• To better understand the karyotype organization in Melipona and the relationship among the subgenera, we mapped repetitive sequences and analyzed previously reported cytogenetic data with the aim to identify cytogenetic markers to be used for investigating the phylogenetic relationships and chromosome evolution in the genus. (karger.com)
  • Defects in MMR genes lead to development of colorectal cancers characterized by frequent alterations in simple repetitive DNA sequences, a phenomenon referred to as microsatellite instability (MSI). (sciencedaily.com)
  • The DNA in our cells also contains segments of short repetitive DNA sequences called microsatellites. (ccalliance.org)
  • To determine the genetic profile, tandem repetitive sequences (STR) are used. (genomia.cz)
  • These sequences, also called microsatellites, are a class of genetic markers consisting of tandem sequence repeats with a size of two to seven base pairs. (genomia.cz)
  • Hammock and Young were particularly intrigued with microsatellites, repeating sequences of letters in the genetic code peppered throughout these regulatory areas of the vasopressin receptor gene. (news-medical.net)
  • According to Young, far from being junk, the repetitive DNA sequences, which are highly prone to mutate rapidly, may ultimately exert their influence through complex interactions with other genes to produce individual differences and social diversity. (news-medical.net)
  • We assembled and aligned the S. haematobium sequences to the genomes of S. mansoni and S. japonicum , identifying microsatellite DNA loci across all three species and designing primers to amplify the loci in S. haematobium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Short tandem repeats (STRs), also known as microsatellites, are repetitive DNA sequences consisting of 1-6-bp motifs present in a genome. (researchsquare.com)
  • Approximately 55% of the BES reads (97,846) had more than 100 base pairs of contiguous non-repetitive sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on k-mer analysis, the 19-mer frequency distribution yielded the optimal estimation that suggested a genome size of ~17.54 Gb, 70.77% of which consist of repetitive sequences. (salamandra-journal.com)
  • Eggen A., Solinas T.S., Fries R.A., Cosmid specific for sequences encoding a microtubule associated protein, MAPIB, contains a polymorphic microsatellite and maps to bovine chromosome 20q14, J. Hered. (gse-journal.org)
  • CRCs arise through genetic changes that impact various driver genes, and some tumors have been found to have a high mutational rate within repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites). (foxchase.org)
  • Short repetitive sequences, so-called microsatellites, are particularly prone to accumulation of such mismatches. (atb-heidelberg.de)
  • Forty-three sequences containing simple sequence repeats or microsatellites were generated from an M13 library of total genomic mouse DNA. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 53% of its genome consists of repetitive sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mouse sequence information from the EMBL and GenBank databases, published sequences and genomic clones have been analyzed for simple repetitive elements or microsatellites. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Microsatellites are used for studying genetic lineages by identifying repeat nucleotide sequences and 'marking' them to map out that plant's lineage. (extractionmagazine.com)
  • Microsatellites occur at thousands of locations within an organism's genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microsatellites are distributed throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The human genome for example contains 50,000-100,000 dinucleotide microsatellites, and lesser numbers of tri-, tetra- and pentanucleotide microsatellites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results: The proportions of repetitive elements in various genomes were found to be positively correlated with genome sizes, with a few exceptions. (syr.edu)
  • Conclusions: The enriched association of specific categories of repetitive elements with fish habitats suggests the importance of repetitive elements in genome evolution and their potential roles in fish adaptation to their living environments. (syr.edu)
  • 13,790 primer pairs to amplify unique microsatellite loci in S. haematobium , (available at http://www.cebio.org/projetos/schistosoma-haematobium-genome ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fractions of the 97,846 non-repetitive trout BES reads that had significant BLASTN hits against the zebrafish, medaka and stickleback genome databases were 15%, 16.2% and 17.9%, respectively, while the fractions of the non-repetitive BES reads that had significant BLASTX hits against the zebrafish, medaka, and stickleback protein databases were 10.7%, 9.5% and 9.5%, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome survey and characterization of new microsatellite markers in Hynobius amjiensis (Caudata: Hynobiidae). (salamandra-journal.com)
  • We identified 1,441,045 microsatellite loci across the assembled partial genome. (salamandra-journal.com)
  • The generation of a library of PCR-analyzed microsatellite variants for genetic mapping of the mouse genome. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Microsatellites (MSI) are nucleotide repeats, repetitive motifs of 1 to 6 nucleotides, scattering widespread the human genome ( Ellegren 2004 ). (medium.com)
  • Microsatellite integrity in the genome is believed to be maintained by the mismatch repair (MMR) system, which corrects single base mismatches and insertion-deletion loops on the nascent DNA strand ( Kunkel 1995 ). (medium.com)
  • Additional microsatellite markers for mouse genome mapping. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Microsatellites provide informative single locus probes for linkage analysis in the construction of a genetic map of the mouse genome. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, the mutation rate at microsatellite loci is expected to differ from other mutation rates, such as base substitution rates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mutation rate at microsatellite loci depends on the repeat motif sequence, the number of repeated motif units and the purity of the canonical repeated sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microsatellite DNA loci are genetic markers in wide use by Schistosoma researchers, but there are few primers available for S. haematobium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • About half of the primers in the database of Schistosoma haematobium microsatellite DNA loci should yield amplifiable and easily scored polymorphic markers, thus providing thousands of potential markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mono-nucleotide microsatellites accounted for 61.4% of all loci, and 2 to 6-base repeat motifs are present at a frequency of 19.59.67.91.5and 0.06%, respectively. (salamandra-journal.com)
  • PCR primers were developed for 98 microsatellite loci with 2 to 6-base motifs. (salamandra-journal.com)
  • Due to the repetitive structure of STRs and their high mutability, sequencing and genotyping these loci is difficult, especially using short-read sequencing data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2013) Discretized Gaussian Mixture for Genotyping of microsatellite loci containing homopolymer runs. (omictools.com)
  • Microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) by forensic geneticists and in genetic genealogy, or as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) by plant geneticists. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microsatellites and their longer cousins, the minisatellites, together are classified as VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Unlike point mutations, which affect only a single nucleotide, microsatellite mutations lead to the gain or loss of an entire repeat unit, and sometimes two or more repeats simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microsatellites were observed only in euchromatin regions, whereas the (TTAGG) 6 repeats were found at telomeric sites in both groups. (karger.com)
  • The DNA is considered stable when the number of microsatellite repeats is the same in all the cells of the body, also referred to as microsatellite stable or MSS. (ccalliance.org)
  • DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a quality control and "spell checking" process that makes sure the DNA is copied without errors and that the number of microsatellite repeats remains the same in all the cells. (ccalliance.org)
  • The tumor cells in these patients may end up with too many microsatellite DNA repeats compared with their healthy cells. (ccalliance.org)
  • Short tandem repeats (STRs), or microsatellites, are 1-6 base pair (bp) motifs of repeating units of DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from one to six or more base pairs) are repeated, typically 5-50 times. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1992). A microsatellite is a tract of tandemly repeated (i.e. adjacent) DNA motifs that range in length from one to six or up to ten nucleotides (the exact definition and delineation to the longer minisatellites varies from author to author), and are typically repeated 5-50 times. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similarly, insects have shorter repeat motifs in their telomeres that could arguably be considered microsatellites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The three Schistosoma genomes contained similar overall frequencies of microsatellites, but the frequency and length distributions of specific motifs differed among species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Defects in mismatch repair increase cancer risk and… Microsatellites are formed by 1-6 nucleotide base pairs that are repeated in direct order 5-50 times. (atlasofscience.org)
  • The increasing availability of DNA amplification by PCR at the beginning of the 1990s triggered a large number of studies using the amplification of microsatellites as genetic markers for forensic medicine, for paternity testing, and for positional cloning to find the gene underlying a trait or disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microsatellites are molecular markers with numerous applications in biological research. (phys.org)
  • Abstract Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers are described for the Mediterranean bath sponge Spongia officinalis. (researchgate.net)
  • Pseudomolecules as well as unmapped scaffolds were used for the bulk mining of SSR markers and for the construction of the first globe artichoke microsatellite marker database. (researchgate.net)
  • In genetic diversity studies, the most frequently used markers are microsatellites. (intechopen.com)
  • Development of microsatellite markers for Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevis. (uni-lj.si)
  • The name "satellite" DNA refers to the early observation that centrifugation of genomic DNA in a test tube separates a prominent layer of bulk DNA from accompanying "satellite" layers of repetitive DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Leishmaniasis, primers to amplify microsatellites in the internal transcribed spacer region of the Leishmania genomic DNA ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Microsatellites are small, repetitive segments of genomic DNA. (knowyourbiomarker.org)
  • Although the first microsatellite was characterised in 1984 at the University of Leicester by Weller, Jeffreys and colleagues as a polymorphic GGAT repeat in the human myoglobin gene, the term "microsatellite" was introduced later, in 1989, by Litt and Luty. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other microsatellites are located in regulatory flanking or intronic regions of genes, or directly in codons of genes - microsatellite mutations in such cases can lead to phenotypic changes and diseases, notably in triplet expansion diseases such as fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microsatellite stability testing looks at whether these DNA segments have many mutations or few mutations. (knowyourbiomarker.org)
  • When the microsatellite DNA segments in your cancer cells show changes (mutations), this indicates that the tumor cells are deficient in the repair of mismatch errors. (knowyourbiomarker.org)
  • The numerous microsatellites will facilitate integration of the linkage and physical maps and serve as valuable resource for fine mapping QTL and positional cloning of genes affecting aquaculture production traits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most eukaryotes have microsatellites, with the notable exception of some yeast species. (wikipedia.org)
  • To provide insights into the roles of repetitive elements in fish genomes, we conducted a comparative analysis of repetitive elements of 52 fish species in 22 orders in relation to their living aquatic environments. (syr.edu)
  • More importantly, there appeared to be specific enrichment between some repetitive element categories with species habitat. (syr.edu)
  • Then they bred two strains of a monogamous species, the prairie vole, one with a long version of the microsatellites and the other with a short version. (news-medical.net)
  • All patients with colorectal cancer should be tested for microsatellite stability (MSS). (knowyourbiomarker.org)
  • When microsatellite DNA segments are unchanged (not mutated) in your colorectal cancer, the tumor (tumour) cells are considered microsatellite stable (MSS). (knowyourbiomarker.org)
  • Telomeres consist of repetitive DNA, with the hexanucleotide repeat motif TTAGGG in vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • This microsatellite DNA serves as a biomarker for how stable our DNA is. (ccalliance.org)
  • What is the microsatellite stability or microsatellite stable biomarker? (knowyourbiomarker.org)
  • The microsatellite stability (or microsatellite stable) biomarker gives information about how your cells handle errors that happen during cell processes. (knowyourbiomarker.org)
  • Microsatellite stability status is both a prognostic and a predictive biomarker. (knowyourbiomarker.org)
  • Background: Repetitive elements make up significant proportions of genomes. (syr.edu)
  • Two studies have found modest associations between alterations in this microsatellite and autism in some families. (news-medical.net)
  • For example, the sequence TATATATATA is a dinucleotide microsatellite, and GTCGTCGTCGTCGTC is a trinucleotide microsatellite (with A being Adenine, G Guanine, C Cytosine, and T Thymine). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Emory researchers have found that the bonobo, an ape noted for its empathic traits, unlike its relative the chimpanzee, has a microsatellite with a sequence similar to that of humans. (news-medical.net)
  • The first rainbow trout repeat elements database (INRA RT rep1.0) containing 735 putative repeat elements was developed, and identified almost 59.5% of the BES database in base-pairs as repetitive sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microsatellites are also used in population genetics to measure levels of relatedness between subspecies, groups and individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • A database, called "Cynara cardunculus MicroSatellite DataBase" (CyMSatDB) was developed to provide a searchable interface to the SSR data. (researchgate.net)
  • He says an animal's response to vasopressin depends upon which rooms have the locks and the research shows that the distribution of the receptors is determined by the length of the microsatellites. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers suggest that variability in vasopressin receptor microsatellite length could help account for differences in normal human personality traits, such as shyness, and perhaps influence disorders of sociability like autism and social anxiety disorders. (news-medical.net)
  • Beyond that, however, is how microsatellites - sections of repetitive DNA - are helping scientists determine the lineage of cannabis cultivars. (extractionmagazine.com)
  • The microsatellite stability status tells whether your cells can fix these mistakes. (knowyourbiomarker.org)
  • Prominent early applications include the identifications by microsatellite genotyping of the eight-year-old skeletal remains of a British murder victim (Hagelberg et al. (wikipedia.org)