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MicrotubulesTubulinMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsNocodazoleColchicineKinesinSpindle ApparatusMicrotubule ProteinsDyneinsMicroscopy, ElectronMitosisTubulin ModulatorsCytoskeletonDemecolcineCentrosomeKinetochoresOrganoidsPaclitaxelMolecular Motor ProteinsMicrotubule-Organizing CenterAnaphaseMicroscopy, FluorescenceFluorescent Antibody TechniqueCentriolesActin CytoskeletonSulfanilamidesActinsCell PolarityMetaphaseProtein BindingAlkaloidsCytoplasmChromosomesSperm TailFlagellatau ProteinsBenomylInterphaseSea UrchinsMicroscopy, VideoTelophaseOrganellesChromosome SegregationGreen Fluorescent ProteinsModels, BiologicalProphaseCiliaVinblastineAxonsCell LineIntermediate FilamentsCytochalasin DHeLa CellsCytochalasinsAxonal TransportDinitrobenzenesRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCells, CulturedMeiosisProtein TransportCell NucleusCattlePodophyllotoxinLuminescent ProteinsCentromereMolecular Sequence DataSalamandridaeAurora KinasesMicroscopy, ConfocalChlamydomonasBrainGuanosine TriphosphateGolgi ApparatusMutationBenzimidazolesEchinodermataMovementCytochalasin BAmino Acid SequenceBiological TransportOvumStathminPolymerizationEukaryotaDrosophila ProteinsAxonemeAntimitotic AgentsCell DivisionCell CycleSpermatocytesAdenosine TriphosphatasesKineticsOocytesThiabendazoleMicroscopy, Phase-ContrastAdenylyl ImidodiphosphatePotoroidaeSchizosaccharomycesProtein Structure, TertiaryDrosophila
ProteinsActinDepolymerizationDynamic microtubulesCytoskeletonBundlesPolymerizationMitoticCytoplasmicDynamicsMitosisDrosophilaBudding yeastMechanismDysfunctionNegative regulationCentrosomesAnaphaseInteractionsLength regulationInteractsStabilizationAxonsKinesinDyneinTubulinProtein kinasesGeneMotilityCytoskeletalIntracellular2016EndoplasmicProcessesCytokinesisFully understoodMolecularCellsTransportMotorCrucialPreventsActivityControlMovement
Proteins19
  • Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. (mcw.edu)
  • Together, our data support a model in which the V409I/A mutations disrupt microtubule regulation typically conferred by XMAP215 proteins during neuronal morphogenesis and migration, and this impact on tubulin activity at the molecular level scales with the impact at the cellular and tissue levels. (elifesciences.org)
  • Microtubule plus-end/positive-end tracking proteins or +TIPs are a type of microtubule associated protein (MAP) which accumulate at the plus ends of microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the basic known functions of +TIPs, the proteins are crucial for the linkages between microtubule ends and other cellular structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • TIPs can bind microtubule ends to the cell cortex by colliding to plasma membrane-associated proteins or in the case of some +TIPs, directly to the actin fiber. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microtubule plus-end trafficking proteins engage in microtubule actin crosstalk, such as the CLIP-170 (+TIP) that controls actin polymerization-a necessity in mammalian phagocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 20 different families of microtubule plus-end trafficking proteins (+TIPs) have been discovered since the first finding of +TIP CLIP-170 (CLIP1) in 1999. (wikipedia.org)
  • The end-binding proteins (EB proteins), have a precise N-terminal domain which is accountable for microtubule binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • The EBH domain and or the EEY/F motif allow the EB proteins to physically interrelate with an array of +TIP in order to recruit them to microtubule ends. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other classes of +TIPs include the cytoskeleton-associated proteins which are known for their glycine rich domain and a special conserved hydrophobic cavity which permits them to confer interactions with microtubules and EB proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding of microtubule plus-end trafficking proteins has greatly expanded since the discovery of CLAP1, and surely will continue to expand as predicted by many researchers and cytologists. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biology portal Microtubules Microtubule associated protein Proteins Mitotic spindle Tubulin Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinetochores Centrosomes F-actin Akhmanova, Anna (2005). (wikipedia.org)
  • A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)
  • The experiments also found that oMAP4 can create links between different microtubules and act as a brake to prevent the filaments being moved excessively by motor proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)
  • His doctoral thesis, entitled "Functional Analyses of Microtubule Severing Proteins in the Central Nervous System," showcased his extensive knowledge and expertise in the field. (drexel.edu)
  • During development, maturation of nascent branches depends on stabilization of newly assembled or transported microtubules, which are thought to be regulated by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). (jefferson.edu)
  • The 33-residue LIS1 homology (LisH) motif is found in eukaryotic intracellular proteins involved in microtubule dynamics, cell migration, nucleokinesis and chromosome segregation. (embl.de)
  • Microtubules serve as a rail on which motor proteins, such as kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins, convey their cargoes. (embl.de)
Actin5
Depolymerization3
  • Moreover, MAP7 binds to the acetylated and stable region of individual microtubules and avoids the dynamic plus end, thereby creating a boundary that prevents microtubule depolymerization and rescues microtubule polymerization. (jefferson.edu)
  • This unique binding property, which is not observed for other MAPs, can prevent branch retraction caused by laser-induced severing or nocodazole-induced microtubule depolymerization. (jefferson.edu)
  • MAP7 also binds to the acetylated region of microtubules to prevent depolymerization and rescue polymerization. (jefferson.edu)
Dynamic microtubules2
Cytoskeleton2
  • The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • These phosphotyrosine motifs are essential for AFAP1L1-mediated cytoskeleton regulation. (nature.com)
Bundles2
  • The morphology and physiology of axons crucially depends on the parallel bundles of microtubules (MTs), running all along to serve as their structural backbones and highways for life-sustaining cargo transport and organelle dynamics. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, +TIPs aid in advocating organization of specialized microtubule arrays (an oft-cited example being the discrete arrangement of bipolar microtubule bundles in fission yeast). (wikipedia.org)
Polymerization4
  • These neuronal phenotypes are accompanied by increased microtubule acetylation and polymerization rates. (elifesciences.org)
  • To determine the molecular mechanisms, we modeled the V409I/A mutants in budding yeast and found that they promote intrinsically faster microtubule polymerization rates in cells and in reconstitution experiments with purified tubulin. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, ATO dysregulated microtubule polymerization via the CLIP170/LIS1/NDEL1/dynein signaling pathway in Cal27 cells as a functional consequence of CLIP170 zinc finger disruption. (nih.gov)
  • MAP7 Prevents Axonal Branch Retraction by Creating a Stable Microtubule Boundary to Rescue Polymerization. (jefferson.edu)
Mitotic3
  • In mitosis, +TIPs allocate microtubule addition and promote dynamical regulation at mitotic kinetochores. (wikipedia.org)
  • and regulation of mitotic spindle assembly. (nih.gov)
  • Up-regulation of the mitotic checkpoint component Mad1 causes chromosomal instability and resistance to microtubule poisons. (bvsalud.org)
Cytoplasmic4
  • The protein localizes to the cytoplasmic microtubule network and binds APCL, a homolog of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene. (nih.gov)
  • It is suggested that LisH motifs contribute to the regulation of microtubule dynamics, either by mediating dimerisation, or else by binding cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain or microtubules directly. (embl.de)
  • Regulation of cytoplasmic dynein behaviour and microtubule organization bymammalian Lis1. (embl.de)
  • Here we showthat Lis1 is enriched in neurons relative to levels in other cell types,and that Lis1 interacts with the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein.Production of more Lis1 in non-neuronal cells increases retrogrademovement of cytoplasmic dynein and leads to peripheral accumulation ofmicrotubules. (embl.de)
Dynamics1
  • ATO at non-cytotoxic level (1 μM) inhibited the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells by displacing zinc in the zinc finger motif of CLIP170, which is a key protein that controls microtubule dynamics. (nih.gov)
Mitosis1
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers both historical and recent developments in our understanding of mitosis and its regulation. (cshlpress.com)
Drosophila1
  • These data support a model in which Tum/RacGAP, via its interaction with Pbl, provides a critical link between the anaphase microtubule spindle and cytokinetic furrow formation in Drosophila cells. (biologists.com)
Budding yeast1
  • Moreover, +TIP complexes in budding yeast are utilized for myosin-based transport of microtubule ends. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism6
  • These new findings suggest new roles for L1 in the mechanism of cortical dendrite differentiation, as well as in guidance of callosal axons and regulation of hippocampal development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we show that MAP7, a less-well understood MAP that is localized to branch junctions, provides a key molecular mechanism to regulate microtubule stability during branch formation. (jefferson.edu)
  • Together, our study identifies a novel molecular mechanism mediated by MAP7 to regulate microtubule stability and strengthen branches at different stages of axonal branch morphogenesis. (jefferson.edu)
  • This unique binding property supports a novel mechanism mediated by MAP7 to cooperate with other MAPs and control microtubule stability during axonal branch development. (jefferson.edu)
  • This mechanism could also impact microtubule regulation in branch regeneration after nerve injury. (jefferson.edu)
  • It is a microtubule inhibitor, although the mechanism by which it is effective for actinic dermatosis is unknown. (medscape.com)
Dysfunction1
  • In patients with HAE caused by C1-inhibitor deficiency or dysfunction, normal regulation of plasma kallikrein activity is not present, which leads to uncontrolled increases in plasma kallikrein activity and results in angioedema attacks. (medscape.com)
Negative regulation1
  • Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
Centrosomes2
Anaphase1
  • Although the positioning signal is likely to be transmitted via the anaphase microtubule array to the cell cortex, exactly how the microtubule array determines the site of contractile ring formation remains unresolved. (biologists.com)
Interactions1
  • however, all classifications are distinguished by their specific accumulation at the plus end of microtubules and their ability to maintain interactions between themselves and other +TIPs regardless of type. (wikipedia.org)
Length regulation1
  • BMG Seminar - "Microtubule Length Regulation by Depolymerizing Molecular Motors" Melissa Klein Gardner, Ph.D. (virginia.edu)
Interacts1
  • Here, we show that MAP7, a unique protein that interacts with both microtubules and the motor protein kinesin-1, plays a key role at branch junctions. (jefferson.edu)
Stabilization1
  • The general approach is to homogenize cells in microtubule stabilization buffer, followed by centrifugation to separate the microtubules from free-tubulin pool. (cytoskeleton.com)
Axons1
  • The viral genome inside capsids is moved for long distances in axons in a controlled fashion along microtubules. (cdc.gov)
Kinesin1
  • Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)
Dynein3
  • We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Arsenic trioxide disturbs the LIS1/NDEL1/dynein microtubule dynamic complex by disrupting the CLIP170 zinc finger in head and neck cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Dynein function is essential in higher eukaryotes, yet its basic mechanisms of action including coupling to cargo and cellular regulation remain to be determined. (nih.gov)
Tubulin5
  • A +TIP may promote microtubule growth by catalyzing the addition of tubulin at the plus end, or it may balance microtubules at the cell cortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • TOG domains mediate tubulin binding and are important for microtubule growth correlated activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • To study the effects of pharmaceutical compounds on the ratio of Tubulin to Microtubules in cells. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • To study the effects of mutated cell lines versus their parent cell line for the change in ratio of Tubulin to Microtubules. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The most reproducible and accurate method of determining the amount of microtubule content versus free-tubulin content in a cell population is to use western blot quantitation of microtubule and free-tubulin cellular fractions. (cytoskeleton.com)
Protein kinases1
  • In the past, most of the attention was focused primarily on protein kinases and on their regulation, mainly because phosphatases were then viewed as simple housekeeping enzymes. (ac.be)
Gene3
  • Frameshift mutation of MAPRE3, a microtubule-related gene, in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. (nih.gov)
  • an unexpected, maladaptive up-regulation of CREG , a conserved, neuronally expressed, stress response gene and a novel repressor of PHP. (sdbonline.org)
  • The top three clusters from modules more highly expressed in the PP cows all involved regulation of gene transcription, particularly zinc fingers. (biomedcentral.com)
Motility1
  • Dr. Holzbaur is interested in the mechanisms of microtubule-based motility. (nih.gov)
Cytoskeletal1
  • Cancer mortality is mainly caused by metastasis, which requires dynamic remodeling of cytoskeletal components such as microtubules. (nih.gov)
Intracellular1
  • Although intracellular signal transduction is often portrayed as a protein kinase 'domino effect', the counterbalancing function of phosphatases, and thus the control of phosphatase activity, is equally relevant to proper regulation of cellular function. (ac.be)
20161
  • 2016. Reciprocal regulation of BMF and BIRC5 (Survivin) linked to Eomes overexpression in colorectal cancer. . (oregonstate.edu)
Endoplasmic1
  • They also contribute to the extension of endoplasmic reticulum tubules at expanding microtubule ends. (wikipedia.org)
Processes4
  • Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Is consciousness to be found in quantum processes in microtubules? (sciforums.com)
  • But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
  • A large and still-growing number of PP2A substrates have been identified, which makes PP2A an important player in the regulation of a plethora of cellular processes. (ac.be)
Cytokinesis1
  • The GAP activity of Tum is required for cytokinesis: in its absence cytokinesis fails early even though Tum is present on microtubules at the cell equator where the furrow should form. (biologists.com)
Fully understood2
  • Many mechanisms of regulation are not fully understood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Development and maintenance of axonal branches rely on microtubule stability, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. (jefferson.edu)
Molecular1
  • A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)
Cells3
  • The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Microtubules are fibers that help cells maintain their shape, assist in the process of cell division, and are essential for the transport of materials within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona find evidence that specialized secretory cells found in these unique and ancient creatures may have given rise to neurons in more complex animals. (sciforums.com)
Transport1
  • May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. (abcam.com)
Motor3
Crucial1
  • In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
Prevents1
  • MAP7 stabilizes microtubules in nascent branches and prevents branch retraction during branch maturation or after laser-induced injury. (jefferson.edu)
Activity1
  • The regulation of PP2A is mainly accomplished by the identity of the regulatory B-type subunit, which determines substrate specificity, subcellular localization and catalytic activity of the PP2A holoenzyme. (ac.be)
Control1
  • This function is mediated by the ability of MAP7 to control microtubule stability, as microtubules are more stable at branch junctions where MAP7 is localized. (jefferson.edu)
Movement1