone replication, devoid of biological relevance. (springer.com)
Ribonucleic acid1
  • The second approach, which attempted to detect AIDS virus-related nucleic acid sequences using dot blot hybridization analysis of the vaccine with an AIDS virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probe, was done at MSD using as a positive control infected cellular (ribonucleic acid) RNA preparations provided by CDC. (cdc.gov)
MRNA levels1
  • Functional analysis of ISG15 indicated that depleting mRNA levels resulted in increased HCV RNA abundance. (lancs.ac.uk)
Molecules3
  • Finally, by requiring a greater number of biological samples, there is greater risk for human error to affect the results, which may lead to spurious conclusions In this approach, cell culture samples are cultured with tagged nucleotides which allow for selective purification of newly synthesized RNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The replication of cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus defective interfering-satellite RNA hybrid molecules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Biebricher CK (1999) Mutation, competition and selection as measured with small RNA molecules. (springer.com)
Mechanisms6
  • However, the mechanisms of Zika virus intrauterine transmission and replication and its tropism and persistence in tissues are poorly understood. (cdc.gov)
  • Our study provides high-resolution structures of medically relevant FluPol A , as well as insights into the replication mechanisms of the viral RNA genome. (nature.com)
  • Our current goal is to derive models explaining the detailed mechanisms of transcription and replication of the viral genome (vRNA) by influenza-like viral polymerases. (embl.org)
  • Knowledge gaps exist with regard to the mechanisms of viral replication within hepatocytes and disease progression during chronic infection. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)
  • Epigenetic and RNA-mediated mechanisms. (lu.se)
Essential for viral replication1
  • Nsp3 and Nsp5 are essential for viral replication and represent well-characterized drug targets among coronaviruses. (elifesciences.org)
Inhibit3
  • Fig. 2: Mutations at the interface of the FluPol A dimer inhibit cRNA to vRNA replication. (nature.com)
  • In 2013, a team of researchers led by Anny Slama-Schwok of Paris Saclay University, used computer modeling to screen a library of compounds for ones that bound to a groove in the nucleoprotein that normally binds RNA, hoping to find something that could inhibit the nucleoprotein's function and act as an antiviral. (acs.org)
  • These findings suggest that PB2-2235 could efficiently inhibit HPAI H5N1 virus replication. (ias.ac.in)
Virus22
  • In situ hybridization localized replicative Zika virus RNA in brains of 7 infants and in placentas of 9 women who had pregnancy losses during the first or second trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the mechanism of intrauterine transmission of Zika virus, cellular targets of viral replication, and the pathogenesis that leads to microcephaly and other congenital malformations have not yet been completely elucidated. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the presence of antigens does not necessarily indicate virus replication. (cdc.gov)
  • Nevertheless, localization of replicating Zika virus RNA directly in the tissues of patients with congenital and pregnancy-associated infections is critical for identifying cellular targets of Zika virus infection and virus persistence in various tissues and for further investigating the mechanism of Zika virus intrauterine transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Fig. 4: Nb8205, which binds FluPol A at the dimer interface, inhibits cRNA to vRNA replication and virus growth. (nature.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. (mdpi.com)
  • Changes in RNA abundance may be used as a measurement of changes in cellular behavior, such as heat stress, infection by virus, or oncogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • These observations provide a mechanistic molecular link between M81 virus replication-a central viral function and a cancer risk factor-and the production of a chemokine involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Spontaneous lytic replication and epitheliotropism define an Epstein-Barr virus strain found in carcinomas. (nature.com)
  • It is also striking to note that, at least in terms of viral RNA, Omicron replicated better in pediatric NECs compared to both Delta and the ancestral virus. (plos.org)
  • Taken together, these data show that the nasal epithelium of children supports lower infection and replication of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, although this may be changing as the virus evolves. (plos.org)
  • Arias A, Lázaro E, Escarmís C, Domingo E (2001) Molecular intermediates of fitness gain of an RNA virus: characterization of a mutant spectrum by biological and molecular cloning. (springer.com)
  • In this study, we have designed three siRNAs (PB2-2235, PB2-479 and NP-865) targeting PB2 and NP genes of avian influenza virus and evaluated their potential, measured by hemagglutination (HA), plaque reduction and Real time RT-PCR assay, in inhibiting H5N1 virus (A/chicken/Navapur/7972/2006) replication in MDCK cells. (ias.ac.in)
  • Among these siRNAs, PB2-2235 offered the highest inhibition of virus replication with 16-fold reduction in virus HA titer, 80% reduction in viral plaque counts and 94% inhibition in expression of specific RNA at 24 h. (ias.ac.in)
  • The effect of siRNA on H5N1 virus replication continued till 48h (maximum observation period). (ias.ac.in)
  • is known to increase the expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) via activating its long terminal repeat (LTR). (eurekamag.com)
  • Here, we describe initial characterization of experimental infection in Syrian hamsters, including kinetics of virus dissemination and replication, and the corresponding clinical parameters, immunological responses, and histopathology. (cdc.gov)
  • et 20 témoins en bonne santé ne présentant pas d'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C. Une réduction importante de la fréquence des cellules tueuses naturelles totales dans le groupe des patients porteurs d'une infection chronique a été observée par rapport au groupe des témoins ( P = 0,001) ou au groupe des patients dont l'infection a connu une résolution spontanée ( P = 0,01). (who.int)
  • Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
  • Describe the relationship between the systemic immunologic response, and the persistence and replication competence of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) from lesions over the course of mpox illness among people with advanced HIV. (cdc.gov)
  • Lassa fe- Lassa virus in many more districts and states in en- ver is endemic in West Africa and has been reported demic countries of the West African sub-region and from Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Nigeria4-7. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • West African sub-region with consideration of the mented RNA virus belonging to the Arenaviridae origin of the virus, its properties/strains, epidemiol- family. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Genetic3
  • Topics covered include cell structure and function, DNA replication and the flow of genetic information, enzyme function, metabolism and physiology of microorganisms, plants, and animals. (sfu.ca)
  • A team of researchers from The Wistar Institute have shown that a large non-coding RNA in mammals and yeast plays a central role in helping maintain telomeres, the tips of chromosomes that contain important genetic information and help regulate cell division. (news-medical.net)
  • The steady shortening of telomeres with each replication in somatic cells is linked to cellular aging, genetic instability, and tumor formation. (news-medical.net)
Inhibition4
  • Moreover, combinations with small RNAs capable of turning over multiple target substrates, such as siRNAs and ribozymes, showed greater inhibition to HIV replication in a one-month challenge assay. (ca.gov)
  • Furthermore, three of the combinatorial constructs tested potently suppressed viral replication during a 1-month HIV challenge, with greater than 5-log inhibition compared with untransduced, HIV-1-infected CEM T lymphocytes. (ca.gov)
  • This represents the first efficacious example of combining Drosha-processed siRNAs with small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP)-processed nucleolar RNA chimeras from a single intron platform for effective inhibition of viral replication. (ca.gov)
  • Moreover, we demonstrated enrichment/selection for cells expressing levels of the antiviral RNAs that provide optimal inhibition under the selective pressure of HIV. (ca.gov)
Intermediate2
  • In parallel, we are doing the same for viral replication, which is unprimed and occurs in two-steps via an intermediate complementary RNA (cRNA). (embl.org)
  • Double-stranded RNA, a common intermediate in viral replication, triggers the release of a range of cytokines, primarily interferons, which in turn causes upregulated expression of hundreds of antiviral genes and enhanced antibody production. (the-scientist.com)
Sequences3
  • Using second generation sequencing, instead of measuring relative hybridization of sequences to probes in the case of microarrays or sequencing short segments in the case of SAGE, a researcher can simply sequence the bulk RNA within a sample and measure relative abundances of specific types of RNA by comparing the number of times each RNA molecule was sequenced in a given sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • Across all cells, hybrids accumulate most strongly in non-coding RNAs and 5′-UTRs of coding sequences. (biorxiv.org)
  • Proviruses with identical sequences, identical integration sites, and similar levels of RNA expression were found in lymph nodes and blood samples collected during ART, and no single sequence with significant divergence from the pretherapy population was present in either blood or lymph nodes. (nih.gov)
Helicase1
  • Abnormal RNA translation in lymphoma and other cancers is required to support tumor growth and key translation factors, such as the eIF4A RNA helicase, drive the translation of oncogenic RNAs such as MYC and others. (mskcc.org)
Polymerases1
  • These polymerases have no proofreading activity and are highly error-prone, leading to as many as one mutation every thousand nucleotides in each round of viral replication. (the-scientist.com)
Genetics1
  • Both genetics and environmental factors influence the expression of asthma, and not all asthma is the result of a specific immune response to allergen. (cdc.gov)
Inhibitors1
  • 2015) The SRSF1 RNA Recognition Motifs of are strong inhibitors of HIV-1 replication. (fau.edu)
Translation1
  • In group A rotaviruses, the segment 7 of the genome encodes NSP3, which is a translation enhancer of viral positive-sense RNAs, expressed moderately in cells following infection. (news-medical.net)
High throughput2
  • We applied high-throughput RNA-Seq technology to provide a more complete overview of the interactions between HCV and the host. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions: High-throughput sequencing has shed new light on the pathways that may regulate HCV replication and associated pathology during chronic infection. (lancs.ac.uk)
Functional1
  • These effects were strictly dependent on a functional Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a sensor of single-stranded RNA located in the endosome of these cells. (nature.com)
Triggers2
  • Deletion of either rnhB or rnhC triggers RNA:DNA hybrid accumulation, but with distinct patterns of mutagenesis and hybrid accumulation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Examples of high molecular environmental factors are known to influence the development weight occupational allergens include proteases used in the and expression of asthma, and a vast array of triggers of asthma detergent industry, laboratory animal allergens, and ovalbumin have been identified. (cdc.gov)
Yeast3
  • Two yeast strains were used, differing in the biogenesis of peroxisomes, the organelles supplying the membranous vesicular environment in which CymRSV RNA replication takes place in infected plant cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • DI RNA replication occurred in yeast cells, as demonstrated by the presence of monomers and dimers of positive and negative polarities. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • DI RNA replication also took place in yeast cells devoid of peroxisomes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Nucleolar1
  • We demonstrate the versatility of the MCM7 platform in expressing and efficiently processing the siRNAs as miRNA mimics along with nucleolar small RNAs. (ca.gov)
MiRNA1
  • In this current study, we utilized an endogenous microRNA (miRNA) cluster as a platform to express multiple anti-HIV small RNAs. (ca.gov)
Proliferation2
  • However, only the expression of p33, but not p92, increased the number of peroxisomes and induced membrane proliferation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These findings show that all detectable persistent HIV-1 infection is consistent with maintenance in lymph nodes by clonal proliferation of cells infected before ART and not by ongoing viral replication during ART. (nih.gov)
Initiation2
  • Although it has been recognized for several decades that chromosome structure regulates the capacity of replication origins to initiate, very little is known about how or if cells actively regulate structure to direct initiation. (nih.gov)
  • Parallels between tether-induced initiation blocking and rifampicin treatment and the role of programmed changes in chromosome structure in replication control are discussed. (nih.gov)
Complexes1
  • Crystal structures of Nos-Pum-RNA complexes reveal that Nos embraces Pum and RNA, contributes sequence-specific contacts, and increases Pum RNA-binding affinity. (elifesciences.org)
Cells13
  • Normally, in a traditional RNA-seq, microarray, or SAGE experiment RNA is extracted from a biological sample such as cultured cells, and the RNA is analyzed using the chosen method. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, to investigate a biological process which is estimated to occur for an hour, a researcher might design an experiment where the process is triggered for five minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, one hour, and two hours in separate cell culture samples before harvesting the cells for RNA-seq analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TRMT1 cleavage fragments exhibit altered RNA binding activity and are unable to rescue tRNA modification in TRMT1-deficient human cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Compared to wildtype human cells, TRMT1-deficient human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit reduced levels of intracellular viral RNA. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is suggested that replication in these cells was targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • in cells lacking RnhC, DNA replication is disrupted leading to transversions and structural variation. (biorxiv.org)
  • M81 EBER2 increased CXCL8 expression, and this chemokine enhanced spontaneous lytic replication levels in M81-infected B cells. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: The M81 EBERs potentiate spontaneous lytic replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 5: Incubation of LCLs with EV from EBER-positive cells increase CXCL8 expression and activate lytic replication. (nature.com)
  • Since this RNA also facilitates the formation of DNA at telomeres-a process that can protect aging cells and destabilize tumor cells-manipulating its expression may be useful in treating cancer and other diseases. (news-medical.net)
  • We characterized proviral populations in lymph nodes and peripheral blood before and during ART, evaluated the levels of viral RNA expression in single lymph node and blood cells, and characterized the proviral integration sites in paired lymph node and blood samples. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show a significant decrease in HIV-1 replication by pentoxifylline is infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (eurekamag.com)
  • While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)
Differential5
  • Compared to single-species differential expression analysis, the design of multi-species differential expression experiments must account for the relative abundances of each organism of interest within the sample, often requiring enrichment methods and yielding differences in total read counts across samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With this increasing complexity, best practices are needed for properly designing and conducting a differential expression analysis within a multi-species transcriptomics experiment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we describe best practices for multi-species transcriptomics experiments from the initial experimental design to the downstream differential expression analysis, highlighting important considerations that should be taken for these multi-species analyses when compared to traditional single-species transcriptomics analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differential changes in expression of these genes may yield biomarkers that provide insight into inter-individual variation in malathion toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • The variants show differential reductions in neutralization and replication by post-vaccination sera. (cdc.gov)
Cell7
  • This method is the most common for measurement of RNA over time in cell culture models, mainly due to its simplicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once delivered into the host cell, the incoming positive-strand viral RNA genome is first translated by host ribosomes into two overlapping polyproteins, pp1a and pp1ab. (elifesciences.org)
  • We demonstrated persistent expression of each anti-HIV RNAs in CEM T cell lines that stably integrate the transgene. (ca.gov)
  • Each of these is assembled from eleven separately transcribed RNAs produced by transfecting the transcription vectors into the right cell lines - BHK-T7. (news-medical.net)
  • LncRNA could serve as a biomarkerfor diagnosis and prognosis as well as a molecular target for therapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Therefore, we have determined the expression profile of 5-lncRNAs namely UCA1, TUG1, HOTAIR,MALAT1, and H19 by quantitative real-time PCR in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissue of 32 OSCCpatients. (ias.ac.in)
  • Further clustering identified 3 genes with increased expression after treatment in all four cell strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Increased lamin B1 levels lead to decreased expression of genes that play a variety of roles in the cell, including myelin production. (medlineplus.gov)
Infection2
  • Fig. 3: EBER expression levels vary after infection with different EBV strains. (nature.com)
  • The organisms studied in dual-species transcriptomics experiments are present in different relative abundances and while the read proportions between the two organisms differ by system, most infection models, particularly biologically relevant models, have the total RNA content of the host vastly outnumbering microbe [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Abundance3
  • The data obtained from such an experiment corresponds to abundance of RNA under the given experimental conditions at the time of harvest. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studying such processes requires analysis of RNA abundance across a series of time points. (wikipedia.org)
  • The simplest approach towards assessing RNA abundance over time is to simply use multiple samples which are treated in exactly the same way, except for the duration of treatment. (wikipedia.org)