Replication defective viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

One or more of the genes absolutely required for replication is deleted and the virus is grown in a cell line engineered to express these gene products. (wikipedia.org)
Single-cycle viruses are also widely used as vaccine vectors, carrying genes from other viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Transduction, the ability of replication-defective viruses to deliver biologically competent genes, is a well understood biological process, which has been utilized to repair defective genes in humans as well as to express exogenous genes in rodent models. (nih.gov)
However, the genes carried by the virus integrate into the host genome. (pediaa.com)
Tumor suppressor genes such as p53, PTEN, CDKN2, and Rb (Retinoblastoma gene) have been widely investigated in cancer gene therapy experiments in which scientists replace defective genes with their normal functioning counterparts (15-17). (callaix.com)
In this study, specific sequences within three genes (3D, VP4 and 2B) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome were determined to be effective RNAi targets. (vetres.org)
Sequence of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nonstructural gene (NS) segment and characterization of recombinant viruses bearing the 1918 NS genes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
The numerous herpesvirus genes involved in nucleotide metabolism indicate that the nucleotide pool is a major restriction point for virus expansion in non-dividing cells. (nih.gov)
In recent decades, a number of oncolytic virus vectors have been developed with mutations in genes associated with virulence or viral DNA synthesis to confine viral replication to cancer cells and avoid causing disease[ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
One approach to engineering replication selectivity is the deletion of viral genes, which causes inefficient viral replication in normal cells but expansion in tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, 2 replication-defective adenovirus recombinants were developed as potential vaccines against H3N2 influenza viruses. (usda.gov)
one group was vaccinated with the recombinant adenovirus expressing the influenza virus H3 hemagglutinin (HA) protein, one group was vaccinated with the recombinant adenovirus expressing the nucleoprotein (NP), and one group was vaccinated with both recombinants in a mixture. (usda.gov)
The results showed that pigs in the groups given the recombinant adenovirus expressing the HA protein developed high levels of virus-specific hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody by 4 weeks post vaccination. (usda.gov)
Thus, replication-incompetent adenovirus vaccines given simultaneously to pigs are safe, efficacious for SIV and have the additional advantage over commercial vaccines that suckling piglets have no pre-existing maternally-derived antibody to block early life vaccination. (usda.gov)
Human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-453) containing endogenous copies of the androgen (hAR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors were transduced with replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 containing the luciferase (Luc) reporter gene driven by the AR- and GR-responsive glucocorticoid-inducible hormone response element found with the mammary tumor virus LTR (Ad/MLUC7). (nih.gov)
The main difference between adenovirus and adeno-associated virus is that adenovirus uses the host's DNA replication machinery, whereas adeno-associated virus requires a helper adenovirus for replication. (pediaa.com)
Adenovirus and adeno-associated virus are two DNA viruses . (pediaa.com)
Adenovirus is a medium-sized DNA virus with an icosahedral protein capsid. (pediaa.com)
Adenovirus refers to a member of a family of viruses that can cause respiratory, eye, and gastrointestinal infections. (pediaa.com)
Adenovirus is a double-stranded DNA virus, while adeno-associated virus is a single-stranded DNA virus. (pediaa.com)
The size of the adenovirus is 90-100 nm, while the size of the adeno-associated virus is 25 nm. (pediaa.com)
Adenovirus uses the host's DNA replication machinery, while adeno-associated virus requires a helper adenovirus for replication. (pediaa.com)
The packaging capacity of adenovirus is 8-36 kb, while the packaging capacity of adeno-associated virus is 4.7 kb. (pediaa.com)
The transduction efficiency of adenovirus is high, while the transduction efficiency of adeno-associated virus is moderate. (pediaa.com)
The expression of adenovirus is transient, while the expression of the adeno-associated virus is transient or stable. (pediaa.com)
The immunogenicity of adenovirus is high, while the immunogenicity of adeno-associated virus is low. (pediaa.com)
In brief, adenovirus and adeno-associated viruses are two non-enveloped DNA viruses. (pediaa.com)
Adenovirus uses the host's DNA replication machinery for DNA replication. (pediaa.com)
J&J/Janssen adenovirus-based vaccine - This vaccine contains an inactivated adenovirus that has been altered to include the gene (DNA) of the spike protein for the original SARS-CoV-2 virus. (chop.edu)

In the early 1990s, Minson's group was one of several investigating a novel method of attenuating viruses for use in live vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
Such replication-impaired viruses unite many of the advantages of both live and killed virus vaccines, and are much less likely to revert to a more-virulent form than earlier methods of attenuation. (wikipedia.org)
The single-cycle strategy can be used to generate live vaccines against other viruses, and such a vaccine has recently been successfully developed for bluetongue virus of sheep. (wikipedia.org)
These are already widely-used for other viruses and become increasingly relevant for influenza vaccines as well. (mpg.de)
Thus, vaccines produced from live-attenuated DNA viruses from this method are safer than typical live-attenuated vaccines as they are more easily contained by the host immune system. (technologypublisher.com)
Production of live-attenuated vaccines from replication-defective DNA viruses for treatment of diseases with limited therapies. (technologypublisher.com)
The flaviviruses pose immense public and veterinary health burdens, so developing effective vaccines against flaviviruses such as the Zika virus will help more effectively prevent and control disease outbreaks,' said Meng, whose expertise is in virology and vaccinology. (news-medical.net)
Sorcerer's apprentices" for the superficiality with which they manipulated extremely dangerous viruses up to risky vaccines which, when inoculated in full pandemic, can become a "weapon of mass destruction" for the creation of vaccine-resistant variants . (veteranstoday.com)
His research goals include understanding protective immune responses to infection, discovery of key virus-host interactions that can be targeted for the development of therapeutics and vaccines, developing new cutting-edge assays and reagents for the field, and translating the most promising discoveries into therapeutics and vaccines. (celdaramedical.com)
Numerous preclinical experiments have been conducted on animal models to explore the possibility of cancer vaccines, induced cell apoptosis, reduction of blood supply to tumors and targeting viruses to kill cancerous cells (7). (callaix.com)
Current FMD vaccines based on inactivated virus are effective in preventing the disease, but carry the risks of incomplete inactivation and viral escape from vaccine production laboratories [ 26 ], and they fail to induce an immune response in a short period. (vetres.org)
Finally, we outline practical applications that future studies on NS1 may lead to, including the rational design and manufacture of influenza vaccines, the development of novel antiviral drugs, and the use of oncolytic influenza A viruses as potential anti-cancer agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
This review describes the different types of rabies virus vaccines and the development of replication-defective or monocyclic live rabies virus-based vectors for use as single-dose human rabies vaccinations using reverse genetics methods. (jobpcr.com)
We also apply murine gammaherpesvirus 68 as a pre-clinical model to develop and validate safe, replication-defective herpesvirus vaccines and therapeutic gene-editing technologies. (nih.gov)
To overcome current challenges in the development of herpesvirus vaccines, my collaborators and I devised a codon-shuffled complementing gene method to grow high titer replication-defective virus stocks in the absence of wild-type revertants. (nih.gov)

To date, the majority of brain tumor trials of these vectors have used replication-defective viruses. (medscape.com)
The relative lack of success obtained with rep lication-defective vectors has prompted a search for new and improved therapies. (medscape.com)
Viruses are prominent vehicles for gene therapy, and some adenoviral vectors exhibit oncolytic properties. (medscape.com)
To this end, a variety of viral vectors have been developed, with oncolytic viruses emerging as an innovative therapeutic tool for these tumors. (medscape.com)
we present here only the advances in the field of adenoviral vectors because these viruses offer promising alternatives to help achieve the goal of developing an effective oncolytic therapy for gliomas. (medscape.com)
While a few classes of virus are particularly promising as gene therapy tools ("vectors," or carriers of supplemental genetic material), we'll choose just one particular virus type-adeno-associated virus, or AAV-as our explanatory model. (mlo-online.com)
We assessed replication-restricted single-injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis vaccine NiV vaccine vectors expressing the NiV glycoproteins against NiV B challenge in African green monkeys. (cdc.gov)
Our study provides a mechanism behind Wolbachia-induced interference of arbovirus replication and could help advance strategies to control arbovirus pathogens in insect vectors and human infections. (bvsalud.org)
Dive into the research topics of 'Rescue, amplification, purification, and PEGylation of replication defective first-generation adenoviral vectors. (nebraska.edu)

Luckily, nature has provided tools with exactly these capabilities in the form of several types of viruses-small exogenous carriers of genetic material, many of which are specific as to the type of cell they will introduce their genetic package into and proceed to integrate that package into the infected cell genome. (mlo-online.com)
I suspect that the reason that we haven't seen novel viruses evolve lately may be related to A) there are a limited number of core viral types (the equivalent to the theoretical minimal genome for microbial life) and B) the niches that they could fill are already occupied. (microbe.tv)
This virus infects both dividing and quiescent cells and exists at the extrachromosomal level without integrating into the host's genome. (pediaa.com)
Additionally, the virus can integrate its genome into the human host genome at the specific site in the human chromosome 19. (pediaa.com)
At the same time, the adeno-associated virus is 25 nm long and contains a ssDNA genome. (pediaa.com)
For example, they can reduce the viral load by triggering strong innate immune responses and interfering with full-length viral genome replication. (rochester.edu)
Correction: A specific sequence in the genome of respiratory syncytial virus regulates the generation of copy-back defective viral genomes. (rochester.edu)
My lab successfully reduced murine gammaherpesvirus replication by CRISPR editing of the viral genome. (nih.gov)
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), from the parvovirus family, are small viruses (22 nm) that are replication-defective, non-enveloped, non-pathogenic, and with a genome of single stranded DNA. (virovek.com)

Defective interfering (DI) genomes restrict viral replication and induce type I interferon. (nih.gov)
2) Viruses would come back fairly quickly (at least some of them) unless the switch also eliminates retroviruses hidden away in various genomes around the world. (microbe.tv)
by Gertrud U. Rey Errors during viral replication can give rise to shortened and/or rearranged genomic sequences known as "defective viral genomes" (DVGs). (virology.ws)
Defective Viral Genomes (DVGs) are truncated forms of viral genomes that lack the ability to complete replication unless complemented with a homologous helper virus. (rochester.edu)
Replication defective viral genomes exploit a cellular pro-survival mechanism to establish paramyxovirus persistence. (rochester.edu)

Inoculation with vaccina virus produces a localized skin infection. (medscape.com)
These large and complex enveloped DNA viruses commonly infect humans, causing a lifelong latent infection. (wikipedia.org)
The technique allows a single virus particle to be detected in a sample, and has the potential for use as a quick yet sensitive monitor of viral infection. (wikipedia.org)
Because of the high rate of asymptomatic infection with these viruses, information about the prevalence of these diseases is needed to monitor prevention efforts. (cdc.gov)
NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses is used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
however, highly effective, well-tolerated treatment can cure hepatitis C virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis D virus infection is less common in the US and can occur only among persons with hepatitis B virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Co-infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) in persons with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to fulminant hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
The potential benefits of this shock-and-kill approach come at a cost, as there are potential risks of reactivation of virus in the brain: paradoxically increased brain infection, virally mediated CNS damage, and immune-related CNS damage. (nih.gov)
Weaned pigs vaccinated with both recombinants simultaneously were completely protected from challenge infection with virulent influenza virus. (usda.gov)
Complete protection was shown by the lack of nasal shedding of virus following challenge and by the lack of lung lesions at one week following the challenge infection. (usda.gov)
One of the most commonly associated etiological factor for HCC in East Asia is chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell-to-cell HIV-1 transmission occurs more efficiently and rapidly than infection by cell-free viruses, supporting the relevance of this mode of viral dissemination. (nih.gov)
Although genital herpes is treatable, it is a lifelong infection that can exact a substantial psychological and physical toll on infected individuals and places them at higher risk of acquiring HIV," said NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. "Furthermore, mothers with active genital herpes infection at time of delivery can transmit the virus to their newborns, which can lead to severe illness and death. (nih.gov)
We confirmed that cholesterol esterases were upregulated in response to virus infection in C6/36 cells. (bvsalud.org)
Functional analysis showed that alteration of cholesterol metabolism simulated Wolbachia-mediated inhibition of virus infection in C6/36 cells. (bvsalud.org)
HCMV infection in healthy subjects is generally asymptomatic, and virus persists as latent infection for life. (oncotarget.com)
Treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of infection with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and to suppress reactivation has been available for decades. (mdpi.com)
The Klingström group aims to understand the mechanisms behind hantavirus pathogenesis and the consequences of infection, focusing on the capacity of viruses to affect normal cell signaling and functions, especially cell death, immune and inflammatory responses. (celdaramedical.com)
They are produced during infection with most RNA viruses and they play a critical role in viral pathogenesis. (rochester.edu)
IL-27 Limits Type 2 Immunopathology Following Parainfluenza Virus Infection. (rochester.edu)
In our model of pulmonary fibrosis, we demonstrated that chronic -herpesvirus infection is related with high levels of VEGF within the lung that diminished with control of lytic infection by antiviral treatment or by infection with all the v-cyclin stop mutant virus. (m-entrepreneurship.com)
In summary, utilizing agents that quit replication with the virus and a replication-defective virus, we show that lytic infection is an essential mechanism for virus-induced fibrosis. (m-entrepreneurship.com)
The results show that these siRNA inhibited virus yield 10- to 300-fold for different FMDV isolates of serotype O and serotype Asia I at 48 h post infection in BHK-21 cells compared to control cells. (vetres.org)
The non-structural (NS1) protein of influenza A viruses is a non-essential virulence factor that has multiple accessory functions during viral infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Viral hepatitis non-A non-B can be diagnosed only when infection by viruses of hepatitis A and hepatitis B have been ruled out. (uia.org)
Hepatitis non-B, a sometimes fatal virus that infects the liver, is now known as hepatitis C. Currently physicians are baffled by the virus' course of infection and the method by which to treat it. (uia.org)

Using HSV-2, which causes genital herpes, they disabled the virus by deleting the viral gene encoding the membrane protein glycoprotein H (gH). (wikipedia.org)
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a major cause of genital herpes. (nih.gov)
however, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can also cause genital herpes. (nih.gov)
The experimental product is a replication-defective vaccine, meaning that scientists have removed two key proteins from the vaccine virus so that it cannot multiply to cause genital herpes. (nih.gov)

Inhibition of Nipah Virus by Defective Interfering Particles. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, the effects of defective interfering particles (DIPs) [7] on the viral production will be included in the model formulation. (mpg.de)
Beyond differential co-receptor usage during virus entry, the late-stage intracellular replication and production of infectious HIV-1 particles is complex and ultimately highly cell-type dependent. (nature.com)
Results: Here we demonstrate that LEDGINs reduce the replication capacity of HIV particles produced in their presence. (rki.de)

Since moving to Cambridge, Minson's research has focused on animal viruses, particularly those of the herpesvirus family, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus. (wikipedia.org)
Much of Minson's research has investigated herpesvirus replication and life cycle, and viral pathogenesis and the immune response. (wikipedia.org)

With the explosive emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) and the consequent devastating fetal malformations in infected expectant women, a safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed. (nih.gov)
Flaviviruses -- a group of viruses transmitted by ticks or mosquitoes -- infect an estimated 400 million people annually with diseases like yellow fever, Dengue fever, West Nile virus, and, most recently, Zika virus. (news-medical.net)
Outbreaks of Zika virus, a flavivirus originating in Africa, were once rare and isolated events. (news-medical.net)
Zika virus outbreaks have now been recorded throughout Southeast Asia, the South Pacific, South America, and Central America. (news-medical.net)
To protect the health of billions of people at risk and prevent future outbreaks, a team of Virginia Tech researchers received a $2 million R01 grant from the National Institutes of Health to develop a safe, effective, single-dose vaccine candidate for Zika virus. (news-medical.net)
It aims to prevent the emergence of these viruses -- in this case Zika virus -- in humans. (news-medical.net)
Ultimately, they created a virus that looks identical to Zika virus but is unable to replicate. (news-medical.net)
It occurs when a mother infected with Zika transfers the virus to the fetus, which results in the shrinking of the baby's head and poor brain development. (news-medical.net)
Zika virus is a member of the arbovirus Flaviviridae family transmitted by Aedes mosquitos and it is associated with microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. (bvsalud.org)
We hypothesize that cholesterol metabolism is involved in Wolbachia-mediated virus suppression due to its important role in Zika virus replication. (bvsalud.org)
Zika virus is an arbovirus that can infect humans and be transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus, potentially leading to microcephaly in infants. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we describe how intracellular bacteria redirect resources within their host cells and suppress Zika virus replication at the cellular level. (bvsalud.org)
TWiV minus one reveals delayed neurological deficits in children without microcephaly born to Zika virus infected mothers, and N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid as a receptor for influenza A viruses. (virology.ws)
Children who are exposed to Zika virus in utero may develop structural defects of the cranium such as microcephaly. (virology.ws)
Now we understand that even children born to Zika virus infected mothers may develop neurodevelopmental and neurosensory deficiencies in the second year of life - in the absence of microcephaly. (virology.ws)

Vaccination with vaccinia virus has been directly responsible for the successful eradication of smallpox (variola). (medscape.com)
DISPATCHES category A or B or dual-category rinderpest-hold- vaccination of cattle with peste des petits rumi- ing facilities (RHFs) (https://www.oie.int/en/ nants virus (PPRV) does not provide protective disease/rinderpest/#ui-id-3). (cdc.gov)
The potential usefulness of replication defective viruses, in conjunction with engineered antigens (project 1), as approaches for vaccination will be investigated. (grantome.com)
Functional genomic and serological analysis of the protective immune response resulting from vaccination of macaques with an NS1-truncated influenza virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)

These allow incorporation of structured intracellular viral replication kinetics [6]. (mpg.de)
Upon passaging in culture, replication-defective Alix-binding site mutants revert to viruses with near-wild-type replication kinetics. (nih.gov)
Sequencing of these viruses revealed novel mutations in the HIV-1 Env gene, Y61H, P81S, A556T, I744V, and R786K, which not only exhibit a full rescue of the original Gag mutants, but also exhibit replication kinetics faster than those of wild-type HIV-1 in Jurkat T-cells. (nih.gov)

The variola virus causes smallpox and may have begun infecting humans approximately 10,000 years ago. (medscape.com)
VSV-GP128 is a recombinant live-attenuated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), modified to minimize the potential of neurotoxicity for humans and skin disease in animals, and engineered to contain cancer antigens, which help it induce an immune response against colorectal tumour cells. (biosafety.be)
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes high case-fatality rates (CFRs) in humans. (cdc.gov)
Adeno-associated virus is a small virus that infects humans and other primates. (pediaa.com)
In contrast, adeno-associated virus refers to small viruses infecting humans and other primate species. (pediaa.com)
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small virus (20 nm in diameters) replication-defective, nonenveloped virus, which infects humans and some other primate species. (signagen.com)

Although the exact origins of vaccinia virus are uncertain, vaccinia may represent a hybrid of the variola and cowpox viruses. (medscape.com)
During 2003, because of the concern for biological warfare, the United States government recommended that all first responders be vaccinated with the vaccinia virus. (medscape.com)
The history of the vaccinia virus is that of smallpox, a serious illness characterized by the eruption of small pocklike lesions throughout the skin and internal organs. (medscape.com)
While attempting to identify the responsible agent, Dr. Jenner ultimately isolated the vaccinia virus. (medscape.com)
In the United States, Dryvax became the first approved vaccinia virus vaccine in 1931. (medscape.com)
Vaccinia virus is the species now characterized as the constituent of smallpox vaccine. (medscape.com)
ii) an attenuated, replication-defective orthopoxvirus (Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara), encoding for the same neoantigens. (biosafety.be)

This product is not required until after the viral assembly process, which means that the disabled virus can undergo a single round of replication in normal human cells, but the progeny virus cannot infect new cells. (wikipedia.org)
Answer: This is both a live attenuated (NOT inactivated) and replication defective but highly antigenic nasopharyngeal mucosal vaccine (one round of replication in infected cell which will not further disseminate) NS1 supports virus replication and antagonizes host immune response. (hku.hk)

The resulting virus can infect normal human cells, but should be safe because it cannot replicate in them. (wikipedia.org)
Doing that establishes the introduced material stably, as the cellular DNA replication machinery will now replicate it as an integral sequence in a chromosome, allowing for somatic passage. (mlo-online.com)
These viruses are unable to replicate in the host due to deliberate damage of their DNA through alkylation of the A-T rich minor grooves. (technologypublisher.com)
To develop their vaccine platform, the Auguste lab isolated a virus from mosquitoes that is able to replicate only in mosquito cells -- meaning that it is unable to infect mammals. (news-medical.net)
Without NS1, influenza virus cannot replicate. (hku.hk)

We study the pathogenesis and clinical aspects of human herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). (nih.gov)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) vaccine development has been an ongoing challenge for decades. (precisionvaccinations.com)
The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccine candidate (GSK4108771A) utilizes self-amplifying messenger RNA, "SAM" technology. (precisionvaccinations.com)
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether miRNA-145 regulated oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) can selectively kill NSCLC cells with reduced collateral damage to normal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This approach was first described with herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) with thymidine kinase-negative modification, which attenuates the neurovirulence of HSV to treat human gliomas[ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

39. Effect of the G1896A precore mutation on drug sensitivity and replication yield of lamivudine-resistant HBV in vitro. (nih.gov)
Like other RNA viruses, FMDV is antigenically variable and undergoes rapid mutation. (vetres.org)
We will investigate putative scaffolding functions of the vUNG by examining interactions with viral replication factors and host proteins that either drive DNA mutation or DNA repair. (nih.gov)

Inhibition of the MVA pathway using fluvastatin decreased total cholesterol and viral titers, mimicking the effects of Wolbachia on the virus in Wolbachia-free cells. (bvsalud.org)
Influenza virus NS1 protein counteracts PKR-mediated inhibition of replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Together with James Weger-Lucarelli from the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology in the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, they substituted the proteins that code for the virus' behavior with proteins that make it look like a pathogen. (news-medical.net)
Sanofi Pasteur HSV529 is a herpes vaccine candidate classified as a replication-defective virus, where the virus possesses all the components of the wild-type HSV virus with the exception of two proteins UL5 and UL29 that are involved in viral DNA replication. (precisionvaccinations.com)
I aim to define the mechanism by which gammaherpesvirus proteins alter PML-NBs, and then determine the consequence of those interactions on replication and latency in vivo . (nih.gov)
Pfizer mRNA bivalent vaccine - This vaccine contains mRNA to protect against two spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19: the ancestral, or original strain, and one that protects against a more recent omicron strain, referred to as BA.4/BA.5. (chop.edu)

27. Efficacies of entecavir against lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus replication and recombinant polymerases in vitro. (nih.gov)
36. The main hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants resistant to nucleoside analogs are susceptible in vitro to non-nucleoside inhibitors of HBV replication. (nih.gov)
Recently, the use of oncolytic viruses has been identified as a novel potential strategy for cancer treatment owing to its capacity to destroy tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo with minimal collateral damage to normal cells[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the cellular factors that regulate HIV-1's vesicular replication remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
We then discuss the various roles NS1 has in regulating viral replication mechanisms, host innate/adaptive immune responses, and cellular signalling pathways. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4GI is a cellular target for NS1 protein, a translational activator of influenza virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)

A killed-virus vaccine is exceptionally safe but may take several doses to produce a strong enough immune response to protect the individual. (news-medical.net)
AAV is not currently known to cause disease and consequently the virus causes a very mild immune response. (signagen.com)
Most people treated with AAV will not build an immune response to remove the virus and the cells that have been successfully transduced by it. (virovek.com)

Lastly, transcriptome sequencing suggest that HBV replication in the tumors of HCC patients is rare. (biomedcentral.com)

To explain this phenomenon, we recently determined that these Env mutants exhibit no effect on the processing of Gag, the incorporation of Env, or virus release efficiency, some decrease fusogenicity and all decrease single-cycle infectivity. (nih.gov)
This is an open admission that the Terrain Theory has always been the reality and that Virus/Germ theory and infectivity by transmission of an alleged "virus" is impossible as Pasteur had deviously promoted in the 19th Century. (justpaste.it)

HIV-1 replication in macrophages and microglia involves intracellular assembly and budding into modified subsets of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which support both viral persistence and spread. (nature.com)
Use of the VPS machinery along with visualization of Gag and mature virions within intracellular vesicles initially led to a model for HIV-1 assembly within a subset of modified late endosomes (LE)- or multivesicular bodies (MVBs), often termed virus-containing compartments (VCCs) 5 . (nature.com)
Indeed, the widespread use of cell lines likely contributed to initial models of intracellular/intraluminal assembly and as such, it seems likely that HEK293 and other transformed cell types better model late-stage events in macrophages/microglia than virus replication in T-cells. (nature.com)

We have several areas of research: signaling processes in latency reservoirs, virus-host interactions that influence replication and genomic stability, and gammaherpesvirus subversion of intrinsic nuclear host defenses. (nih.gov)

21. Construction of a replication-competent hepatitis B virus vector carrying secreted luciferase transgene and establishment of new hepatitis B virus replication and expression cell lines. (nih.gov)

They are pathogenic viruses that infect vertebrates. (pediaa.com)
HSV-1 is a common human virus that can infect most mammalian cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Pigs in the group vaccinated with both recombinant viruses in a mixture were completely protected. (usda.gov)

We systematically studied the molecular basis of this late effect of LEDGINs and demonstrate that HIV virions produced in their presence display a severe replication defect. (rki.de)

Require a helper virus for replication in host. (callaix.com)

25. Impact of hepatitis B e antigen-suppressing mutations on the replication efficiency of entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus strains. (nih.gov)
31. Role of additional mutations outside the YMDD motif of hepatitis B virus polymerase in L(-)SddC (3TC) resistance. (nih.gov)
It can't acquire mutations to cause disease because its replication is defective. (news-medical.net)

Minson has also worked in collaboration with Margaret Stanley on another DNA virus, human papillomavirus, which is associated with cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
22. Penciclovir is a selective inhibitor of hepatitis B virus replication in cultured human hepatoblastoma cells. (nih.gov)
32. Stable HepG2- and Huh7-based human hepatoma cell lines for efficient regulated expression of infectious hepatitis B virus. (nih.gov)
Distributed Modeling of Human Influenza A Virus-Host Cell Interactions During Vaccine Production. (mpg.de)
Havrix vaccine is a sterile suspension of inactivated virus strain HM175 which is propagated in MRC-5 human diploid cells. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine candidates prevent infections that attack the human immune system. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Dr. Botten's research focuses on host-pathogen interactions among pathogenic RNA viruses (e.g. arenaviruses, coronaviruses, hantaviruses, and flaviviruses) and their human hosts and natural animal or insect reservoirs. (celdaramedical.com)
We use Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) to study this topic in human, since it is an important human pathogen that causes severe problems in infants, immunocompromised adults, and the elderly and is prone to DVGs. (rochester.edu)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects a number of immune cell types including CD4+ T-cells, macrophages and brain-resident microglia, which underlies its complex pathophysiology that includes immune cell depletion as well as neurological disorders 1 . (nature.com)
In this regard, the contributions of certain NS1 functions to the pathogenicity of human and animal influenza A viruses are also discussed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We have engineered a novel approach for editing Epstein-Barr virus, and we will test the impact on its reactivation from latency and its ability to immortalize human B cells. (nih.gov)
Her graduate research focused on the initiation of viral DNA replication by the human herpesviruses -6A, -6B, and 7. (nih.gov)
Regardless of advances in slowing the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), there isn't a viable treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (bioinfor.me)

HIL-214 norovirus bivalent vaccine candidate uses virus-like particle antigens. (precisionvaccinations.com)

We will engineer recombinant MHV68 viruses that express EBV and KSHV modulators of STAT3 and NF-kappaB signaling signaling pathways to investigate their impact on latency and lymphomagenesis in an animal model of disease. (nih.gov)

Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are highly pathogenic zoonotic agents in the paramyxovirus genus Henipavirus . (cdc.gov)
They are non-enveloped viruses that are pathogenic . (pediaa.com)
Moreover, it is a pathogenic virus with many hosts, including vertebrates. (pediaa.com)

On the other hand, a live-attenuated virus vaccine is made from a weakened form of the virus, so the reaction it produces is more immunogenic and effective. (news-medical.net)

Recently, amyloid precursor protein (APP) was identified as an inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in macrophages and microglia via an unknown mechanism. (nature.com)
Processing of C99, entry of Gag into MVBs and release of infectious virus could be suppressed by expressing ubiquitination-defective C99 or by γ-secretase inhibitor treatment, suggesting that APP's amyloidogenic pathway functions to sense and suppress HIV-1 replication in macrophages and microglia. (nature.com)
Moreover, after budding into these sites, CD63+ MVBs or VCCs accumulate at the cell surface and play a key role in cell-cell spread by macrophages or microglia, as well as potentially acting as reservoirs of infectious virus in these cell types. (nature.com)

It really is doable that rising the dose of antiviral or adding IFN- inside the therapeutic regimen could lead to much better manage of virus replication. (m-entrepreneurship.com)

Subge- and World Organisation for Animal Health have since nomic fragments of morbillivirus nucleic acid not made great strides in consolidating, sequencing, and de- capable of incorporation into a replicating morbil- stroying stocks of rinderpest virus-containing material, livirus or morbillivirus-like viruses are not consid- currently kept by only 14 known institutions. (cdc.gov)

oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L. However, it is clear that NS1 also acts directly to modulate other important aspects of the virus replication cycle, including viral RNA replication, viral protein synthesis, and general host-cell physiology. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Nucleocytoplasmic transport: the influenza virus NS1 protein regulates the transport of spliced NS2 mRNA and its precursor NS1 mRNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Then we try putting into this empty space the gene of the surface SPIKE protein receptor binding domain (RBD) of COVID-19 (or MERS-Coronavirus) or any other viruses. (hku.hk)
The empty space in the NS1 gene can be used to express surface protein (such as RBD) of SARS-CoV2 or antigen of other viruses. (hku.hk)

Increased spread of the virus in the CNS may ensue if infectious virus is released from latently infected cells in the absence of effective enhanced immune surveillance or an efficacious HAART regimen. (nih.gov)
Another approach could be to develop markers to identify CNS cells that harbor latent pro-virus and then target these cells for destruction. (nih.gov)
An easier scenario is one in which the missing or defective gene product doesn't require expression regulation-a steady, constitutive expression is suitable-and ideally, where the product is something such as a secreted product, so that its expression by even a subset of cells can provide needed biological activity to all nearby cells. (mlo-online.com)
Cells were subcultured in 96-well plates, transduced with virus, exposed to chemicals, incubated for 48 h, lysed, and assayed for luciferase. (nih.gov)
In cooperation with the BPE group our work aims at developing distributed models of the process using Population Balance Modelling to reproduce and predict distribution dynamics of infected cells during virus replication. (mpg.de)
NS1 deletion of ZIKV-ΔNS1 was stably maintained as no replicative virus was found in naïve BHK-21 cells after. (nih.gov)
In this study, we determined that Wolbachia impacted virus replication by altering cholesterol biosynthesis in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells, diverting resources from the host cell mevalonate (MVA) pathway to fulfill the needs of the bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
By pulse-labelling of the injected cells with [ 3 H] uridine and [ 3 H] thymidine it was shown that H5 blocked both transcription and replication substantially, and that the chromatin of the injected cells became densely compacted. (biologists.com)
This page lists the EVAg products having been related to the scientific publication DOI reference 10.1099/vir.0.82729-0 ( "Cymbidium ringspot virus defective interfering RNA replication in yeast cells occurs on endoplasmic reticulum-derived membranes in the absence of peroxisomes" , Journal of General Virology - 2007/05/01). (european-virus-archive.com)
We knock out the NS1 gene segment so that the virus can only multiply for one round inside the cells at the upper airway (nasopharynx) which is at a lower temperature after intranasal spray. (hku.hk)
The problem towards a treatment is principally the formation and upkeep of a latent reservoir of cells that harbor the virus in each replication-competent and replication-defective states. (bioinfor.me)
The LEDGIN-treated virus displays defective reverse transcription and nuclear import steps in the target cells. (rki.de)
AP27i145 replication was inversely correlated with the expression of miRNA-145 in infected cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever and Virus Detection in Rodents in Bolivia in 2019. (cdc.gov)
A 2019 Outbreak Investigation of Hepatitis A Virus Infections in the United States Linked to Imported Fresh Blackberries. (cdc.gov)

Dur- reduce global stocks of rinderpest virus-containing ing June-October 2021, a review was conducted to material (RVCM). (cdc.gov)

However, delivery of these agents to tissues can be difficult and newer technologies - such as liposomal delivery vehicles and adeno-associated virus gene delivery - need to be developed to target brain reservoirs. (nih.gov)

The strategy most widely investigated and favored for the total eradication of HIV/AIDS is first activating HIV pro-viral reservoirs and then establishing control of HIV-1 replication through the use of potent highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) or enhanced immune surveillance: a 'shock and kill' approach. (nih.gov)

The team has already seen success in testing their vaccine platform in mice by demonstrating that it completely protects against any replication of the virus in the blood. (news-medical.net)
Finally, we analyzed the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in symptomatic mice undergoing viral replication as demonstrated by high copy numbers of gB transcripts, a solution of lytic replication. (m-entrepreneurship.com)

Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver most often caused by a virus. (cdc.gov)
Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem of global importance because of the ongoing transmission of viruses that cause the disease and increased morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
These five hepatitis viruses, also called hepatitides, are well-characterized for detection with laboratory assays and are monitored in U.S. public health surveillance systems. (cdc.gov)
An estimated 300 million people worldwide are persistent carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). (cdc.gov)
24. Lamivudine, adefovir and tenofovir exhibit long-lasting anti-hepatitis B virus activity in cell culture. (nih.gov)
28. Hepatitis B virus mutants associated with 3TC and famciclovir administration are replication defective. (nih.gov)
29. Effect of various pyrimidines possessing the 1-[(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy)methyl] moiety, able to mimic natural 2'-deoxyribose, on wild-type and mutant hepatitis B virus replication. (nih.gov)
33. The short hairpin RNA driven by polymerase II suppresses both wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus strains. (nih.gov)
34. Perspectives for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infections. (nih.gov)
35. Transient selection of a hepatitis B virus polymerase gene mutant associated with a decreased replication capacity and famciclovir resistance. (nih.gov)
viral hepatitis non-A non-B (other viruses, including C), one of which is known as hepatitis C. Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of death and suffering. (uia.org)
In the past years, new hepatitis viruses have been proposed. (uia.org)
Delta hepatitis is an additional form of hepatitis caused by defective delta virus. (uia.org)

Moreover, the lack of pathogenicity is a notable feature of adeno-associated viruses in gene therapy. (pediaa.com)

Replication occurs in host cytoplasm. (callaix.com)

Recent field studies have shown that mosquito populations infected with Wolbachia bacteria suppress arbovirus replication and transmission. (bvsalud.org)

Swine influenza virus (SIV), subtype H3N2, is a new reassortant virus that emerged recently in North American swine causing severe respiratory and reproductive disease. (usda.gov)
These include a phase I study of an EBV nanoparticle vaccine, studies of patients with severe virus infections to define genetic variants associated with the disease, studies of patients with chronic active EBV disease. (nih.gov)
A new coronavirus, known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious virus and has caused a massive worldwide health crisis. (nih.gov)

Pathogens of the porcine respiratory disease complex, including viral pathogens like swine influenza virus (SIV), cause pneumonia in pigs which is the industry's most costly disease. (usda.gov)

Anatomy7

Organisms61

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes42

Information Science4

Health Care1

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Adenovirus19

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20192

20211

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