Regulation muscle contraction. Medical search. Frequent questions

In physiology, muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening because muscle tension can be produced without changes in muscle length, such as when holding something heavy in the same position. (wikipedia.org)
Later as a postdoc I moved into exercise physiology focused work investigating the regulation of glycogen breakdown, glycogen synthesis and glucose transport in isolated rodent muscle preparations. (gih.se)
PURPOSE: To examine effects of chronic resistance-type training in a CMT1A rat model, using stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs), on muscle performance, physiology and PMP22 gene expression. (cdc.gov)
This includes the structure of the organ systems (anatomy, histology) and their function and regulation (physiology). (lu.se)

The termination of muscle contraction is followed by muscle relaxation, which is a return of the muscle fibers to their low tension-generating state. (wikipedia.org)
A single motor neuron is able to innervate multiple muscle fibers, thereby causing the fibers to contract at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
Tropomyosin proteins regulate the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction) by controlling the binding of two muscle proteins, myosin and actin. (medlineplus.gov)
Skeletal muscle is made up of two types of muscle fibers: type I (slow twitch fibers) and type II (fast twitch fibers). (medlineplus.gov)
Slow muscle α-tropomyosin is found only in type I fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
Type I fibers are the primary component of skeletal muscles that are resistant to fatigue. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, muscles involved in posture, such as the neck muscles that hold the head steady, are made predominantly of type I fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
Slow muscle α-tropomyosin helps regulate muscle contraction in type I skeletal muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
These mutations change single amino acids in slow muscle α-tropomyosin and are thought to impair the protein's ability to interact with myosin and actin within type I skeletal muscle fibers, disrupting muscle contraction. (medlineplus.gov)
Actin proteins are important for cell movement and the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction). (medlineplus.gov)
Accordingly, the volume of SR tubules localized around the myofibrils is strongly reduced in skeletal muscle fibers of 4- and 10-month-old sAnk1 knockout (KO) mice, while additional structural alterations only develop with aging. (mdpi.com)
To verify whether the lack of sAnk1 also alters intracellular Ca 2+ handling, cytosolic Ca 2+ levels were analyzed in stimulated skeletal muscle fibers from 4- and 10-month-old sAnk1 KO mice. (mdpi.com)
The tips of the Purkinje fibers are electrically coupled to muscle cells and the working myocytes are longitudinally connected via gap junctions, thereby initiating a coordinated, efficient contraction of the ventricles. (medscape.com)

The phosphorylation of smooth muscle regulatory light chain by MLCK is the basic requirement for smooth muscle contraction and hollow organ physiological activities [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Define The Molecular And Cellular Bases Of Physiological Regulation And Cell Signaling. (uaeu.ac.ae)
This synapse connects motoneurons to muscles and is responsible for muscle contraction, a physiological process that is essential for survival. (nih.gov)
However, the physiological regulation of this improvement is not known. (cdc.gov)
Heat regulation depends on a combination of physiological and environmental factors. (cdc.gov)

Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
Brian's current research projects are investigating exercise and nutrient interventions to optimise skeletal muscle and whole-body metabolism in populations across the health and lifespan. (ul.ie)
Therefore, the regulation of whole-body metabolism by skeletal muscle contraction and myokine release is of specific interest. (ul.ie)
Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)
In my early career (PhD) I focused on the influence of changing microvascular blood flow on skeletal muscle metabolism and its role in insulin action and T2D, in both human and rodents. (gih.se)
Since moving to GIH I have focused on human based studies looking again at the importance of muscle carbohydrate metabolism, specifically determining the role of skeletal muscle fiber type in insulin sensitivity to greater understand insulin action in muscle and how this relates to the development of type 2 diabetes. (gih.se)
Magnesium is a mineral that is critical for energy production and metabolism, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and bone mineralization. (allstarhealth.com)

It is suggested that the phosphorylation of MLC catalyzed by Ca 2+ -calmodulin- (CAM-) dependent MLCK and dephosphorylation catalyzed by MLCP help regulate the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
The contraction of one segment is accompanied by relaxation of the segment immediately in front. (elifesciences.org)
Found in fortified varieties of orange juice, calcium plays an important role in muscle contraction, nerve transmission and the contraction and relaxation of the cardiovascular system. (culinary.net)
Adrenaline acts on ß1 receptors in the heart muscle to enhance contractility, increase the heart rate, and increase the rate of relaxation (lusitropy) via activation of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, PKA. (bvsalud.org)
At low-Ca2+, C-terminal domains of troponin-I (TnI) trap tropomyosin in a position on thin filaments that interferes with myosin-binding, thus causing muscle relaxation. (bvsalud.org)

IHC-P: Human cardiac muscle and spleen tissues. (abcam.com)

While endothelial PARs help in the regulation of vascular tone and permeability, those in smooth muscles mediate contraction, proliferation and hypertrophy. (anaspec.com)

Animal experiments revealed that STZ treatment rendered female rats more susceptible to induction of diabetes than their male littermates with significantly lower plasma insulin levels due to hormonal regulation. (karger.com)
The course describes the neural and hormonal control mechanisms, biochemistry of muscular contraction, lactation, circulation, respiration, and defense mechanisms of the body. (uaeu.ac.ae)
such as muscle contraction/exercise, hormonal regulation and disease states. (gih.se)

Slow muscle α-tropomyosin is found in skeletal muscles, which are the muscles used for movement. (medlineplus.gov)
This gene provides instructions for making a protein called skeletal alpha (α)-actin, which is a member of the actin protein family found in skeletal muscles. (medlineplus.gov)

Contractions can be described as isometric if the muscle tension changes but the muscle length remains the same. (wikipedia.org)
When muscle tension changes without any corresponding changes in muscle length, the muscle contraction is described as isometric. (wikipedia.org)
An isometric contraction of a muscle generates tension without changing length. (wikipedia.org)
METHODS: Dorsiflexor muscles of young (12 wks) wild-type (WT) and CMT1A rats were exposed 3 times/week for 4.5-weeks to a protocol of either isometric (ISO) contractions (serving as metabolic control) or 80 maximal, non-injurious SSCs per exposure in vivo. (cdc.gov)
Initial (control) and final (ISO or SSC) static muscle performance and static muscle quality (i.e. isometric force/normalized mass) were quantified for the tibialis anterior (TA). (cdc.gov)

Functional analysis showed that the muscle contraction, immune system/inflammation, and extracellular matrix pathways were the most affected pathways. (cdc.gov)

The specific effects of these TPM3 gene mutations are unclear, but researchers suggest they may interfere with normal actin-myosin binding, impairing muscle contraction and resulting in the muscle weakness that occurs in cap myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
Actin-accumulation myopathy is a disorder that primarily affects skeletal muscles, which are muscles that the body uses for movement. (medlineplus.gov)
People with actin-accumulation myopathy have severe muscle weakness (myopathy) and poor muscle tone (hypotonia) throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
The severe muscle weakness that occurs in actin-accumulation myopathy also affects the muscles used for breathing. (medlineplus.gov)
The name actin-accumulation myopathy derives from characteristic accumulations in muscle cells of filaments composed of a protein called actin . (medlineplus.gov)
Dysfunctional actin-ATP binding may result in abnormal thin filament formation and impair muscle contraction, leading to muscle weakness and the other signs and symptoms of actin-accumulation myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
Tropomyosin, controlled by troponin-linked Ca2+-binding, regulates muscle contraction by a macromolecular scale steric-mechanism that governs myosin-crossbridge-actin interactions. (bvsalud.org)

The function of nerves and muscles is dependent on potassium and calcium ions. (medicinenet.com)
Current available data suggest that adequate calcium intakes may play a role in body weight regulation and have therapeutic benefits in the management of moderate-to-severe premenstrual symptoms. (oregonstate.edu)
Magnesium status is also important for regulation of calcium balance through its effects on the parathyroid gland. (allstarhealth.com)

The body becomes rigid, leading to generalized muscular contractions. (medscape.com)

In vertebrates, skeletal muscle contractions are neurogenic as they require synaptic input from motor neurons. (wikipedia.org)

Studies performed on patient biopsies, transgenic mice, and muscle cultures have provided a more comprehensive view of the connectome at the NMJ that should be useful for understanding the differences in the symptoms observed in specific CMSs due to mutated proteins in the synaptic cleft. (nih.gov)

Therefore, neither length nor tension is likely to remain the same in skeletal muscles that contract during locomotion. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we report on a novel circuit for the propagation of waves of muscle contraction, using the peristaltic locomotion of Drosophila larvae as a model system. (elifesciences.org)
For example, during axial locomotion such as lamprey swimming and Drosophila larval crawling, muscles present in each segment are sequentially activated along the body axis in a stereotypic temporal and spatial pattern ( Grillner, 2003 ). (elifesciences.org)

Brian's research interests are primarily focused on the plasticity and metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in response to exercise and how this can be modified through interaction with nutrition. (ul.ie)

This occurs when a muscle's force of contraction matches the total load on the muscle. (wikipedia.org)
This occurs when the force generated by the muscle exceeds the load opposing its contraction. (wikipedia.org)
This occurs throughout the length of the muscle, generating a force at the origin and insertion, causing the muscle to shorten and changing the angle of the joint. (wikipedia.org)
It is generally believed that sustained contraction mainly occurs through Ca 2+ sensitization. (hindawi.com)
This most likely occurs from defects in postreceptor insulin signal transduction at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase ( 6 - 9 ) as well as defects in trafficking and/or function of GLUT4 ( 10 , 11 ), the major insulin-regulated GLUT isoform expressed in skeletal muscle ( 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

In summary, our data suggest that the activation of AMPK and its regulation of cell surface GLUT3 expression is critical in mediating neuronal tolerance to excitotoxicity. (jneurosci.org)
Glucose transport can be activated in skeletal muscle in response to insulin via activation of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase and in response to contractions or hypoxia, presumably via activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (diabetesjournals.org)
We determined the effects of insulin and muscle contraction/hypoxia on PI 3-kinase, AMPK, and glucose transport activity in epitrochlearis skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant Zucker ( fa/ fa ) rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
Isoform-specific AMPK activity was measured in skeletal muscle in response to insulin, contraction, or hypoxia. (diabetesjournals.org)
Contraction increased AMPKα1 activity 2.3-fold in lean rats, whereas no effect was noted in obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
Regardless of genotype, contraction, and hypoxia, each increased AMPKα2 activity more than fivefold, whereas insulin did not alter either AMPKα1 or -α2 activity in skeletal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
In conclusion, obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with an isoform-specific impairment in AMPKα1 in response to contraction. (diabetesjournals.org)
Activation of AMPKα2 in response to muscle contraction/ exercise is associated with a parallel and normal increase in glucose transport in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)

The lower tip of the heart, called the apex, points toward the left hip and rests on the diaphragm (a membrane of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity). (encyclopedia.com)
Membrane of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. (encyclopedia.com)

the joints of the hand do not move, but muscles generate sufficient force to prevent the object from being dropped. (wikipedia.org)

These results uncover a mechanism that couples mTORC2-dependent activation of PKN2 to the regulation of mTORC1-mediated nutrient signalling by local lipid signals. (nature.com)
Role of muscle fiber composition in development of lipid-mediated insulin resistance3. (gih.se)

A key factor for the normal functioning of this synapse is the regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the synaptic cleft. (nih.gov)
A number of mutations in synaptic genes expressed in motoneurons or muscle cells have been identified and are causative for a class of neuromuscular diseases called congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs). (nih.gov)

The mechanisms of contraction in these muscle tissues are similar to those in skeletal muscle tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Isoproterenol enhances force production in mouse glycolytic and oxidative muscle via separate mechanisms. (gih.se)

They require replenishment in large amounts every day via our diet and are involved in nerve transmission and cell signaling, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health, energy production, and more. (bodybio.com)

They also participate in the regulation of the contraction of smooth muscles, including the smooth muscles of blood vessels. (selfgrowth.com)
MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of asthma, the goal of this study is to summarize recent researches on the roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma. (cdc.gov)
MicroRNAs not only participate in determining DCs phenotype and then naive T lymphocyte differentiation, but also participate in the regulation of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. (cdc.gov)

Use of muscle contractile properties to identify individuals exhibiting insulin resistance2. (gih.se)
Insulin resistance after a 3-day fast is associated with an increased capacity of skeletal muscle to oxidize lipids. (gih.se)
Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle was reduced 47% in obese versus lean rats, with a parallel 42% reduction in tyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
Contraction and hypoxia elicited normal responses for glucose transport in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
In people with type 2 diabetes, impaired whole-body insulin-mediated glucose uptake is associated with defects in glucose transport in skeletal muscle ( 2 - 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant diabetic rodents, glucose transport defects are not observed in response to contraction, a stimulus known to increase glucose transport by an insulin-independent mechanism ( 13 - 15 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

PNH usually presents as hemolytic anemia, thrombosis, and smooth muscle dystonias, as well as bone marrow failure in some cases. (medscape.com)

Unlike skeletal muscle, the contractions of smooth and cardiac muscles are myogenic (meaning that they are initiated by the smooth or heart muscle cells themselves instead of being stimulated by an outside event such as nerve stimulation), although they can be modulated by stimuli from the autonomic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
The nervous system to controls the muscle contractions. (medicinenet.com)

In addition, EA repaired the damaged bladder detrusor muscle of diabetic rats by reducing mitochondrial damage of the SMCs and fibroblasts. (hindawi.com)
To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)

Exercise has been shown to improve muscle function in humans with CMT. (cdc.gov)
As binding of miRNAs to a target mRNA may result in an airway inflammatory disease closely correlates with either mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein immune regulation, more and more evidences suggest translation.1 More than 2000 miRNAs have been discovered in humans. (cdc.gov)

Muscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
Animals move by adaptively coordinating the sequential activation of muscles. (elifesciences.org)

Once innervated, the protein filaments within each skeletal muscle fiber slide past each other to produce a contraction, which is explained by the sliding filament theory. (wikipedia.org)
The TPM3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called slow muscle alpha (α)-tropomyosin, which is part of the tropomyosin protein family. (medlineplus.gov)
Act in is a major cytoskeletal protein of mammalian muscle and non-muscle cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Resistance-type exercise results in functional adaptation and reduced PMP22 gene expression in CMT rat muscle. (cdc.gov)
Heat cramps are painful muscle contractions that begin ≥1 hours after stopping exercise and most often involve heavily used muscles in the calves, thighs, and abdomen. (cdc.gov)

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. (planteome.org)
Link to all annotated objects annotated to regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. (planteome.org)
The bladder detrusor smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (hindawi.com)
The level of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation is an important determinant of smooth muscle contraction. (hindawi.com)
The phosphorylation of MLC primarily regulates the force production and maintenance in the smooth muscle [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
The function of striated or smooth muscle is regulated by the balance of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and MLCP activity. (hindawi.com)
The tachyphylactic effect of barium on intestinal smooth muscle. (cdc.gov)

This enzyme regulates the electrochemical gradient of these ions in cells, and plays a central role in osmoregulation and signal transmission in nerves and muscles, among other biological processes. (nih.gov)
Explain Relationships Between Bones, Muscles, Vessels And Nerves Of Different Parts Of The Animal Body. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Identify Various Muscles, Bones, Vessels And Nerves Within The Body Using Anatomical Models And Specimens. (uaeu.ac.ae)
In fluids, these nutrients carry an electric charge, which allows muscles to contract and nerves to transmit signals, and are critical for the human body to function. (culinary.net)

Zhang et al cytokines, mediators and signals and closely related to demonstrated that microRNA let-7i was upregulated immune regulation. (cdc.gov)

Rest and passive stretching of the muscle, supplemented by commercial rehydration solutions or water and salt, rapidly relieve symptoms. (cdc.gov)

I find that this form of magnesium (citrate) works best to help prevent and relieve muscle pain and stiff muscles. (allstarhealth.com)

Small Ankyrins (sAnk1) are muscle-specific isoforms generated by the Ank1 gene that participate in the organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscles. (mdpi.com)

In non-muscle cells, tropomyosin proteins play a role in controlling cell shape. (medlineplus.gov)

However, this impairment does not appear to affect contraction-stimulated glucose transport. (diabetesjournals.org)

The muscles of the gut are also affected when potassium levels are low, causing ballooning of the intestines . (medicinenet.com)

There are a few possible reasons you develop swelling in your hands: normal heat dissipation, muscle inactivity, and less likely dehydration. (beginnertriathlete.com)

In contrast, a muscle contraction is described as isotonic if muscle tension remains the same throughout the contraction. (wikipedia.org)
Determination of skeletal muscle microvascular flowmotion with novel contrast enhanced ultrasound technique. (gih.se)

The fourth-most abundant mineral in the body and essential in the regulation of muscle contraction, cardiac excitability, blood pressure and other vital processes. (culinary.net)

People with nemaline myopathy typically have muscle weakness throughout their body, including the muscles of the face, neck, and limbs. (medlineplus.gov)
When nemaline myopathy is caused by mutations in the TPM3 gene, affected individuals typically have muscle weakness at birth or beginning in early childhood. (medlineplus.gov)

For the contractions to happen, the muscle cells must rely on the interaction of two types of filaments: thin and thick filaments. (wikipedia.org)
Together, these two filaments form myofibrils - the basic functional organelles in the skeletal muscle system. (wikipedia.org)
These filaments can be seen when muscle tissue is viewed under a microscope. (medlineplus.gov)
Attachment (binding) and release of the overlapping thick and thin filaments allows them to move relative to each other so that the muscles can contract. (medlineplus.gov)

The contraction produced can be described as a twitch, summation, or tetanus, depending on the frequency of action potentials. (wikipedia.org)

At least 10 mutations in the TPM3 gene have been found to cause congenital fiber-type disproportion, a disorder that causes general muscle weakness that typically does not worsen over time. (medlineplus.gov)
Inefficient muscle contraction leads to muscle weakness in people with congenital fiber-type disproportion. (medlineplus.gov)

Detect Various Muscles, Organs And Structures Within The Body Using Anatomical Models And Specimens. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Both body temperature regulation and the inaction of hand muscles increase the blood volume in the thin walled peripheral capillaries, and lead to more fluid moving out of the vessels and into the surrounding tissue. (beginnertriathlete.com)
It starts in the jaw, moves to the muscles of the face and eyelids, and then spreads throughout the body. (medscape.com)

Anatomy69

Organisms14

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs90

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Information Science2

Health Care1

Physiology4

Fibers13

Physiological5

Metabolism7

Relaxation5

Cardiac muscle1

Vascular1

Hormonal3

Found in skeletal muscles2

Isometric5

Pathways1

Actin7

Calcium3

Muscular1

Vertebrates1

Mice1

Locomotion3

Metabolic1

Occurs5

AMPK8

Membrane2

Hand do not1

Lipid2

Synaptic2

Mechanisms2

Immune system1

Participate in the regulation3

Insulin6

Bone1

Nervous2

Rats4

Humans2

Activation2

Protein3

Exercise2

Smooth muscle7

Nerves4

Signals1

Symptoms1

Magnesium1

Isoforms1

Tropomyosin1

Glucose1

Potassium1

Heat1

Contrast2

Blood pressure1

Myopathy2

Filaments4

Twitch1

Congenital2

Body3