Regulation cytokine receptor 1997 receptors interleukin 1 type i. Medical search. Frequent questions

We have found that CB3 triggers autoimmune disease in susceptible mice by stimulating elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines from mast cells during the innate immune response. (cdc.gov)
Compared with controls, the detectable proportion of HIV-1 particles derived from CD14 macrophages and CD26 lymphocytes was increased in persons with acute malaria coinfection and correlated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of both proinflammatory cytokines and soluble markers of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. (lww.com)
Independent of antibody secretion B cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines, support the formation of ectopic GCs, and serve as antigen presenting cells. (hindawi.com)
These anaphylatoxins promote release of proinflammatory cytokines and serve as chemoattractants for effector cells. (hindawi.com)
Binding of the Fc portion of the antibodies to FcR leads to activation of effector cells and further release of proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, mediators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (hindawi.com)
Previous IS potentiated gene expression of NLRP3 and proinflammatory cytokines to LPS, that is, microglia were sensitized. (jneurosci.org)
Progression of this disease occurs due to a combination of factors, including the presence of periodontopathic bacteria, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines including inter- leukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor (TGF- β ) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) (2,3). (bvsalud.org)

In 1983, his research team has discovered a protein, known as monocyte chemotactic protein - 1 / CCL2, which is part of the large superfamily of chemokines, which belong to the family of cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
His team demonstrated in 2005 that the chemokine receptor D6 acts as a decoy and scavenger receptor for inflammatory chemokines. (wikipedia.org)
As the two major cell types in the spleen, B cells and T cells produce cytokines and chemokines [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Pancreatic acinar cell injury triggers the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (32, 36, 39, 41, 82). (pancreapedia.org)
This review aims to describe the roles of key cytokines and chemokines in commonly used experimental models of pancreatitis and how the cytokine profile is affected by the choice of a specific model. (pancreapedia.org)
Another mechanism whereby injured pancreatic acinar cells trigger the inflammatory response is through synthesis and release of cytokines (36) and chemokines (11), and upregulation of adhesion molecules such as the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (136), which together promote neutrophil and monocyte infiltration (27, 71) and exacerbate tissue injury (10, 27, 37). (pancreapedia.org)
Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) are positively charged polypeptides with highly conserved cysteine (C) residues within the N-terminal sequence, classifying them as 'C', 'CC', 'CXC' or 'CX3C' types (102, 143). (pancreapedia.org)
In the context of AP, the most extensively investigated chemokines are CC-ligand 2 (CCL2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or MCP-1), CXC-ligand 1 (CXCL1, also known as cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant or CINC in rat and keratinocyte cytokine or KC in mouse), and CXC-ligand 2 (CXCL2, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha or MIP2a). (pancreapedia.org)
1 ) IL-17A binds to its receptors -IL-17 receptor A/IL-17 receptor C- on synoviocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and osteoblasts and stimulates production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators, and also, interacts synergistically with other pro- inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. (archivesofrheumatology.org)
PGE 2 can bias the adaptive immune response away from an effective T H 1-like pattern ( 16 ), and can enhance expression of T H 2-like chemokines by innate immunocytes ( 16 , 17 ). (biomedcentral.com)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
Previously, we have shown in a mouse model that exposure to hog dust extract (HDE) collected from a CAFO results in the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), elevated lavage fluid cytokines/chemokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the development of significant lung pathology. (cdc.gov)

Inhibition of TRPA1 channel activity exacerbated Aβ 1-42 -induced astrogliosis but inhibited Aβ 1-42 -increased PP2B activation, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activities of transcriptional factors NF-κB and NFAT in astrocytes and in APP/PS1 Tg mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Pharmacological inhibition of PP2B activity diminished the fibrilized Aβ 1-42 -induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of NF-κB and NFAT and astrogliosis in astrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

3 In CML, several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, 5 4 IL-1β, 6 and TNF-α, 4 have been shown to be up-regulated in patient serum. (haematologica.org)
T he immune-inflammatory dysregulation theory in schizophrenia 1 , 2 posits an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and elevated levels of inflammatory proteins (eg, C-reactive protein, S100 calcium-binding protein B [S100B], and prostaglandin E2) in subgroups of patients with schizophrenia experiencing an exacerbation of symptoms. (psychiatrist.com)
The role of B cells in autoimmune diseases involves different cellular functions, including the well-established secretion of autoantibodies, autoantigen presentation and ensuing reciprocal interactions with T cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and the generation of ectopic germinal centers. (hindawi.com)
A significant number of illnesses of individuals with alcoholic liver diseases can be explained readily by a high level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines[ 1 ]. (wjgnet.com)

11 , 12 A case has been made for adjunctive treatment of symptoms of schizophrenia using anti-inflammatory drugs, such as cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, since these medications shift the immune responsivity from predominantly type-2 to type-1 and inhibit prostaglandin E2 synthesis. (psychiatrist.com)
The central nervous system contributes to anti-inflammatory regulation through neuroimmunoendocrine actions. (wjgnet.com)
Humans with variants of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes show increased susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease[ 2 ]. (wjgnet.com)

Mean levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-18 in Boxer dogs were 0.19 ± 0.05 ng/ml, 46.70 ± 4.54 ng/ml, and 36.37 ± 30.59 pg/ml, whereas Ibizan Hound dogs present 0.49 ± 0.05 ng/ml, 64.55 ± 4.54 ng/ml, and 492.10 ± 31.18 pg/ml, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates pleiotropic roles in immune regulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and oncogenesis. (sbhsciences.com)
Cytokines are known to regulate the migration of neutrophils and macrophages during inflammation. (hindawi.com)
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) seems to regulate both plasmacytoma development in BALB/c mice and oil granuloma formation in C57BL/6 mice during pristane-induced inflammation [ 10 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
The Role of Cytokines and Inflammation in the Genesis of Experimental Pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel plays an important role in pain and inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
The toxic Aβ activates astrocytes and microglia to trigger chronic inflammation, thereby releasing cytokines, pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leading to progression of AD [ 6 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, which type of cation channel is responsible for the Aβ-activated Ca 2+ signaling and inflammation remains for further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aims to determine the serum levels of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and analyze the correlation between IL-17A values and disease activity, certain clinical features, and laboratory markers of inflammation. (archivesofrheumatology.org)
NF-κB ( Nuclear Factor kappa B ) is a ubiquitous family of transcription factors involved in biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, proliferation and apoptosis [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α ) stimulates the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Aberrantly expressed cytokines in the bone marrow (BM) niche are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of survival and expansion of leukemic stem cells. (haematologica.org)

Fig. 3: Infection with MCMV induces glucocorticoid-dependent PD-1 expression in spleen NK cells. (nature.com)
Pristane administration induces macrophage activation [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Intrahippocampal application of 0.77 nmol of bicuculline methiodide, which induces EEG seizures but not cell loss, enhanced IL-1β immunoreactivity and microglia, although to a less extent and for a shorter time compared with kainate. (jneurosci.org)
The binding of allosteric modulators to a target protein induces a conformational change in the protein structure and changes the activity of orthosteric ligands ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

This glucocorticoid-PD-1 pathway limited production of the cytokine IFN-γ by spleen NK cells, which prevented immunopathology. (nature.com)
Fig. 6: The glucocorticoid-PD-1 regulatory pathway is required for protection against infection with MCMV. (nature.com)
Although cytokines are known to activate multiple signaling pathways that together mediate these important functions, one of these pathways, the Jak-STAT pathway, is the focus of this chapter. (sagepub.com)
This pathway is triggered by both cytokines and interferons, and it very rapidly allows the transduction of an extracellular signal into the nucleus. (sagepub.com)
We hypothesize that IL-3 activates a JAK2/Raf-1 signaling pathway that is required for DUB-1 induction and is independent of STAT5. (ox.ac.uk)
IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)
Serotonin systems upregulate the expression of hypothalamic NUCB2 via 5-HT2C receptors and induce anorexia via a leptin-independent pathway in mice. (tohoku.ac.jp)
Additionally, alcohol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the p38 ERK1/2 MAPK pathway [ 9 ]. (cdc.gov)

The cytokines of a possible significance in that range include interleukin 17 family (IL-17) containing the group of IL-17A-F ligands and IL-17RA-E receptors. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Secreted autoantibodies specific to receptors or receptor ligands can activate or inhibit receptor functions. (hindawi.com)
Allosteric modulators of sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) are described as compounds that can increase the activity of some Sig1R ligands that compete with (+)-pentazocine, one of the classic prototypical ligands that binds to the orthosteric Sig1R binding site. (frontiersin.org)
Number of selective Sig1R and Sig2R ligands have been described confirming significant differences in the pharmacological regulation of these subtypes. (frontiersin.org)

Irwin, M. R. & Cole, S. W. Reciprocal regulation of the neural and innate immune systems. (nature.com)
The present results suggest that the CNS innate immune system can respond to an acute stressor as if it were cellular damage, thereby releasing the danger signal HMGB-1 in the brain to prime microglia by acting on the NLRP3 inflammasome, in preparation for a later immune challenge. (jneurosci.org)
The concept has developed that innate immune receptors discriminate between danger and non-danger rather than self and non-self ( Matzinger, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)

Note: Certain human cell lines or cell types (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes) can first be treated with reagents that block receptors for the Fc regions of immunoglobulin to avoid nonspecific immunofluorescent staining mediated by Fc receptors (for example see Browning et al). (bdbiosciences.com)
In contrast, on monocytes and, indeed, more-differentiated macrophages, TNF is a much more potent activator than IL-1. (biomedcentral.com)
Clearly, this difference reflects receptor distribution, as monocytes have very few IL-1 receptors [ 8 ] but relatively abundant p55 and p75 TNF receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid Increases Interleukin-10 Levels of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Obese Patients With Dyslipidemia. (tohoku.ac.jp)

Its biological activities are shared by IL-6-family of cytokines such as leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M. IL-6 exerts its biological activities through interaction with specific receptors expressed on the surface of target cells. (sbhsciences.com)
At their best, they usually rely on some mysterious things called ionic pumps, that perform active transport, powered by little motors, under instructions from molecules that act on their specific receptors. (raypeat.com)

1 The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and triggers a cascade of aberrant downstream signaling pathways leading to clonal outgrowth of CML cells and subsequent disease manifestation. (haematologica.org)
These hormones, the pathways controlling their production, and their receptors are promising targets for managing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
Cytokine receptors activate multiple signal transduction pathways, resulting in the induction of specific target genes. (ox.ac.uk)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
In particular we are studying the role of eicosanoids in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia, the contribution of a purinergic receptor to the release of the cytokine interleukin-1beta in pregnancy as well as investigation of the inflammasome in coordinating inflammatory pathways coupled to cytokine release. (nottingham.ac.uk)

This effect was blocked by coinjection of 1 μg (hr)IL-1β receptor antagonist or 0.1 ng of 3-((+)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonate, selective antagonists of IL-1β and NMDA receptors, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
While trials of IL-1 receptor antagonist in RA have been encouraging, it clearly is more difficult to target two molecules (IL-1 α and β) than one (TNF-α). (biomedcentral.com)
To determine whether HMGB-1 signaling is necessary for stress-induced sensitization of microglia, the HMGB-1 antagonist BoxA was injected into the cisterna magna before IS. (jneurosci.org)

1. DamaniaB (2004) Oncogenic gamma-herpesviruses: comparison of viral proteins involved in tumorigenesis. (prelekara.sk)
Therefore, Sig1R demonstrates properties that can be attributed to both chaperone proteins and receptors. (frontiersin.org)

O'Shea, John J. 1998-04-01 00:00:00 ▪ Abstract Cytokines and interferons are molecules that play central roles in the regulation of a wide array of cellular functions in the lympho-hematopoietic system. (sagepub.com)
ABSTRACT The Arab world is experiencing an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (who.int)

The aim of this work is to analyse the relationship between serum levels of cytokines and the genomic profiles in two canine breeds, Ibizan Hound (resistant canine breed model) and Boxer (susceptible canine breed model). (biomedcentral.com)

The loss of TNF α receptor 1/2 resulted in reduced recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells into the spleen, but only neutrophil recruitment was inhibited in the peritoneal cavity. (hindawi.com)

Acute P. falciparum malaria coinfection impacts virus-host dynamics in HIV-1-infected persons at the cellular level, notably showing a reversible induction of HIV-1 replication in CD14 macrophages that is associated with changes in immune activation. (lww.com)
Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)

Wild-type (WT), TRPA1 −/− , amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic (APP/PS1 Tg) mice, the mouse model of AD, and APP/PS1 Tg/TRPA1 −/− mice were used to examine the role of TRPA1 in pathogenesis of AD. (biomedcentral.com)
Ablation of TRPA1-channel function in APP/PS1 Tg mice alleviated behavioral dysfunction, Aβ plaque deposition and pro-inflammatory cytokine production but increased astrogliosis in brain lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain. (sagepub.com)
In addition, mice in which the receptor gene for TNFα has been knocked out are resistant to alcohol-induced liver injury[ 5 ]. (wjgnet.com)
A recent example of the importance of adipocyte function to have profound systemic effects is provided by the report that mice specifically lacking insulin signaling in adipocytes (FIRKO mouse) are not only lean, leptin sensitive, and obesity resistant ( 1 ), but live almost 20% longer than wild-type control animals ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
This issue has been extensively debated and even in the best-defined models, such as collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice, the aggressive, acute nature of the disease makes it unlike human RA. (biomedcentral.com)
Although these models and cytokine transgenic mice, despite their drawbacks, have been an invaluable tool to test hypotheses in vivo and to further explore mechanisms in a real-life setting, they can never fully mimic human RA. (biomedcentral.com)
However, limitations apart, it is of interest that in these huTNF transgenic mice, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to the murine type I IL-1 receptor completely prevented the development of arthritis, suggesting that IL-1 acts downstream of TNF in the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The contribution of serotonin 5-HT2C and melanocortin-4 receptors to the satiety signaling of glucagon-like peptide 1 and liragultide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, in mice. (tohoku.ac.jp)
Contribution of central SGK-1 to the acute phase responses of mice to social isolation. (tohoku.ac.jp)
Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor-independent expression of hypothalamic NOR1, a novel modulator of food intake and energy balance, in mice. (tohoku.ac.jp)
Fluvoxamine exerts anorexic effect in 5-HT2C receptor mutant mice with heterozygous mutation of beta-endorphin gene. (tohoku.ac.jp)
Social isolation affects the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in mice. (tohoku.ac.jp)
Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and 5-HT2C receptor inactivation induce appetite-suppressing effects in mice via 5-HT1B receptors. (tohoku.ac.jp)
Increased hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptor gene expression and effects of pharmacologic 5-HT2A receptor inactivation in obese Ay mice. (tohoku.ac.jp)

In this study, we analyse the haplotypes of genes encoding cytokines related to immune response of Leishmania infantum infection in twenty-four Boxers and twenty-eight Ibizan Hounds apparently healthy using CanineHD DNA Analysis BeadChip including 165,480 mapped positions. (biomedcentral.com)

Human growth hormone and extracellular domain of its receptor: crystal structure of the complex. (sagepub.com)
This is expected as fibroblasts are found closely associated with extracellular matrix and the catabolic activity of this cytokine would be extremely detrimental in this environment. (biomedcentral.com)

Tyrosine 343 in the erythropoietin receptor positively regulates erythropoietin‐induced cell proliferation and Stat5 activation. (sagepub.com)

The molecular basis of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency: defective cytokine receptor signaling. (sagepub.com)

A novel pathogenic mutation on the interleukin-7 receptor has been described in a newborn. (medscape.com)
Accession I0070 Systematic name Allele 1 and 2: g.32877T>A, c.2T>A, r.2u>a, p.Met1Lys Original code P Description Allele 1 and 2: A point mutation in the exon 1 leading to Description an amino acid change Date 28-Jul-2010 (Rel. (lu.se)
Accession I0008 Systematic name Allele 1 and 2: g.32897delC, c.22delC, r.22delc, Systematic name p.Val10fsX5 Original code Patient 2 Description Allele 1 and 2: a frame shift deletion mutation in the exon Description 1 leading to a premature stop codon Date 14-Aug-2003 (Rel. (lu.se)
Accession I0052 Systematic name Allele 1 and 2: g.45144dupT, c.105dupT, r.105dupu, Systematic name p.Thr36fsX3 Original code 1a Description Allele 1 and 2: a frame shift duplication mutation in the Description exon 2 leading to a premature stop codon in the EC domain Date 27-Apr-2005 (Rel. (lu.se)

On the one hand, IL-17A increases the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand, which has a central role in the stimulation of osteoclastogenesis, and on the other, it inhibits the expression of osteoprotegerin, which reduces the production of osteoclasts. (archivesofrheumatology.org)
The requirement for JAK2 in the stimulation of the DUB-1 enhancer was further supported by the suppression of DUB-1 induction in Ba/F3 cells stably expressing the dominant-negative JAK2 polypeptide. (ox.ac.uk)
Serotonin activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via serotonin 2C receptor stimulation. (tohoku.ac.jp)

1999. Pharmacology of cytokines. (wikipedia.org)

In the presented review paper we try to clarify, it seems, important role of members of IL-17 cytokines family in the course of neoplasmic disease. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is the most common cause of dementia [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
range 1 to 18 years), who had been diagnosed with JIA (18 children were diagnosed during the study period and 12 children were diagnosed before the start of the study) and had active disease during the study period. (archivesofrheumatology.org)
Goran MI, Ball GDC, Cruz ML. Obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents. (medigraphic.com)
More broadly, it discusses the biology of TNF-α and IL-1 and suggests explanations of why TNF-α is a pivotal cytokine in this disease. (biomedcentral.com)
genetic and environmental factors seem to increase the susceptibility of some individuals in developing this severe inflammatory disease (1) ( Fig. 1 ). (bvsalud.org)

Roles of HTLV-1 basic Zip Factor (HBZ) in Viral Chronicity and Leukemic Transformation. (mdpi.com)

10 , 11 ) One of the effects of IL-17A on the bone structure is the disturbance of the receptor activator relationship between nuclear factor kappa beta ligand and osteoprotegerin. (archivesofrheumatology.org)

Reactive microglia was enhanced with a pattern similar to IL-1β immunoreactivity. (jneurosci.org)

The high prevalence of recurrent malaria, tuberculosis, chronic helminth infections, and water-borne pathogens in developing countries may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection in persons living in such regions [ 1,2 ]. (lww.com)

Recently, cytokines and their receptors have been located in many other tissues, including the peripheral and central nervous systems ( Hopkins and Rothwell, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)

Interferons are secreted cytokines produced in response to viral infections. (wikigenes.org)

He was the first to identify monocyte chemotactic protein - 1 / CCL2 in 1983, and PTX3 in 1997. (wikipedia.org)
Aβ is generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) and presenilin 1 (PS1) [ 3 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Allosteric regulation is the regulation of protein activity by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the orthosteric or active site of a protein ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
This review will address the biology, actions, and regulation of three adipocyte hormones-leptin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP), and adiponectin-with an emphasis on the most recent literature. (diabetesjournals.org)
Work in our laboratory has primarily focused on the biology and regulation of three key adipocyte hormones: leptin, acylation-stimulating protein, and adiponectin. (diabetesjournals.org)
Here, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) protein was explored as a potential mediator of stress-induced microglial priming and whether HMGB-1 does so via the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. (jneurosci.org)
Exposure to 100 inescapable tail shocks (ISs) increased HMGB-1 and NLRP3 protein in the hippocampus and led isolated microglia to release HMGB-1 ex vivo . (jneurosci.org)
High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) is perhaps the most studied alarmin. (jneurosci.org)

CCL2 acts predominantly via the CC-receptor CCR2, although it also binds to CCR4 (138), whereas CXCL1 and CXCL2 both act via CXCR2 (125). (pancreapedia.org)

2 1 There is growing evidence to suggest that primitive CML cells affect the bone marrow (BM) niche, contributing to deregulated cytokine levels. (haematologica.org)
Cytokines are essential for the function and maintenance of cells, and altered cytokine levels influence not only leukemic cells, but also the normal HSC within the BM. (haematologica.org)

The research into cell cultures in animal models identified various mechanisms of IL-17A activity, which in sum make it a destructive cytokine locally. (archivesofrheumatology.org)

Hormones produced by adipose tissue play a critical role in the regulation of energy intake, energy expenditure, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)

Upon binding of IL-6 to the receptor (alpha subunit), gp130 is homodimerized and is subsequently involved in down-stream signal processes binding tyrosine kinases and activating STAT1 and STAT3 transcriptional factors. (sbhsciences.com)

Fig. 4: Specific combinations of cytokines and corticosterone act together to induce PD-1 expression on NK cells. (nature.com)

Mechanistically, endogenous glucocorticoids produced shortly after infection induced selective and tissue-specific expression of the checkpoint receptor PD-1 on NK cells. (nature.com)

Notably, this regulation did not compromise viral clearance. (nature.com)
To determine the impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection and its treatment on cellular reservoirs of viral replication in HIV-1-infected persons and to relate this to changes in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)

Future studies are needed to elucidate whether these differences and haplotypes are related to different phenotypes in immune response and expression gene regulation to L. infantum infections in dogs and their possible application in new treatments and vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracerebral disulfide HMGB-1 mimicked the effect of the stressor, because microglia isolated from HMGB-1-treated rats expressed exaggerated NLRP3 and proinflammatory cytokine expression after LPS treatment, whereas fully reduced HMGB-1 had no effect. (jneurosci.org)
Our cancer studies have expanded to include oesophageal cancer with emphasis on oestrogen receptor expression and function in this malignancy. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), characterized by the recurrent growth of benign tumors of the respiratory tract, is caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), predominantly types 6 and 11. (biomedcentral.com)

Interleukin-17A stimulates the release of degradation enzymes from the matrix metalloproteinases family, which cause cartilage destruction. (archivesofrheumatology.org)

These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)
In X-linked SCID, loss of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) function leads to the loss of a lymphocyte proliferation signal. (medscape.com)

The potent chondrogenic effects of IL-1 are well recognised, and it is clear that IL-1 activates chondrocytes and fibroblasts more potently than TNF does, a difference that may reflect the relative abundance of IL-1 receptors on these cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Finally, to address the functional role of this cytokine, we measured the effect of human recombinant (hr)IL-1β on seizure activity as one marker of the response to kainate. (jneurosci.org)
Over the past several years, a number of studies have been conducted which point to the role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in the development of chronic arthritis. (archivesofrheumatology.org)
The liver plays a central role in detoxifying LPS and producing a balanced cytokine milieu. (wjgnet.com)
Because the biology of leptin, including its role in energy balance and the regulation of its production, has been reviewed in detail ( 3 , 4 ), this section will primarily concentrate on more recent findings not covered in previous reviews. (diabetesjournals.org)
5-HT and NA Reuptake Inhibitors and Appetite Regulation: The Role of the Central 5-HT Network. (tohoku.ac.jp)
The possible role of phospholipase C delta in the regulation of uterine contractility. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a type of nonselective transmembrane cation channel with multiple ankyrin repeats on its N-terminal [ 17 - 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the mechanism of DUB-1 induction, we examined the effects of dominant-negative forms of JAK kinases, STAT transcription factors, and Raf-1 in transient transfection assays. (ox.ac.uk)

In his review article, Professor Wim van den Berg argues that both TNF-α and IL-1 must be blocked in RA and that although TNF is clearly a potent inflammatory molecule, the dominant cytokine in the subsequent degradation of the joint tissue is IL-1. (biomedcentral.com)

Longitudinal changes in risk variables of insulin resistance syndrome from childhood to young adulthood in offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes: the Bogalusa Heart Study. (medigraphic.com)
There are alarming data related to the rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children of Arab ethnicity. (who.int)

Next, we studied whether EEG seizures per se induced IL-1β and microglia changes in the hippocampus using bicuculline as a nonexcitotoxic convulsant agent. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, convulsant and/or excitotoxic stimuli increase the production of IL-1β in microglia-like cells in the hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)
To determine whether HMGB-1 is sufficient to prime microglia, IS was replaced with intracerebral administration of disulfide or fully reduced HMGB-1. (jneurosci.org)

This type of activation, called "trans-signalling", renders virtually all cells capable of responding to IL-6/sIL-6R alpha complexes, making for a large new spectrum of IL-6 activities, ranging from the control of the immune response to involvement in pathological states. (sbhsciences.com)
Fig. 5: MCMV-induced IFN-γ production by spleen NK cells is regulated by a glucocorticoid-PD-1 axis. (nature.com)
Host resistance to endotoxic shock requires the neuroendocrine regulation of group 1 innate lymphoid cells. (nature.com)
Indeed, antigen-presenting cells are important reservoirs of HIV-1 [ 16,17 ] and induction of HIV-1 replication within these cells may contribute significantly to the cofactor effect of confections on HIV-1 pathogenesis. (lww.com)
To identify regulators of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, we performed a high-content cytokine screen using primary CD34 + CD38 low chronic phase CML cells. (haematologica.org)
In Ba/F3 cells, IL-3 induced a dose-dependent activation of DUB-1-luciferase (luc) and GAS-luc reporter constructs. (ox.ac.uk)

Increasing number of reports concerning the contribution of cytokines in the process of tumors formation and development has been observed last years. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The relative contribution of hypothalamic neurons to the FoxO1-mediated regulation of feeding, body weight and hepatic glucose production. (tohoku.ac.jp)

Anatomy34

Organisms8

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs150

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes39

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Proinflammatory cytokines7

Chemokines12

Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines2

Inflammatory cytokines4

Anti-inflammatory3

Interferon gamma1

Inflammation9

Tumor necro1

Mediators1

Induces4

Pathway8

Ligands4

Innate immune3

Monocytes4

Specific receptors2

Pathways5

Antagonist3

Proteins2

Abstract2

Serum levels1

Neutrophils1

Macrophages2

Mice15

Genes1

Extracellular2

Regulates1

Defective1

Mutation4

Stimulation3

Pharmacology1

Disease6

Roles1

Activator1

Reactive1

Pathogens1

19951

Interferons1

Protein8

Binds1

Levels2

Destructive1

Metabolism2

Transcriptional1

Induce1

Selective1

Viral2

Expression3

Predominantly1

Stimulates1

Proliferation2

Activates1

Role7

Transient2

Degradation1

Diabetes2

Microglia3

Cells6

Contribution2