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ChylomicronsLymphChylomicron RemnantsTriglyceridesLipoproteins, VLDLApolipoprotein B-48Lipoprotein LipaseLipoproteinsChyleApolipoproteinsEmulsionsCholesterolApolipoproteins BApolipoproteins CDietary FatsVitamin APostprandial PeriodCholesterol EstersLipoproteins, HDLLipolysisLiverThoracic DuctOilsIntestinal AbsorptionTrioleinReceptors, LipoproteinApolipoproteins ALipoproteins, LDLApolipoprotein C-IILipaseApoproteinsApolipoproteins EPhospholipidsButterLipidsBlood Protein DisordersHypertriglyceridemiaUltracentrifugationFatty AcidsApolipoprotein B-100Rats, Inbred StrainsHyperlipidemiasMetabolic Clearance RateApolipoprotein C-IIILipid MetabolismCorn OilPlant OilsReceptors, LDLHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIIMesenteryMicroscopy, ElectronEnterocytesCarbon RadioisotopesLactoferrinParticle SizeIodine RadioisotopesTritiumCholesterol, DietaryIntestine, SmallBiological TransportHeparinIntestinesHyperlipoproteinemia Type IOleic AcidPoloxaleneFastingHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVPerfusionCholesterol, VLDLKineticsHydrolysisPalmitic AcidsTime FactorsNephrectomyLipid MobilizationOleic AcidsJejunumPoloxamerFat Emulsions, IntravenousApolipoprotein A-IEsterificationFatsHyperlipoproteinemias

VLDLLipoproteinsTriglycerideParticlesLiverLipidsTriglyceridesCirculateLymphaticBloodstreamFattyReceptorApoproteinDietaryMealTransportTypeProvideLipoproteinsHepaticLipidTRIGLYCERIDESLipoprotein lipaseHepatocytesNascent chylomicronsMetabolismAtherosclerosisApoEIntestineFree fattySecretionLymphDietaryAtherogenesisDensityEnterocytesFatty acidsCirculationCompositionClearanceFormationEnzymePathwayBloodDisease

VLDL11

• Chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and Lp (a) are all pro-atherogenic while HDL is anti-atherogenic . (healthmatters.io)
• In the postprandial state, there is a large increase in chylomicron and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations. (ox.ac.uk)
• Chylomicrons compete with VLDL for hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). (ox.ac.uk)
• Similar to chylomicrons, the main job of VLDL is delivering triglycerides to the body's cells, and lipoprotein lipase again helps to break down the triglycerides so that they can enter cells (Figure 5.27). (pressbooks.pub)
• The clinically important apoproteins in VLDL are apoprotein C-II, apoprotein B-100, and apoprotein E. Like chylomicrons, VLDL interacts with LPL via apoprotein C-II to release TG, forming intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) particles. (medscape.com)
• Your remnant cholesterol reading measures the amount of "leftover" or remnant VLDL molecules excluding LDL and HDL. (fatty15.com)
• The remnant cholesterol reading measures the VLDL molecules (including intermediate-density lipoprotein, chylomicrons, and their remnants) that have taken up triglycerides and delivered them to the bloodstream. (fatty15.com)
• [ 6 ] The confusion arises as to what to call this "other" cholesterol (non-HDL-C minus LDL-C). The most accurate term is triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol (TRL-C) but it has also been called 'remnant cholesterol' [ 7 ] and most commonly VLDL-C. (medscape.com)
• IDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream. (sabawp.com)
• Other articles where Intermediate-density lipoprotein is discussed: metabolic disease: Lipoprotein disorders: are chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). (sabawp.com)
• LDL, low density lipoprotein - this is the last VLDL remnant, and contains chiefly cholesterol. (sabawp.com)

Lipoproteins6

• Except for chylomicrons, the names of the lipoproteins refer to their density. (pressbooks.pub)
• 18 21 ] The lipid profile includes total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TGs), which are carried as lipoproteins, the smallest being high-density lipoprotein (HDL), medium sized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and larger sized TG rich lipoproteins (chylomicron remnants, very LDLs, etc. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
• The cholesterol content of these are reported for clinical reasons, as HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and remnant cholesterol in TG rich lipoproteins, with serum TG levels being marker of remnant cholesterol. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
• There are several types of ApoB-containing lipoproteins, including chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, VLDL's, IDL's and LDL's (see the chart below). (theproof.com)
• Once absorbed into enterocytes, they are reassembled into TGs and packaged with cholesterol into chylomicrons, the largest lipoproteins. (msdmanuals.com)
• Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants have emerged as major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. (scilifelab.se)

Triglyceride3

• Chylomicrons are rich in triglyceride and secreted by the intestine postprandially. (ox.ac.uk)
• Chylomicrons are the least dense, because they contain so much triglyceride and relatively little protein. (pressbooks.pub)
• In the capillaries of adipose and muscle tissue, apoprotein C-II (apo C-II) on the chylomicron activates endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to convert 90% of chylomicron triglyceride to fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes and muscle cells for energy use or storage. (msdmanuals.com)

Particles5

• When the chylomicrons are reduced in TG content, they become remnants that are rapidly cleared by the liver (apoprotein E binds to the LDL receptor [LDL-R]). At this time, apoprotein C-II is passed to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in the circulation. (medscape.com)
• Chylomicrons" are the particles which ship fat to our physique's storage areas. (radiusguide.com)
• Chylomicrons, also known as cholesterol remnants, are large, fat-wealthy lipoprotein particles that research has discovered contribute to the development of cholesterol-filled plaques. (wikidot.com)
• Stearic acid is well absorbed by the gut and is transported in chylomicrons and remnant particles before being picked up by the liver. (blogspot.com)
• Compared with control participants, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, chylomicron TG and ApoB-48 levels exhibited an approximately twofold higher response to the fat-rich meal, and a twofold higher increment was observed in ApoB-48 particles in the VLDL1 and VLDL2 density ranges (all p (bvsalud.org)

Liver7

• As they circulate through the lymphatic vessels, nascent chylomicrons bypass the liver circulation and are drained via the thoracic duct into the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
• It's interaction with specific ApoE receptor enables uptake of chylomicron remnants by liver cells, which is an essential step during normal lipid metabolism. (caslab.com)
• Absorbed lipids are transported in chylomicrons via the lymphatic system into the bloodstream, where they reach the liver , peripheral tissues (which have LDL receptors ) and adipose tissue (storage). (amboss.com)
• These chylomicron remnants travel to the liver, where they're disassembled. (pressbooks.pub)
• A toxic liver loses its ability to eliminate chylomicron remnants. (higherhealthnutrition.com)
• Cholesterol-rich chylomicron remnants then circulate back to the liver, where they are cleared in a process mediated by apoprotein E (apo E). (msdmanuals.com)
• Long chain fatty acids (C16-C18) must be transformed by muscle and lipid cells into a chylomicron remnant before they can be synthesised by the liver (Fig. 1). (alemakoudijs.com)

Lipids2

• Then these lipids are assembled with apolipoprotein B-48 into nascent chylomicrons. (wikipedia.org)
• these lipids (predominantly TGs) are packaged by the intestinal mucosal cells into chylomicrons. (medscape.com)

Triglycerides4

• The job of chylomicrons is to deliver triglycerides (originating from digested food) to the cells of the body , where they can be used as an energy source or stored in adipose tissue for future use. (pressbooks.pub)
• How do the triglycerides get from the chylomicrons into cells? (pressbooks.pub)
• As triglycerides are removed from the chylomicrons, they become smaller. (pressbooks.pub)
• Once in the enterocyte, FFA chains and 2MG compounds are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are reformed into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons in the golgi apparatus to receive chylomicron specific apolipoproteins, namely apo B48, which is a marker for TG chylomicron. (medscape.com)

Circulate1

• The thoracic duct empties into the vena cava, and chylomicrons systemically circulate. (medscape.com)

Lymphatic2

• Chylomicrons, which are TG rich, enter the lymphatic system. (medscape.com)
• In contrast to LCT, MCT are more rapidly digested, and the resulting MCFA are more rapidly absorbed via portal circulation tahn the corresponding LCFA which are re-esterified and packaged into chylomicrons for lymphatic absorption. (alemakoudijs.com)

Bloodstream2

• On the previous page, we learned that chylomicrons are formed in the cells of the small intestine, absorbed into the lymph vessels, and then eventually delivered into the bloodstream. (pressbooks.pub)
• This investigation also demonstrated that the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (olive oil is 78% oleic acid) resulted in a marked improve in LPS attached to chylomicrons in the bloodstream. (wikidot.com)

Fatty3

• Once acted on by LPL, which is attached to the luminal side of the capillary endothelium adjacent to muscle and adipose tissue, chylomicrons release TGs as monoglycerides and free fatty acids. (medscape.com)
• This may be due to their association with remnant cholesterol or free fatty acid-induced lipid peroxidation. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
• 8) Soon after a fatty meal, the blood is so complete of chylomicrons that it turns milky, like a strawberry shake.Use it to pan-fry meat, fish, or eggs. (wikidot.com)

Receptor1

• LRP1 (scientifically named 'chylomicron remnant receptor') is a molecular structure which has been postulated for a long time and has now been identified and further characterized by Joachim Herz. (heinrich-wieland-prize.de)

Apoprotein4

• Apoprotein C-II, apoprotein B-48, and apoprotein E are the clinically important apoproteins of chylomicrons. (medscape.com)
• Apoprotein B-48 is a chylomicron structural protein. (medscape.com)
• Chylomicrons bind to LPL via apoprotein C-II. (medscape.com)
• Defects in apoprotein C-II or LPL can lead to defects in chylomicron clearance. (medscape.com)

Dietary1

• Chylomicrons transport dietary TGs and cholesterol from within enterocytes through lymphatics into the circulation. (msdmanuals.com)

Meal1

• The commonest type of hyperlipidemia is postprandial hyperlipidemia, which is noticed after an animal consumes a meal containing fat and is due primarily to increased chylomicron ranges. (radiusguide.com)

Transport1

• Chylomicrons are small fat globules that help transport fat after digestion from the small intestine to tissues in the body. (higherhealthnutrition.com)

Type2

• Does pravastatin increase chylomicron remnant catabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus? (edu.au)
• A team of researchers has studied a particular type of cholesterol (remnant cholesterol) and determined that, by itself, it might be a better indicator of your likelihood of developing heart-related issues. (fatty15.com)

Provide1

• Additionally, recent studies suggest that measuring remnant cholesterol may provide more insight into your risk of heart disease and stroke. (fatty15.com)

Lipoproteins7

• In addition, IR, a possible pathogenesis of NAFLD, had positive correlation with the raised plasma levels of apoB48-containing lipoproteins, which might be due to impaired hepatic ability of clearing TG-rich lipoproteins caused by excessive production of intestinal chylomicrons (CMs) and accumulation of serum CM remnants [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Supplement Chylomicron is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (the. (biologyonline.com)
• Once absorbed into enterocytes, they are reassembled into TGs and packaged with cholesterol into chylomicrons, the largest lipoproteins. (msdmanuals.com)
• TAG-rich lipoproteins and their remnants are atherogenic and are associated with other lipid risk factors (small and dense LDL particles and low HDL). (scielo.sa.cr)
• Triacylglycerols are conveyed from the liver in very low-density lipoproteins and from intestines in chylomicrons. (studymafia.org)
• We have shown that selected fatty acids, as well as lipoprotein lipase-derived remnants of lipoproteins isolated from hypertriglyceridemic subjects, can activate vascular endothelial cells and disrupt endothelial integrity. (nih.gov)
• Chylomicrons are the largest lipoproteins and are composed of triglycerides surrounded by a protein coating. (vin.com)

Hepatic4

• [ 11 ] One way to counter an increase in plasma chylomicron remnant levels is to induce hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) activity by treatment with a statin. (medscape.com)
• 16. Oxidation affects the regulation of hepatic lipid synthesis by chylomicron remnants. (nih.gov)
• Newly absorbed vitamin A arriving as retinyl ester in chylomicron remnants is taken up by hepatocytes and must be hydrolyzed to retinol before it is transferred to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) for storage. (nih.gov)
• Moreover, the incorporation of oxidized cholesterols did not alter the hepatic or splenic uptake of chylomicrons compared to chylomicrons isolated from rats given purified cholesterol or TG alone. (edu.au)

Lipid4

• accumulation of lipid in intestinal mucosa cells because lipid cant be exported as chylomicrons. (flashcardmachine.com)
• 8. Influence of the fatty acid composition of lipids in chylomicron remnants derived from fish or corn oil on the lipid profile of cultured rat hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
• Our overall goal is to identify at the molecular level the enzyme(s) responsible in vivo for hydrolyzing chylomicron remnant retinyl ester in hepatocytes and lipid droplet retinyl esters in HSCs. (nih.gov)
• Chylomicrons are responsible for delivering lipid derived from dietary and biliary sources to the liver. (acc.org)

TRIGLYCERIDES5

• Chylomicrons transport triglycerides (TAG) to vital tissue (the heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue). (scielo.sa.cr)
• LL hydrolyzes triglycerides within the core of chylomicrons, thereby releasing free fatty acids, a readily oxidizable source of energy. (acc.org)
• As the triglycerides are progressively stripped away, chylomicron remnants (CR) are formed which constitute incompletely digested chylomicrons. (acc.org)
• Triglycerides and cholesterol combine to form chylomicrons. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
• It can involve hypertriglyceridemia (too many triglycerides), hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol is too high), elevations in chylomicrons, etc. (vin.com)

Lipoprotein lipase1

• In the capillaries of adipose and muscle tissue, apoprotein C-II (apo C-II) on the chylomicron activates endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to convert 90% of chylomicron triglyceride to fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes and muscle cells for energy use or storage. (msdmanuals.com)

Hepatocytes6

• 2. Comparison of the effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on very-low-density lipoprotein secretion when delivered to hepatocytes in chylomicron remnants. (nih.gov)
• 4. Differential influence of different dietary fatty acids on very low-density lipoprotein secretion when delivered to hepatocytes in chylomicron remnants. (nih.gov)
• 10. Differential effects of chylomicron remnants derived from corn oil or palm oil on bile acid synthesis and very low density lipoprotein secretion in cultured rat hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
• If the remnant particle does not already contain apoE, it can take up apoE secreted by hepatocytes. (acc.org)
• Dietary cholesterol, on the other hand, is transported from the intestine in chylomicron remnants, which enter hepatocytes via distinct chylomicron remnant receptors. (elsevierpure.com)
• As noted earlier, chylomicrons arise in the gut during fat digestion, enter the thoracic duct and then the blood stream where they are attacked by LPL, which reduces their triglyceride content by 75% and produces a chylomicron remnant that is taken up by B-100-E receptors on hepatocytes. (healthycholesterolclub.com)

Nascent chylomicrons3

• Then these lipids are assembled with apolipoprotein B-48 into nascent chylomicrons. (wikipedia.org)
• As they circulate through the lymphatic vessels, nascent chylomicrons bypass the liver circulation and are drained via the thoracic duct into the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
• The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidized cholesterols on the metabolism of nascent chylomicrons in vivo. (edu.au)

Metabolism4

• 5. The effects of chylomicron remnants enriched in n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the transcription of genes regulating their uptake and metabolism by the liver: influence of cellular oxidative state. (nih.gov)
• Among the most important metabolic derangements giving rise to impaired metabolism and clearance of chylomicrons and VLDLs are obesity, insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus (DM). (acc.org)
• In conclusion, dietary oxysterols appear to have the potential to adversely affect chylomicron metabolism. (edu.au)
• 1999. "An extrahepatic LDL receptor- and LRP-independent RAP-sensitive site is involved in the metabolism of chylomicron remnants. (maineinbre.org)

Atherosclerosis1

• Therefore, further investigations in humans are required to determine whether dietary oxidized cholesterols found in cholesterol-rich processed foods delay the clearance of postprandial remnants, which may contribute to and exacerbate the development of atherosclerosis. (edu.au)

ApoE1

• Apolipoprotein (apo) analysis showed that oxysterol incorporation reduced the apoE content and altered the apoC phenotype of chylomicrons, which may have an impact oil the removal of chylomicron remnants front plasma. (edu.au)

Intestine2

• Chylomicrons are small fat globules that help transport fat after digestion from the small intestine to tissues in the body. (higherhealthnutrition.com)
• Dietary oxidized cholesterols are absorbed through the intestine and incorporated into lymph chylomicrons. (edu.au)

Free fatty1

• Once acted on by LPL, which is attached to the luminal side of the capillary endothelium adjacent to muscle and adipose tissue, chylomicrons release TGs as monoglycerides and free fatty acids. (medscape.com)

Secretion1

• MGATs have already been many examined in intestinal enterocytes completely, where they play essential assignments Loureirin B in mediating fat molecules chylomicron and absorption secretion (6, 7). (findadig.com)

Lymph1

• Another approach would be to reduce the amount of chylomicron cholesterol entering the lymph by blocking the uptake of cholesterol by the enterocytes from the lumen. (medscape.com)

Dietary1

• Chylomicrons transport dietary TGs and cholesterol from within enterocytes through lymphatics into the circulation. (msdmanuals.com)

Atherogenesis2

• Are chylomicron remnants involved in the atherogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? (umn.edu)
• Chylomicrons and VLDLs are receiving much more intense scrutiny for their roles in atherogenesis. (acc.org)

Density1

• The other three are high-density lipoprotein , low-density lipoprotein , and chylomicrons. (healthycholesterolclub.com)

Enterocytes1

• Chylomicrons are formed in jejunal enterocytes. (acc.org)

Fatty acids1

• MGAT activity may also make a difference for TAG recycling by re-esterifying essential fatty acids to lipolytic remnants (8, 9). (findadig.com)

Circulation1

• Chylomicrons enter the circulation and travel to peripheral sites. (healthycholesterolclub.com)

Composition1

• 11. The fatty acid composition of chylomicron remnants influences their propensity to oxidate. (nih.gov)

Clearance1

• The impaired clearance of chylomicrons containing oxidized cholesterols was not due to impaired lipolysis and slower conversion to the remnant form. (edu.au)

Formation1

• Remnants are used in the formation of HDL. (healthycholesterolclub.com)

Enzyme1

• The molecular identity of the enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of newly absorbed chylomicron retinyl ester will be investigated in Specific Aim 2. (nih.gov)

Pathway1

• Denne responsen skyldes en okt aktivering av mTOR p70S6K Pathway ja, det er ganske heavy , som er ansett som et integrert kontrollpunkt for muskelprotein anabolisme og muskelcelle vekst 2-6. (ewangel-design.com)

Blood1

• The blood sample may also be checked for chylomicrons. (vin.com)

Disease1

• There are two forms of this disease as familial combined hyperlipidemia and remnant hyperlipidemia. (mcpcourse.com)