• Initiated by neural impulses and subsequent calcium release, skeletal muscle fibers contract (actively generate force) as a result of repetitive power strokes of acto-myosin cross-bridges. (frontiersin.org)
  • The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are often known as muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • A skeletal muscle contains multiple fascicles - bundles of muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Muscle fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts in a process known as myogenesis resulting in long multinucleated cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Muscle fibers also have multiple mitochondria to meet energy needs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Muscle fibers are in turn composed of myofibrils. (wikipedia.org)
  • Muscles are predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used, particularly by fast twitch fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscles are substantially composed of multinucleated contractile muscle fibers (myocytes). (wikipedia.org)
  • Apart from the contractile part of a muscle consisting of its fibers, a muscle contains a non-contractile part of dense fibrous connective tissue that makes up the tendon at each end. (wikipedia.org)
  • The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, the capillary blood flow was modulated by changes in diameter of terminal arterioles penetrating within the skeletal muscle fibers, facilitating redistribution of blood flow according to the metabolic demands of tissues. (figshare.com)
  • Accordingly, the volume of SR tubules localized around the myofibrils is strongly reduced in skeletal muscle fibers of 4- and 10-month-old sAnk1 knockout (KO) mice, while additional structural alterations only develop with aging. (mdpi.com)
  • To verify whether the lack of sAnk1 also alters intracellular Ca 2+ handling, cytosolic Ca 2+ levels were analyzed in stimulated skeletal muscle fibers from 4- and 10-month-old sAnk1 KO mice. (mdpi.com)
  • Tropomyosin proteins regulate the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction) by controlling the binding of two muscle proteins, myosin and actin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Skeletal muscle is made up of two types of muscle fibers: type I (slow twitch fibers) and type II (fast twitch fibers). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Slow muscle α-tropomyosin is found only in type I fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Type I fibers are the primary component of skeletal muscles that are resistant to fatigue. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, muscles involved in posture, such as the neck muscles that hold the head steady, are made predominantly of type I fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Slow muscle α-tropomyosin helps regulate muscle contraction in type I skeletal muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations change single amino acids in slow muscle α-tropomyosin and are thought to impair the protein's ability to interact with myosin and actin within type I skeletal muscle fibers, disrupting muscle contraction. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Actin proteins are important for cell movement and the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Thus EPA antagonizes loss of skeletal muscle proteins in cancer cachexia by down-regulation of proteasome expression, and this may also be the mechanism for inhibition of tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Advancing age is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle (SkM) mass and function. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
  • Sarcopenia is generally defined as the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
  • Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Despite clinical and physiologic similarities between RER and MH, we concluded that RER in Thoroughbreds does not resemble the SR ryanodine receptor defect responsible for MH and may represent a novel defect in muscle excitation-contraction coupling, calcium regulation, or contractility. (avma.org)
  • We determined the effects of insulin and muscle contraction/hypoxia on PI 3-kinase, AMPK, and glucose transport activity in epitrochlearis skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant Zucker ( fa/ fa ) rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Contraction and hypoxia elicited normal responses for glucose transport in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Isoform-specific AMPK activity was measured in skeletal muscle in response to insulin, contraction, or hypoxia. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Regardless of genotype, contraction, and hypoxia, each increased AMPKα2 activity more than fivefold, whereas insulin did not alter either AMPKα1 or -α2 activity in skeletal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Activation of AMPKα2 in response to muscle contraction/ exercise is associated with a parallel and normal increase in glucose transport in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant diabetic rodents, glucose transport defects are not observed in response to contraction, a stimulus known to increase glucose transport by an insulin-independent mechanism ( 13 - 15 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin filaments called myofilaments, repeated in units called sarcomeres, which are the basic functional, contractile units of the muscle fiber necessary for muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Is the Subject Area "Muscle contraction" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Therefore, the regulation of whole-body metabolism by skeletal muscle contraction and myokine release is of specific interest. (ul.ie)
  • describe neural, endothelial and pharmacological mediation of excitation-contraction coupling in vascular smooth muscle. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The specific effects of these TPM3 gene mutations are unclear, but researchers suggest they may interfere with normal actin-myosin binding, impairing muscle contraction and resulting in the muscle weakness that occurs in cap myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Inefficient muscle contraction leads to muscle weakness in people with congenital fiber-type disproportion. (medlineplus.gov)
  • and are important for muscle contraction. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dysfunctional actin-ATP binding may result in abnormal thin filament formation and impair muscle contraction, leading to muscle weakness and the other signs and symptoms of actin-accumulation myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
  • Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
  • Under different physiological conditions, subsets of 654 different proteins as well as lipids, amino acids, metabolites and small RNAs are found in the secretome of skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our study indicates that AFB extract improves symptoms of obesity through regulation of energy regulating proteins in muscle tissues. (jkomor.org)
  • These results suggest that EPA induces an attenuation of the up-regulation of proteasome expression in cachectic mice, and this was correlated with an increase in myosin expression, confirming retention of contractile proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In non-muscle cells, tropomyosin proteins play a role in controlling cell shape. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Accumulated evidence from genetic animal models suggests that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, has a key role in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
  • The brain modulates various aspects of metabolism, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production and glucose/fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
  • Here we comprehensively review the above topics, discussing the main findings related to the role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
  • Skeletal muscles from these mice showed augmented mitochondrial DNA replication and mitochondrial biogenesis, up-regulation of mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and electron transport, and reduced susceptibility to fatigue during repetitive contractions. (duke.edu)
  • We have identified a novel, previously unrecognized role for G6PDH in the regulation of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. (edu.au)
  • We investigated the effects of Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (AFB) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice and the regulation of energy metabolism in muscle tissues of mice. (jkomor.org)
  • Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Brian's current research projects are investigating exercise and nutrient interventions to optimise skeletal muscle and whole-body metabolism in populations across the health and lifespan. (ul.ie)
  • Therefore, sorbitol metabolism may contribute to alterations by which skeletal muscle strength is decreased in patients with long-term DM. (hindawi.com)
  • For example, endurance exercise training increases the synthesis and activity of hexokinase II [ 6 , 7 ], which increases the capacity of the skeletal muscle cell to phosphorylate glucose with subsequent metabolism through glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
  • Context-dependent regulation of endothelial cell metabolism: differential effects of the PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 and VEGF-A. Sci Rep. 2020 May 12;10(1):7849. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • Skeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in whole body metabolism, overall health and longevity. (oakland.edu)
  • The DEGs of the different pig breeds and muscle regions were significantly enriched in the biological processes and signaling pathways related to muscle fiber type, IMF deposition, lipid metabolism , PPAR signaling, cAMP signaling, amino acid metabolism , and ECM-receptor interaction. (bvsalud.org)
  • The brain integrates metabolic signals from peripheral tissues such as the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, gut and muscle. (nature.com)
  • We investigate epigenomic and transcriptomic changes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and their association with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic risk. (lu.se)
  • We have generated DNA methylation and mRNA expression array data from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle before and after a 6-months exercise intervention. (lu.se)
  • In people with type 2 diabetes, impaired whole-body insulin-mediated glucose uptake is associated with defects in glucose transport in skeletal muscle ( 2 - 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 13 Juel C, Halestrap A P. Lactate transport in skeletal muscle - role and regulation of the monocarboxylate transporter. (thieme-connect.com)
  • That is, whether acute transient changes in skeletal muscle PRO turnover induced by nutrient manipulation after a single bout of resistance exercise translates into greater gains in lean mass, muscle hypertrophy, and/or exercise performance after chronic training. (lww.com)
  • However, in terms of nuclei present in skeletal muscle, myocyte nuclei may be only half of the nuclei present, while nuclei from resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells make up the other half. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the levels present in skeletal muscle, the type‐2A and type‐2B phosphatases are potentially capable of dephosphorylating site 2 in vivo within seconds. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • We observed an inverse association between G6PDH activity and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and show that increasing NOS activity via the skeletal muscle specific neuronal (n)NOSμ partially suppresses G6PDH activity in skeletal muscle cells. (edu.au)
  • Furthermore, attenuation of G6PDH activity in skeletal muscle cells via (a) increased nNOSμ/NOS activity, (b) pharmacological G6PDH inhibition, or (c) genetic G6PDH inhibition increases insulin-independent glucose uptake. (edu.au)
  • The development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance is an early physiological defect, yet the intracellular mechanisms accounting for this metabolic defect remained unresolved. (edu.au)
  • We, therefore, hypothesized that the increased levels of circulating myostatin may account for the development of skeletal muscle wasting in adrenal insufficiency. (bioone.org)
  • The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)
  • Skeletal muscle membrane vesicles, prepared by differential centrifugation of muscle tissue homogenates obtained from the horses, were characterized for sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) activities, including the Ca 2+ release rate for the ryanodine receptor-Ca 2+ release channel, [ 3 H]ryanodine binding activities, and rate of SR Ca 2+ -ATPase activity and its activation by Ca 2+ . (avma.org)
  • The muscle tissue of a skeletal muscle is striated - having a striped appearance due to the arrangement of the sarcomeres. (wikipedia.org)
  • both of these types of muscle tissue are classified as involuntary, or, under the control of the autonomic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each individual fiber, and each muscle is surrounded by a type of connective tissue layer of fascia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Connective tissue is present in all muscles as deep fascia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of a muscle creatine kinase germline knockout of the gene encoding Ire1/Ern1 shifts the focus from traditional studies of tissue repair toward the regenerating myofibers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • and skeletal muscle tissue. (nih.gov)
  • This demonstrates that age-related constitutive elevations in stress response gene expression was accompanied by diminished SSC-induced responsiveness in epigenomic regulation and tissue remodeling. (cdc.gov)
  • This therefore provides a controversial paradigm in which reduced regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle tissue with age potentially promotes longevity of the organism. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
  • These filaments can be seen when muscle tissue is viewed under a microscope. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 2 Baker S K, McCullagh K J, Bonen A. Training intensity-dependent and tissue-specific increases in lactate uptake and MCT-1 in heart and muscle. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)
  • The epigenome consists of chemical modifications attached to our DNA, which can be altered due to environmental factors, e.g., exercise, and thereby provides dynamic gene regulation and gives each cell or tissue its unique identity and functions. (lu.se)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of insulin and of endurance exercise on skeletal muscle sorbitol levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
  • Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
  • Statin treatment leads to increased oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle cells and leads to upregulation of apoptosis. (medscape.com)
  • This most likely occurs from defects in postreceptor insulin signal transduction at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase ( 6 - 9 ) as well as defects in trafficking and/or function of GLUT4 ( 10 , 11 ), the major insulin-regulated GLUT isoform expressed in skeletal muscle ( 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Although overload-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy is normally associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion, hypertrophic adaptation proceeds in the absence of satellite cells in fully grown adult mice, but not in young growing mice. (uky.edu)
  • In the present study, we demonstrate that IRE1α (also known as ERN1) and its downstream target, XBP1, are activated in skeletal muscle of mice upon injury. (elifesciences.org)
  • Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α dampens Notch signaling and canonical NF-κB pathway in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
  • The body weight (BW), muscle weight, calorie intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum glucose, insulin, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured in mice. (jkomor.org)
  • Soleus muscles from mice bearing a cachexia-inducing tumor (MAC16) showed an increased protein degradation in vitro , as measured by tyrosine release, when compared with muscles from nontumor-bearing animals. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Treatment of mice bearing the MAC16 tumor with the polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), attenuated loss of body weight and significantly suppressed protein catabolism in soleus muscles through an inhibition of an ATP-dependent proteolytic pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway is considered to play a major role in muscle catabolism in cachexia, and functional proteasome activity, as determined by "chymotrypsin-like" enzyme activity, was significantly elevated in gastrocnemius muscle of mice bearing the MAC16 tumor as weight loss progressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Senolytic treatment rescues blunted muscle hypertrophy in old mice. (oakland.edu)
  • We found that TWK10 not only enhanced muscle strength in young mice, but also prevented the aging-related loss of muscle strength in aged mice, which was accompanied by elevated muscle glycogen levels. (frontiersin.org)
  • People with nemaline myopathy typically have muscle weakness throughout their body, including the muscles of the face, neck, and limbs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When nemaline myopathy is caused by mutations in the TPM3 gene, affected individuals typically have muscle weakness at birth or beginning in early childhood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Actin-accumulation myopathy is a disorder that primarily affects skeletal muscles, which are muscles that the body uses for movement. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with actin-accumulation myopathy have severe muscle weakness (myopathy) and poor muscle tone (hypotonia) throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The severe muscle weakness that occurs in actin-accumulation myopathy also affects the muscles used for breathing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The name actin-accumulation myopathy derives from characteristic accumulations in muscle cells of filaments composed of a protein called actin . (medlineplus.gov)
  • ACTA1 gene mutations that cause actin-accumulation myopathy may affect the way the skeletal α-actin protein binds to ATP. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The 3 areas of involvement include (1) the cardiac muscle, which is affected by progressive cardiomyopathy (by far, the most common form of presentation), (2) the CNS, which is affected by encephalopathy caused by hypoketotic hypoglycemia, and (3) the skeletal muscle, which is affected by myopathy. (medscape.com)
  • In disorders of fatty acid oxidation, excessive lipid accumulation occurs in muscle, heart, and liver, with cardiac and skeletal myopathy and hepatomegaly. (medscape.com)
  • To comprehend the myogenic condition of the various types of LacZ+ cellular material we stained serial areas with either x-gal or embryonic myosin (myh3), a marker of muscles differentiation. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Objective -To determine whether an alteration in calcium regulation by skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, similar to known defects that cause malignant hyperthermia (MH), could be identified in membrane vesicles isolated from the muscles of Thoroughbreds with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER). (avma.org)
  • Small Ankyrins (sAnk1) are muscle-specific isoforms generated by the Ank1 gene that participate in the organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscles. (mdpi.com)
  • Skeletal muscle mass is primarily dictated by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. (oakland.edu)
  • Dr. Figueiredo seeks to understand how ribosome biogenesis and ribosome degradation is regulated in myofibers, the muscle cells and how those cellular processes impact on ribosome homeostasis/turnover, muscle protein synthesis and muscle size. (oakland.edu)
  • 181 non-diabetic twins were examined with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with excision of muscle biopsies. (ku.dk)
  • Skeletal muscle sorbitol levels were the highest in the diabetic sedentary no-insulin group. (hindawi.com)
  • therefore sorbitol accumulation is probably not related to muscle dysfunction in insulin-treated diabetic individuals. (hindawi.com)
  • Interestingly, when sorbitol formation was inhibited by giving an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) to streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats, skeletal muscle sorbitol levels were lowered, and muscle contractile properties significantly improved [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Insulin signaling is preserved in skeletal muscle during early diabetic ketoacidosis. (medscape.com)
  • Animal experiments revealed that STZ treatment rendered female rats more susceptible to induction of diabetes than their male littermates with significantly lower plasma insulin levels due to hormonal regulation. (karger.com)
  • Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle was reduced 47% in obese versus lean rats, with a parallel 42% reduction in tyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Age-dependent stress response DNA demethylation and gene upregulation accompany nuclear and skeletal muscle remodeling following acute resistance-type exercise in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • For old rats, a muted transcriptional profile (13 and 2 differentially expressed genes at 6 and 120 h, respectively) coincided with deficiencies in demethylation, muscle remodeling, and torque recovery. (cdc.gov)
  • These neurons project to other hypothalamic nuclei and to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brain stem to control multiple aspects of the homeostatic regulation of energy balance. (nature.com)
  • Dr. Figueiredo's work aims to use knowledge gained from these investigations to develop new strategies and therapies to ameliorate and mitigate muscle atrophy conditions, such as during limb immobilization or bed rest, sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. (oakland.edu)
  • Endurance exercise training promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle and enhances muscle oxidative capacity, but the signaling mechanisms involved are poorly understood. (duke.edu)
  • Brian's research interests are primarily focused on the plasticity and metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in response to exercise and how this can be modified through interaction with nutrition. (ul.ie)
  • A secondary purpose was to determine the benefits of endurance exercise training on skeletal muscle sorbitol accumulation in STZ-induced diabetes. (hindawi.com)
  • Genetic and epigenetic regulation of skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis with exercise. (oakland.edu)
  • Satellite Cell Depletion Disrupts Transcriptional Coordination and Muscle Adaptation to Exercise. (oakland.edu)
  • This includes: 1) Skeletal muscle and the way in which it responds and adapts during exercise. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • In a previous study, we have demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 (TWK10), a probiotic strain isolated from Taiwanese pickled cabbage, improved muscle strength, exercise endurance, and overall body composition in healthy humans. (frontiersin.org)
  • Functional sympatholysis has been identified as an underappreciated cause of poor contracting muscle perfusion (53) and may result in functional changes in exercise capacity (12). (researchgate.net)
  • Herein, we tested the hypothesis that a single high-fat Western meal would impair the ability of contracting skeletal muscle to offset vascular responsiveness to sympathetic activation during exercise, termed functional sympatholysis. (researchgate.net)
  • These factors are central to the Pathway of Adaptation Model and influence the sequence of events responsible for exercise-induced muscle growth and increased strength expression after nutrient ingestion. (lww.com)
  • We previously demonstrated that phosphorylation of Threonine-308 on Akt (pAkt-T308), Akt2 activity, and GS activity in muscle were positivity associated with insulin sensitivity. (ku.dk)
  • The phosphorylation of IRS-1 and AKT was increased significantly in muscle tissues and AMPK phosphorylation and the GLUT4 and Sirt1 expression were decreased significantly in muscle tissues after the AFB administration. (jkomor.org)
  • We discuss implications of our model approach for enhancing muscle models in general, as well as a few aspects regarding the significance of phosphate kinetics as one contributor to muscle fatigue. (frontiersin.org)
  • One of the first books addressing (muscle as well as whole body) fatigue was published at the beginning of the 20th century ( Mosso, 1904 ) and a multitude of research has followed since, see Gandevia (2001) for a thorough review. (frontiersin.org)
  • Commonly, muscle fatigue, i.e., the decline of the generable force level over time, is differentiated between central fatigue , i.e., the inability of the neural network to provide sufficient stimulation, and peripheral fatigue , i.e., the inability of the muscle cells to provide energy through metabolic activities (cf. (frontiersin.org)
  • Myostatin is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscles and involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. (bioone.org)
  • Sorbitol accumulation is postulated to play a role in skeletal muscle dysfunction associated with diabetes. (hindawi.com)
  • We hypothesized that insulin administration would significantly decrease sorbitol accumulation in skeletal muscle. (hindawi.com)
  • Regulation of the intramitochondrial free CoA also is affected, with accumulation of acyl-CoA esters in the mitochondria. (medscape.com)
  • Myomaker is activated primarily in muscle mass progenitors While MP expression of myomaker-LacZ indicates that myomaker is usually actively transcribed in progenitor cells, LacZ activity in myofibers could result from fusion with a LacZ+ MP or direct transcription of myomaker-LacZ from a myonucleus. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • In experimental diabetes, significant alterations in contractile properties of skeletal muscle have been described in [ 3 - 5 ], as have increases in intramuscular sorbitol [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Short-term training increases human muscle MCT1 and femoral venous lactate in relation to muscle lactate. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Here, we have examined the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. (edu.au)
  • A significant reduction in muscle strength is observed in patients with long-term type 1 DM with severe distal motor neuropathy playing a major role [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Longevity and skeletal muscle mass: the role of IGF signalling, the sirtuins, dietary restriction and protein intake. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
  • Purpose ATP could play an important role in skeletal muscle blood flow regulation by inducing vasodilation via purinergic P2 receptors. (researchgate.net)
  • Substantial evidence indicates that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, is primarily responsible for the regulation of energy homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • in other cases, it may primarily affect the muscle, causing weakness. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, the authors expanded the study by conducting in vitro experiments on human skeletal muscle cells to understand the biochemical mechanisms regulating the effect of simvastatin on irisin expression. (medscape.com)
  • Glucose transport can be activated in skeletal muscle in response to insulin via activation of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase and in response to contractions or hypoxia, presumably via activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Transcriptomic Profiling of Meat Quality Traits of Skeletal Muscles of the Chinese Indigenous Huai Pig and Duroc Pig. (bvsalud.org)
  • We assessed the muscle transcriptomic profiles using high-throughput RNA sequencing . (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, several reports indicated that myostatin is secreted into the circulation and the increased levels of circulating myostatin is associated with the induction of skeletal muscle wasting in adult animals. (bioone.org)
  • Muscle biopsy often contributes significantly to the evaluation of patients with neuromuscular disease. (medscape.com)
  • The IMF content in the LD, PM, and BF muscles of Huai pigs was significantly higher than that in Duroc pigs (p (bvsalud.org)
  • Similarly, the content of flavor amino acids in the three muscle groups was significantly higher in Huai pigs than that in Duroc pigs (p (bvsalud.org)
  • AMPK pathways are energy regulation pathways. (springer.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle by CaMK. (duke.edu)
  • To investigate the potential genetic mechanism underlying the meat quality differences in different pig breeds or muscle groups, longissimus dorsi (LD), psoas major (PM), and biceps femoris (BF) muscle tissues were collected from two pig breeds (Huai and Duroc). (bvsalud.org)
  • Simply writing, "R/O polymyositis" or "weakness", or worse, "muscle weakness" (we would not be concerned about weakness of character here, so using the term muscle weakness in this context seems oddly redundant) does not provide the pathologist with any useful clinical information and is a disservice to the patient. (medscape.com)
  • At least 10 mutations in the TPM3 gene have been found to cause congenital fiber-type disproportion, a disorder that causes general muscle weakness that typically does not worsen over time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Type 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced muscle glycogen synthesis. (ku.dk)
  • Front and back views of the major skeletal muscles of the human body There are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the human body, making up around 40% of body weight in healthy young adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • We identified increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity as a common intracellular adaptation that occurs in parallel with the induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and is present across animal and human disease states with an underlying pathology of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. (edu.au)
  • In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin (Hb), as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • Aging is a progressive process associated with negative changes in the physical performance, body composition, learning and memory, social and psychological responses, joints, and metabolic regulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer cachexia is characterized by selective depletion of skeletal muscle protein reserves. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cancer patients with cachexia show a specific depletion of their skeletal muscle mass, whereas the visceral protein compartment remains unchanged (1) . (aacrjournals.org)
  • Muscle carnitine deficiency (restricted to muscle) is characterized by depletion of carnitine levels in muscle with normal serum concentrations. (medscape.com)