Release arachidonic acids. Medical search. Frequent questions

Inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism: effects on rat striatal dopamine release and uptake. (aspetjournals.org)
However, the results also suggest that certain inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism are relatively potent DA uptake blockers/releasers and that this action is unrelated to their inhibition of enzymes in the arachidonic acid cascade. (aspetjournals.org)
Products of arachidonic acid metabolism are mediators of inflammation. (nationalacademies.org)
In addition, CD69 stimulation in platelets induced production of thromboxane B2 and PGE2, suggesting activation of arachidonic acid metabolism by cycloxygenase. (nih.gov)
Knowledge of the mechanisms by which fatty acids control specific gene expression may identify important risk factors for cancer and provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies for a better management of whole body lipid metabolism. (springer.com)
Cytochrome p450-dependent metabolism of ω-6 and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. (springer.com)
The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels. (planteome.org)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that arachidonic acid metabolites mediate D-2 dopamine (DA) receptor inhibition of striatal DA release. (aspetjournals.org)
Taken together, these results suggest that it is unlikely that arachidonic acid metabolites mediate the actions of release-modulating D-2 DA autoreceptors in the striatum. (aspetjournals.org)
activation and release of AA and its metabolites are not required to maintain basal BP. (immune-source.com)
The study was based on the hypothesis that poultry PM would induce the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) by respiratory epithelial cells under the upstream regulation by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation and subsequent formation of cyclooxygenase (COX)- and lipoxygenase (LOX)-catalyzed arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites (eicosanoids). (cdc.gov)
Metabolites of the drug may decrease inflammation by blocking production of arachidonic acid metabolites in the colon mucosa. (medscape.com)

For example, zileuton blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes by inhibition of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. (britannica.com)
Activation involves release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from platelet storage granules and conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2 via a cyclooxygenase-mediated reaction. (msdmanuals.com)

It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor arachidonic acid. (nih.gov)
Prostanoids (e.g., prostaglandins ) and leukotrienes (a related group of lipids ) are derived by enzymatic synthesis from one of three 20-carbon fatty acids , the most important being arachidonic acid . (britannica.com)
Leukotrienes, for example, are powerful bronchoconstrictors, and they are believed to be synthesized and released during asthmatic attacks. (britannica.com)
A simplification of this process is as follows: Cell injury results in the release of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, bradykinin, substance P, and other autacoids. (nationalacademies.org)
Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 75 (3), 197-202. (springer.com)
The eicosanoid family encompasses thromboxanes, prostacyclins, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), epoxyeicosatrienic acids (EETs), lipoxins, and isoprostanes, the last of which can be generated by nonenzymatic oxidative mechanisms and may serve as markers of oxidative stress in humans. (jci.org)
Poultry PM also significantly induced the release of COX- and LOX-catalyzed eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxane A2 and leukotrienes B4 and C4) and upstream activation of AA LOX in the cells. (cdc.gov)

Thus, the release reaction and prostaglandin synthesis act to consolidate the initial hemostatic plug by promoting the participation of other platelets in the growing hemostatic plug. (medscape.com)
Because AA is the substrate for Pxt, we propose that ATGL releases AA from LDs to drive PG synthesis necessary for follicle development. (biorxiv.org)
Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. (hmdb.ca)

2. There was a progressive decline during pregnancy in sensitivity of platelets to inhibition of the arachidonic acid-induced release reaction by agents which act via cyclic AMP. (portlandpress.com)

These pyrogens induce cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), which catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins (PG) from arachidonic acid. (nih.gov)
Bergström stated in his 1982 Nobel lecture that, following the structural assignments of the six PGs, "These 20-carbon prostaglandins have cis -double bonds located as in certain essential fatty acids, when counting from the carboxyl. (jci.org)

This enzyme releases arachidonic acid, the precursor of CysLTs, from the cell membranes, upon activation. (lu.se)

They release proaggregatory materials (eg, ADP) by the release reaction, and they synthesize thromboxane A 2 from arachidonic acid. (medscape.com)

Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2. (nih.gov)
Celebrex inhibits a specific cyclooxygenase enzyme, Cox-2, which converts arachidonic acid released from the cell membranes by the phospholipase A2 enzyme, or PLA2, into lipid mediators of inflammation. (asbmb.org)
3-[3-Amino-4-(indan-2-yloxy)-5-(1-methyl-1 H -indazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-propionic acid (AK106-001616) is a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of the cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) enzyme. (aspetjournals.org)

Type I reactions (i.e., immediate hypersensitivity reactions) involve immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils. (medscape.com)
These processes involve the release of immunological mediators, which trigger the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus, leading to an increase in the body's core temperature. (nih.gov)
Sensitization and hyperalgesia involve the release of various chemical mediators (Hargreaves and Dubner, 1991). (nationalacademies.org)
Eicosanoids are water-soluble mediators of inflammation that all are derived from arachidonic acid released from the cell membrane by PLA2 and then modified by various enzymes, including Cox-2. (asbmb.org)
The current study for the first time revealed that the poultry PM-induced IL-8 release from the respiratory epithelial cells was regulated upstream by reactive oxygen species, cPLA2-, COX- and LOX-derived eicosanoid lipid signal mediators. (cdc.gov)

and releases arachidonic acid from tissue phospholipids which mediate or modulate one or more cardiovascular effects of angiotensin Bay 65-1942 HCl II and has been implicated in hypertension. (immune-source.com)
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid which is released from the sn2 position of membrane phospholipids by the activity of phospholipases (PLs) and among them it is noteworthy the role of cytosolic(c)PLA 2 . (frontiersin.org)
AA is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid which is released from the sn2 position of membrane phospholipids by the activity of cPLA 2 . (frontiersin.org)
Esterified fatty acids were hydrolyzed from lipids such as triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters using sequential treatment with acid then base. (cdc.gov)

In slices prelabeled with [3H]DA, exposure to BPB, U-73122 and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor) significantly increased spontaneous outflow of tritium whereas the cyclooxygenase inhibitors aspirin and indomethacin did not. (aspetjournals.org)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation. (springer.com)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) then stimulates the release of neurotransmitters (cAMP), increasing body temperature. (nih.gov)

The released ADP acts on the P2Y12 receptor on other platelets, thereby activating them and recruiting them to the site of injury. (msdmanuals.com)

The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (hindawi.com)
The local action of these released peptides are known to increase tissue blood flow, capillary permeability, and inflammatory cell activities ( Holzer, 1988 ). (jneurosci.org)
Effect of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory gene expression in healthy humans. (springer.com)
Link to all annotated objects annotated to arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in inflammatory response. (planteome.org)
This mini-review focuses on biological agents, new inhaled long-acting bronchodilators and corticosteroids, arachidonic acid pathway blockers, bronchial thermoplasty plus a range of other anti-inflammatory agents that have been recently licensed or are at an advanced stage of development for patients with severe asthma (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
The mainstay of outpatient management is anti-inflammatory therapy with 5-a minosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations. (medscape.com)
This information is important because endotoxin is released during multiplication or bacterial death, causing a series of biological effects that lead to an inflammatory reaction and resorption of mineralized tissues. (bvsalud.org)

Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
Role of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on tumorigenesis. (springer.com)
Dietary fatty acids and membrane protein function. (springer.com)
This report presents dietary intake estimates for fats and fatty acids from the and cholesterol intakes in order to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000, for the U.S. reduce one's risk of cardiovascular population. (cdc.gov)
Diets high in saturated fats and Examination Surveys (NHANES) and essential fatty acids from the diet, dietary cholesterol tend to raise blood provide information on the health and and aid in the absorption and transport cholesterol levels and increase a nutritional status of the civilian, of fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids. (cdc.gov)
Dietary fat is often classified based encouraged to limit the amount of in 1999, the NHANES became a on the predominant types of fatty acids saturated fat and cholesterol in their continuous survey. (cdc.gov)

AGT is a high molecular weight molecule (49.548), made up of 453 amino acids (aa) synthesized in the liver. (hindawi.com)
Antioxidant, detoxifying pollutants and protecting against… and a sugar protein Proteins are large molecules consisting of chains of amino acids. (patrickholford.com)
Evolved Genetics Nitra Bay +Pump is an exceptional protein booster formulation made from the goodness of Glutamine, Amino acids, and a special ingredient - Arachidonic acid. (evolvedgenetics.com)

Not only did incubation of WB cells with 20:4(n-6) result in the translocation of PKC alpha, delta, and epsilon to a particulate fraction, it was found that the fatty acid failed to activate MAPK in cells pretreated for 26 h with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which depleted WB cells of PKC alpha, delta and epsilon. (nih.gov)
Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
More importantly, this finding shattered a dogma of the time that held that fatty acids played only structural roles in cells, thus opening the way for discovery of the many other important bioactive fatty acid-derived products. (jci.org)
was used to measure total fatty acid concentrations in plasma. (cdc.gov)
PFB-fatty acid derivatives were injected onto a capillary gas chromatographic column to resolve individual cis -fatty acids of interest from other matrix constituents. (cdc.gov)
for each fatty acid, recovery was estimated and results were adjusted using the most appropriate isotopically-labeled internal standard. (cdc.gov)
Fragmentation of PFB-fatty acid esters using negative chemical ionization (NCI) resulted in a reproducible loss of the PFB moiety giving a stable carboxylate anion (mass minus 1 amu). (cdc.gov)

Because this mechanism is relatively insensitive to drug action, the most important group of drugs that affect the neuromuscular junction act on (1) acetylcholine release, (2) acetylcholine receptors, or (3) the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (which normally inactivates acetylcholine to terminate muscle fibre contraction). (britannica.com)

Further, lipidomic analysis detects arachidonic acid (AA) containing triglycerides in ovaries. (biorxiv.org)

Each gram of the 0.05% cream contains clobetasol propionate 0.5 mg in a cream base of cetyl alcohol, chlorocresol, citric acid, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl stearate/polyethylene glycol 100 stearate, propylene glycol, purified water, sodium citrate, stearyl alcohol, and white wax. (nih.gov)
Each gram of Locoid Lipocream (hydrocortisone butyrate) contains 1 mg hydrocortisone butyrate in a hydrophilic base consisting of cetostearyl alcohol, ceteth-20, mineral oil, white petrolatum, citric acid, sodium citrate, propylparaben and butylparaben (preservatives) and water. (globalrph.com)
In times of high metabolic demand and adequate availability of oxygen, elevated calcium in mitochondria can increase ATP production by stimulation of three enzymes in the Krebs citric acid cycle: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenase. (benbest.com)

selectively catalyzes release of AA from tissue lipids12 and Ang II is known to Bay 65-1942 HCl activate cPLA2 to release AA cPLA2 appears to mediate the hypertensive effect of Ang II via AA release. (immune-source.com)

The liberation of phosphate from ATP is a source of cellular energy that results in ADP (Adenosine DiPhosphate) and hydrogen ion (acid). (benbest.com)

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) generated from arachidonic acid through cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases have many biological functions. (frontiersin.org)
All EETs are metabolized to the less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). (frontiersin.org)
In the CYP pathway, AA is converted to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-HETE by CYP epoxygenases and CYP ω-hydroxylases, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
All EETs are then further metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) forming the less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). (frontiersin.org)

Countering NADH production, calcium action on the mitochondrial permeability transition pores increases inner membrane permeability thereby reducing proton potential, causing the matrix to swell and ultimately releasing cytochrome c (an initiator of apoptosis). (benbest.com)

In some segments enhanced detector sensitivity was used to quantitate low abundance fatty acids. (cdc.gov)

During activation, the granules are centralized and their contents are discharged into the lumen of the open canalicular system, from which they are then released to the exterior (the release reaction). (medscape.com)

Human lung epithelial cells (A549) in culture were treated with the poultry PM (0.1-1.0 mg) for different lengths of time, following which PLA2 activity, release of eicosanoids and secretion of IL-8 in cells were determined. (cdc.gov)

activation most likely through the release of arachidonic acid and generation of eicosanoids with predominant pro-hypertensive effects and activation of one or more signaling molecules including ERK1/2 and cSrc. (immune-source.com)
Edward Dennis The eicosanoids have various biological effects, but because they are so similar, each representing a different minor modification to arachidonic acid, it was difficult to tell them apart. (asbmb.org)

In the present study, we investigated the effect of LPS on the releasing function of afferent terminals as measured by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in ex vivo perfused rat trachea, and examined the possible role of the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as intermediaries in this effect. (jneurosci.org)
These findings suggest that endotoxin treatment generated cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α that regulated the peripheral releasing function of primary sensory afferents by sensitizing the terminals and facilitating peptide release. (jneurosci.org)

In addition, drugs that block components of the arachidonic acid pathway that targets neutrophilic asthma and CRTH2 receptor antagonists that inhibit the proinflammatory actions of prostaglandin D 2 may become available. (biomedcentral.com)

This article reviews the current knowledge and experimental research about the mechanisms by which fatty acids and their derivatives control specific gene expression involved during carcinogenesis. (springer.com)

10 microM) increased electrically evoked overflow of endogenous DA from rat striatal slices and appeared to partially block the modulatory effects of the D-2 DA receptor agonist N-0437 on this release. (aspetjournals.org)

The cascade of arachidonic acid (AA). (frontiersin.org)

In low micromolar concentrations, BPB, U-73122 and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, but not aspirin and indomethacin, inhibited uptake of [3H]DA into striatal synaptosomes and binding of [3H]mazindol to the DA transporter. (aspetjournals.org)
Uptake of long chain fatty acids is regulated by dynamic interaction of FAT/CD36 with cholesterol/sphingolipid enriched microdomains (lipid rafts). (springer.com)

norepinephrine and dopamine also are released. (vin.com)

These cells are popular because they are able to synthesize and release catecholamines in a similar manner as dopaminergic neurons and adrenal medullary chromaffin cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, arachidonic acid is not considered as one of the essential fatty acids since the body can synthesize arachidonic acid from linoleic acid [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), ciglitazone and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Malaysia). (biomedcentral.com)

Upon entering the interstitial fluid in the mucosa where the pH approaches neutrality, HF dissociates to release fluoride and hydrogen ions which can cause tissue damage. (nationalacademies.org)

In contrast, arachidonic acid (30 microM) produced no effects. (aspetjournals.org)
Palmitic acid is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent. (hmdb.ca)

This effect was associated with Ca2+ influx and platelet degranulation, as revealed by adenosine triphosphate release. (nih.gov)

Arachidonic acid (20:4(n-6)), which is released by cells responding to a wide range of stimuli, may play an important role in intracellular signaling. (nih.gov)
Serum from preeclamptic women, when applied to human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures, produces no morphologic abnormalities in the cells but releases procoagulants, vasoconstrictors, and mitogens. (health.am)
Excessive glutamate release resulting in excessive Ca +2 entry into cells is the excitotoxicity which initiates the brain ischemic damage seen in stroke and cardiac arrest. (benbest.com)
In the current study, the potential of two omega-6 fatty acids (i.e. arachidonic acid and linoleic acid) in alleviating 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + )-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells was examined. (biomedcentral.com)
Cultured PC12 cells were either treated with MPP + alone or co-treated with one of the omega-6 fatty acids for 1 day. (biomedcentral.com)
Both linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are able to inhibit MPP + -induced toxicity in PC12 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This is the first study to examine the protective role of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid and their potential interaction in a Parkinson's disease model simulated by exposing PC12 cells to MPP + neurotoxin. (biomedcentral.com)
Poultry PM also significantly induced release of IL-8 by the cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was significantly attenuated by the calcium chelating agents, antioxidants and COX- and LOX-specific inhibitors. (cdc.gov)

Following base hydrolysis, the samples were re-acidified and total fatty acids were hexane-extracted from the matrix along with internal standards. (cdc.gov)

Measurement of concentrations (µmol/L) of 24 fatty acids in a 1,845 sample subset of NHANES 2003-2004 plasma samples. (cdc.gov)

This leads to the model that LDs both sequester AA to limit toxicity, and release AA via ATGL to drive PG production. (biorxiv.org)

Caution should be used when using BPB and nordihydroguaiaretic acid to study mechanisms involved in DA release, because these compounds may increase DA release and thereby appear to antagonize the effects of activation of presynaptic receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
The present study, to our knowledge, is the first to report that polyunsaturated fatty acids can cause the activation of MAPK. (nih.gov)

Newborns rely on nonshivering thermogenesis to metabolize brown adipose tissue (BAT) and release energy. (nih.gov)

We observed that capsaicin-induced (0.1 μ m ) tracheal CGRP release was significantly enhanced in the LPS-treated animals after 5 hr. (jneurosci.org)
Linoleic acid (50 and 100 μM) significantly reduced MPP + -induced cell death back to ~85-90% of the control value. (biomedcentral.com)

1999. Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard (HD): Cytokine release using a non-enzymatic detachment procedure. (cdc.gov)

Essential fatty acids: biochemistry, physiology and pathology. (springer.com)
Can essential fatty acids reduce the burden of disease(s)? (springer.com)
In U. N. DAs (Ed.), Metabolic syndrome pathophysiology: the role of essential fatty acids (pp. 181-200). (springer.com)
Therefore, linoleic acid is classified as one of the essential fatty acids. (biomedcentral.com)

AT1 and AT2 are involved in various physiological changes such as an increase in BP, volume overload, and facilitation of aldosterone release. (hindawi.com)

Hydrochloric Acid and/or Sodium Hydroxide may be added to adjust the pH to 5.5-5.6. (rxlist.com)

This enhancement of the peptide release by LPS was blocked by IL-1β tripeptide antagonist Lys- d -Pro-Thr (10 μ m ) and mimicked by IL-1β and TNF-α (10-100 pg/ml), suggesting that the potentiating effect of LPS on CGRP release is mediated by generation of IL-1β and TNF-α. (jneurosci.org)

Balsalazide is a prodrug that is converted into 5-aminosalicyclic acid through bacterial azoreduction. (medscape.com)

Accumulation of carbon dioxide results in carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ), which further increases acidity. (benbest.com)
Indeed, evidence obtained with isotopically labeled 20-carbon fatty acids incubated with sheep vesicular glands, an abundant source of PGs, confirmed this assumption. (jci.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs56

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes5

Metabolism7

Metabolites5

Conversion of arachidonic acid2

Leukotrienes7

Synthesis3

Inhibition1

Prostaglandins2

Precursor1

Thromboxane1

Phospholipase3

Mediators5

Phospholipids4

Lipoxygenase1

Inflammation1

PGE21

Platelets1

Inflammatory7

Dietary6

Amino acids3

Fatty acid7

Enzyme1

Triglycerides1

Citric acid3

Mediate1

Adenosine DiPhosphate1

EETs4

Cytochrome1

Sensitivity1

Reaction1

Epithelial1

Eicosanoids2

Cytokines2

Pathway1

Derivatives1

Receptor1

Cascade1

Uptake2

Dopamine1

Synthesize2

Bromide1

Mucosa1

Contrast2

Platelet1

Cells8

Matrix1

NHANES1

Toxicity1

Activation2

Tissue1

Significantly2

Cytokine1

Essential4

Facilitation1

Sodium1

Antagonist1

Bacterial1

Carbon2