• Molecular mechanisms and the influences of different regulation the expression of AKT1 on HCC cell growth, proliferation were determined by western blotting, MTT and colony formation assays, cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC seine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic target owing to its frequent dysregulation in HCC and the critical functions it has in regulating cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis through phosphorylation of distinct protein substrates ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which AKT1 promotes cell proliferation and regulates apoptosis ( 18 , 19 ) remain largely unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • High expression of activated AKT can be detected in HCC, and AKT may promote cell proliferation and regulation of cells apoptosis in HCC ( 20 , 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Subsequent mechanism investigations revealed that AKT1 served a notable function in cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis by directly regulating the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Notch1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Methods Melanoma cell lines and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTX) treated with pevonedistat were assessed for viability/apoptosis and tumor growth, respectively, to identify sensitive/resistant models. (nih.gov)
  • 0.3 μM) and induced apoptosis in a subset of melanoma cell lines. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, EPB41L4A-AS2 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
  • These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology provides a comprehensive update on the cell signaling that underlies the main cell death programs (apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis) and how this knowledge is driving the development of therapeutic drugs to treat some human diseases. (cshlpress.com)
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
  • Autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In other situations the response is cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death (apoptosis), providing a barrier to further tumour development that the tumour may ultimately circumvent through the acquisition of a mutation in one of the genes within the stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • A new study found that the survival of neurons is intrinsically programmed at neural birth to decrease apoptosis, or cell death. (prohealth.com)
  • The study, published in the journal Neuron , identifies a mechanism the researchers say is triggered at neuron birth to intrinsically decrease a general form of cell death - or "apoptosis" - specifically in neurons. (prohealth.com)
  • Apoptosis is a pathway that controls cell turnover and tissue homeostasis in all metazoans," explained Zheng, an associate professor of biomedical sciences. (prohealth.com)
  • Most non-neural cells readily engage in apoptosis in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stress. (prohealth.com)
  • They also found apoptosis is gradually reduced during neuronal development before neurons make connections or innervate other cells, suggesting factors other than extrinsic signals can play a role. (prohealth.com)
  • The principal injury responsible for sunburn is direct damage to DNA by UVR, resulting in inflammation and apoptosis of skin cells. (medscape.com)
  • A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
  • Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
  • Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • Most changes were subtle, but frequently the genes with altered expression were involved in basal cellular functions such as cell division, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cell signalling. (lu.se)
  • MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)
  • Toward this goal, we propose to compare the behavior of nerve cell differentiation in multiple lines of hESCs in one laboratory setting. (ca.gov)
  • We will further characterize molecular changes during directed cell differentiation and identify the cells that exhibit a pattern of DNA modification, namely DNA methylation, similar to primary neural cells in human brain. (ca.gov)
  • We are now ready to compare the property of different lines of nerve cells such as the efficiency of nerve cell differentiation and the preferential production of specific nerve cells in culture. (ca.gov)
  • By engineering stem cells carrying different levels of methylation, we aim to find the optimal levels of DNA methylation for efficient nerve cell differentiation. (ca.gov)
  • These play critical roles in cell growth and survival, differentiation, embryonic development, and their related pathologies, including oncogenic transformation. (pewtrusts.org)
  • We seek to identify novel epigenetic regulators and characterize their roles in controlling the patterns of epigenetic codes during normal cell differentiation and tissue development. (pewtrusts.org)
  • In the 1980's, Arnold Caplan and his colleagues published an isolation method of fibroblast-like stromal cells from bone marrow and first identified them as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because of their multilineage differentiation potential ( Caplan, 1991 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, the protein controls the activity of genes that regulate cell growth and division (proliferation), cell maturation and specialization (differentiation), cell movement (migration), and cell survival. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In Pmp22 tg CMT1A mice, we uncovered that the differentiation defect of Schwann cells is independent from PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity, rendering the pathway insufficient as a therapy target on its own. (biorxiv.org)
  • Zhou JQ, Wan HY, Wang ZX, Jiang N. Stimulating factors for regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. (wjgnet.com)
  • It is usually considered that the differentiation process of MSCs depends on specialized external stimulating factors, including cell signaling pathways, cytokines, and other physical stimuli. (wjgnet.com)
  • BAFF is a key regulator for B cell differentiation and critical in regulating survival and activation of peripheral B cell populations. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Independent experiments confirmed several target genes, including PLOD2 , HADH , LCOR and REEP1 as non-canonical target genes in various colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • sensitive models were enriched for genes involved in DNA repair, replication and cell cycle regulation, while immune response and cell adhesion pathways were upregulated in resistant models. (nih.gov)
  • Sandwalk: How many human protein-coding genes are essential for cell survival? (blogspot.com)
  • We would like to know how many of those genes are essential for the survival of an individual and for long-term survival of the species. (blogspot.com)
  • The ability to knock out human genes using CRISPR technology has opened to door to testing for essential genes in tissue culture cells. (blogspot.com)
  • Each group identified between 1500 and 2000 protein-coding genes that are essential in their chosen cell lines. (blogspot.com)
  • By looking only at genes that are essential for cell survival, they are ignoring all those genes that are specifically required in other cell types. (blogspot.com)
  • These are the genes activated by heat shock and other forms of stress and they churn out a lot of HSP70 chaperone in order to save the cells. (blogspot.com)
  • Overexpression of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in mouse fibroblast cell lines differentially alters expression profiles of genes involved in Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. (nih.gov)
  • Tumorigenesis is a multi-step process in which a normal cell acquires changes in a number of critical cancer causing genes. (umassmed.edu)
  • The expression patterns of stem cell-specific genes of these DU145 cells were examined. (jcancer.org)
  • The mutations that cause enlarged parietal foramina result in the production of an ALX4 protein that cannot bind to DNA, which alters the regulation of multiple genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cells will adapt by activating the expression of genes involved in metabolic adaptation, such as those involved in glycolysis. (bmj.com)
  • GBS production of β-h/c is encoded by the genes of the cyl operon ( 5 , 6 ) and is associated with direct lysis of a variety of eukaryotic cell types ( 7 - 9 ), inflammatory activation ( 10 - 12 ), and virulence in animal models ( 10 , 13 , 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
  • INTRODUCTION broken, which in realistic situations can severly constrain the Transcriptional regulation of effector genes is a highly successful regulatory options. (lu.se)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
  • Multi-omic profiling of parental and resistant cells revealed enrichment of genes associated with lineage identity and inflammation in chemotherapy resistant derivatives. (bvsalud.org)
  • Integrated pSTAT3 ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses showed pSTAT3 regulates genes related to inflammation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in resistant cells, as well as PDE4A, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some alterations were restored when the cells were transferred back to serum-containing medium, indicating that expression of these genes was controlled by components in serum. (lu.se)
  • Considering the central importance of the UPR in regulating cell survival and death, evidence is emerging that cells evolve feedback regulatory pathways to modulate the key UPR executors, however, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gene expression microarray and gene set enrichment analyses were performed in cell lines to determine the expression profiles and pathways of sensitivity/resistance. (nih.gov)
  • Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
  • NF-κB pathways are associated with immunity, inflammation and cell survival. (springer.com)
  • AMPK pathways are energy regulation pathways. (springer.com)
  • This study investigated the effect of acylated synthetic ghrelin (AG) on the survival and proliferation of human chemosensitive ovarian cancer cells (A2780) and explored some mechanisms of action with a focus on the p53 apoptotic pathway and PI3K/Akt and NF- κ B survival pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • Among them and over decades of research, it was shown that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of the most frequently hyperactive pathways in OC as well as other types of solid tumors and is associated with increased cell growth, proliferation, migration, protein synthesis, survival, and chemotherapy resistance [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In single celled organisms these pathways are generally involved in ensuring the survival and replication of the individual cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Stress-response pathways play a key role in the patho-physiology and treatment of many diseases, including cancer.At almost every stage of the development of a tumour, cells are exposed to some form of stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Many current and prospective treatments for cancer work by either inhibiting, or re-activating stress response pathways.Our work focuses on the role of regulators of gene transcription in the response of cancer cells to stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We have also developed interests in other pathways which regulate gene transcription and cancer cell proliferation in response to stress and changes in cell metabolism. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • A particular interest of our work has been how HDM2 and HDMX protein synthesis is controlled in response to cell-signalling pathways in different cell types, and how this affects p53 function in these cells. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Citation: Troein C, Ahre´n D, Krogh M, Peterson C (2007) Is Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolic Pathways an Optimal Strategy for Fitness? (lu.se)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • Further analyses revealed that simultaneously targeting HuR, with MS-444, and WNT5A signaling, with Box5, reduces melanoma cell migration and invasion via two different and partially overlapping signaling pathways, which are PKC and PI3K-AKT. (lu.se)
  • In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)
  • ATP is crucial for ALOX5's metabolic activity A proline-rich region (residues 566-577), sometimes termed a SH3-binding domain, which promotes its binding to proteins with SH3 domains such as Grb2 and may thereby link the enzyme's regulation to tyrosine kinase receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not only do these worms live longer, the researchers noted, their cells are relatively free from the toxic proteins that accumulate and clump together as an animal ages. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They also found that animals lacking VHL-1 were resistant to the toxic proteins known to cause Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, and that their cells accumulated less of an age-pigment called lipofuscin. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Background The neddylation pathway conjugates NEDD8 to cullin-RING ligases and controls the proteasomal degradation of specific proteins involved in essential cell processes. (nih.gov)
  • Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • During elongation and maturation, the phagophore encapsulates damaged proteins and cell organelles. (hindawi.com)
  • Our recent studies as well as others indicate that senescent cells change their secretory patterns of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins and proteases. (umassmed.edu)
  • Taken at face value, senile cataract is intimately associated with the increased risk of oxidative stress, which levies irrevocable changes in the lenticular proteins that impel the lens epithelial cells to the apoptotic phase. (molvis.org)
  • Some Example Projects: Regulation of HDM2 and HDMX proteins The HDM2 oncoprotein is the major negative regulator of p53 function in the cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Role of CtBP transcriptional repressors in cancer cell proliferation and survival In common with p53, CtBP1 and CtBP2 proteins were discovered through their physical association with a viral oncoprotein. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • BAFF-R is one of the receptors for B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of the TNF family of proteins. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments serve as the cytoskeleton of the cell and form a complex network by interacting with cytoskeleton-associated proteins. (doria.fi)
  • Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have remarkable stability and are key regulators of mRNA transcripts for several essential proteins required for the survival of cells and replication of the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the respiratory tract epithelial cells and antimicrobial proteins generated by these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • ALOX5 products, particularly 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, promote the proliferation of these ALOX5 aberrantly expressing tumor cell lines suggesting that ALOX5 acts as a pro-malignancy factor for them and by extension their parent tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pevonedistat also reduced tumor growth in melanoma cell line xenografts and PDTX with variable responses. (nih.gov)
  • Next, the expression model, prognostic roles, potential biological functions and epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs were investigated and validated in the breast cancer and pancancer cohorts. (cancerindex.org)
  • Within an hour of UVR exposure, mast cells release preformed mediators including histamine, serotonin, and tumor necrosis factor, leading to prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
  • Bidirectional signal transduction between tumor epithelial cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) is important for tumor development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on the consistent expression patterns associated with patient survival outcomes and in tumors vs. normal lung tissues, 10 miRNAs were considered to be putatively tumor suppressive and 4 miRNAs were deemed as oncogenic in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • In the multicellular theory, each tumor type is associated with a specific differentiated cell of origin within the salivary gland unit. (medscape.com)
  • It is becoming clear that epigenetic changes including alterations of chromatin modifications provide a key mechanism for regulating the diverse structural and functional features of chromatin, including control of gene regulation and maintenance of genomic integrity. (pewtrusts.org)
  • Mainly we try to understand how dynamic and coordinated changes of chromatin modifications including histone modification and DNA methylation (epigenetic codes) regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells. (pewtrusts.org)
  • AKT is a key molecule in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which has been shown to serve notable functions in the regulation of cell viability and to be closely associated with a variety of disorders caused by dysfunctional cellular proliferation ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The idea is to disrupt every gene and screen to see if it's required for cell viability in culture. (blogspot.com)
  • To determine the impacts of miR-183 on cell viability, the MTT assay was used. (nature.com)
  • MiR-183 can exert an oncogenic effect by promoting cell viability, migration, and cell cycle progression. (nature.com)
  • In the present study, the effect of miR-183 on cell viability, cell cycle progression, and migration was investigated, and the interaction between miR-183 and PTEN in BC cells was examined. (nature.com)
  • However, while AG treatment had no effect on control cell viability, it significantly increased cell viability and proliferation and inhibited cell death in Cis-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
  • 2017. Divergent roles of p120-catenin isoforms linked to altered cell viability, proliferation, and invasiveness in carcinogen-induced rat skin tumors. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
  • Most human prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, which originate from the epithelial cells that line the glands and ducts of prostate [ 2 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Next-generation sequencing studies of H1N1-infected human lung small airway epithelial cells also showed similar pattern of expression of miR-375-5p, miR-143-3p, 199a-3p, and miR-199a-5p compared to influenza A patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
  • Our experiments indicate that colon cancer cells are dependent on both β-catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling routes for growth and proliferation. (nature.com)
  • The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)
  • The Cables1 Gene in Glucocorticoid Regulation of Pituitary Corticotrope Growth and Cushing Disease. (nih.gov)
  • This abnormal cell growth and movement leads to malformations in the middle of the face, particularly affecting the nose, which leads to openings (clefts) in the nose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, the molecular mechanisms of myelin growth regulation by PMP22 remain obscure. (biorxiv.org)
  • In unicellular organisms like E. coli and yeast, the benefits of between potential cost and benefit, regulation can make the most a well-adapted regulatory system are readily quantified, as the difference to the long-term growth rate if the resource in question fitness of an individual can be estimated by its growth rate in is only available a similarly small fraction of the time. (lu.se)
  • Published September 5, 2007 transcription factors and replicating extra DNA, rather than going directly into growth of the cell. (lu.se)
  • Objective: Serum is usually added to growth media when mammalian cells are cultured in vitro to supply the cells with growth factors, hormones, nutrients and trace elements. (lu.se)
  • Results and Conclusions: The adaptation process was characterized by initial cell population growth. (lu.se)
  • Results and Conclusions: The adaptation process was characterized by initial cell population growth arrest, and after that extensive cell death, followed by proliferation and long-term survival of clonal cultures. (lu.se)
  • In a subset of peri-vascularly located immature neural crest-like neuroblastoma cells, aggressiveness and growth promoting charasteristics have been reported to be instigated by HIF-2α, a key element of the oxygen-sensing machinery. (lu.se)
  • Our findings reveal a new unprecedented function for Nogo-A and NgR1 in the homeostatic regulation of the pace of neurogenesis in the adult mouse SVZ and in the migration of neuroblasts along the RMS. (jneurosci.org)
  • To detect the effects of miR-183 on the migration of BC cell lines, wound healing was used along with a Trans-well migration assay. (nature.com)
  • As a result, the protein cannot bind to DNA and regulate gene function, which leads to poorly controlled cell proliferation and migration during development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • High expression of wingless-type MMTV integration site family 5A (WNT5A) has been reported in melanoma and correlates with increased migration and invasion of melanoma cells. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, we show that the RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) drives melanoma cell motility, and targeting HuR with a specific HuR inhibitor, MS-444, significantly reduces melanoma cell migration. (lu.se)
  • Our results also show that acquired BRAF-inhibitor (BRAFi) resistance leads to increased expression of HuR and WNT5A in malignant melanoma cells, and simultaneous therapeutic inhibition of HuR function and WNT5A signaling could be an efficient treatment strategy to impair the invasive migration of BRAFi-resistant melanomas. (lu.se)
  • Taken together, our results extend our knowledge about WNT5A regulation in melanoma and highlight the importance of HuR and WNT5A in melanoma cell migration and invasion. (lu.se)
  • Consistent with this notion, we have found that Smurf2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit delayed senescence entry and enhanced potential to become immortalized in culture, while Smurf2-deficient mice show increased susceptibility to various types of cancer, including B-cell lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, adenocarcinoma in small intestine and soft tissue sarcoma. (umassmed.edu)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
  • 2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
  • In addition, expression of IGF-II and HIF-2α correlates in neuroblastoma cell lines, tumors and in sympathetic neuroblasts during embryonic week 6.5, but not later, suggesting that these IGF-II and HIF-2α expressing neuroblastomas originate from sympathetic pre-ganglia at developmental week 6.5 or earlier. (lu.se)
  • A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
  • The purpose of the present study was to reveal the effects of AKT1 on the survival and proliferation of HCC cells, and to investigate the mechanisms involved. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The extremely low 5-year overall survival of patients is, in part, due to pancreatic cancer cells having several mechanisms of resistance to different chemotherapeutic treatments, one of which is their capacity to efficiently repair alkylating agent-induced DNA damage. (frontiersin.org)
  • The mechanisms by which cell death occurs are genetically encoded and carefully controlled. (cshlpress.com)
  • Chapters are additionally devoted to cell death signaling mechanisms in plants and lower organisms, as well as the evolution of those mechanisms and the influence of pathogens that seek to evade them. (cshlpress.com)
  • The model will be useful for understanding the mechanisms by which the prostatic stem cell niche controls the tumorigeneis of prostatic cancer stem cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Finally, cell transplantation in a mouse stroke model will be used to study the mechanisms and efficacy of different types of hESC-derived neural cells in neural repair. (ca.gov)
  • Our studies have progressed from studies of the basic mechanisms whereby CtBPs control breast cancer proliferation and survival (Birts et al 2011 and Bergman et al 2009, 2006a) to their impact on the response to current chemotherapies (Birts et al 2010) to the demonstration that CtBPs are themselves a therapeutically tractable potential molecular target for cancer therapy (Birts et al 2013). (southampton.ac.uk)
  • In particular, we are interested in exploring novel mechanisms involved in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. (pewtrusts.org)
  • [ 16 ] Potential mechanisms through which TCF7L2 variants influence T2DM include its role in adipogenesis, myogenesis, and pancreatic islet development, as well as in beta-cell survival and insulin secretory granule function. (medscape.com)
  • In the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP-positive neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neuroblasts that migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)
  • When this genetic regulation is halted, neuron survival is disrupted and leads to neural death. (prohealth.com)
  • Schwann cells wrap myelin around peripheral nerve axons for fast neural transmission 1 . (biorxiv.org)
  • CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
  • The RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) family of serine/threonine protein kinases, particularly the AKT1 isoform, has been identified abnormally expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and is highly associated with cell behavior, including proliferation, survival, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • In complex multi-cellular organisms such as man, they are critical in maintaining the normal function of each organ in the body, and the survival of the organism as a whole. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Examples include exposure to toxic compounds or radiation, loss of contact with other cells or the extra-cellular matrix, lack of oxygen (hypoxia), acidic pH, the activation of oncogenes, induction of cellular senescence, oxidative damage or depletion of essential metabolites. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • CtBP activity is modified by UV radiation and glycolytic metabolism, suggesting that CtBPs regulate cell survival in response to cellular stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • 8, 9 Therefore, tight regulation of cellular responses to the microenvironment is needed. (bmj.com)
  • Detailed cellular and molecular profiling of tumors from single and combination treatment arms revealed increased T- and B-cell infiltration and macrophage reprogramming from MHCIIlow to a MHCIIhigh phenotype in mice treated with triple combination. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is consistent with a negative-feedback loop, in which newly generated neurons modulate cell division of SVZ stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • this condition may be due to the existence of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to the hormone therapy. (jcancer.org)
  • In the past year, we have made progress in guiding several lines of human stem cells into nerve cells. (ca.gov)
  • We also begin to produce and characterize a new type of human stem cells, namely induced pluripotent cells that are obtained by converting somatic cells into stem cell through reprogramming. (ca.gov)
  • We also test the pattern of DNA methylation in different lines of human stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown as a novel approach in tissue regeneration, the therapeutic potential of MSCs mediated by the interaction between MSC-derived paracrine mediators and Mφs remains elusive. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), distributed in many tissues in the human body, are multipotent cells capable of differentiating in specific directions. (wjgnet.com)
  • [ 17 , 18 ] TCF7L2 protein is increased during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in primary adipocyte stem cells. (medscape.com)
  • In breast cancer, CD44+CD24- cells possess stem cell-like features and contribute to disease progression, and we previously described a CD44+CD24-pSTAT3+ breast cancer cell subpopulation that is dependent on JAK2/STAT3 signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two theories predominate: the bicellular stem cell theory and the multicellular theory. (medscape.com)
  • This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)
  • Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests that the bicellular stem cell theory is the more probable etiology of salivary gland neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • The versatile regulation of intracellular redox components is the primary factor in lens homeostasis. (molvis.org)
  • Both epidermal keratinocytes ("sunburn cells") and Langerhans cells undergo apoptotic changes as a consequence of UVR-induced DNA damage. (medscape.com)
  • Note the apoptotic sunburn cells in the epidermis. (medscape.com)
  • The severity of hypoxia determines whether cells become apoptotic or adapt to hypoxia and survive. (bmj.com)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)
  • Up-regulation of ALOX5 may occur during the maturation of leukocytes and in human neutrophils treated with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and then stimulated with physiological agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mapping the mouse Allelome reveals tissue-specific regulation of allelic expression. (nih.gov)
  • We are interested in whether age-dependent accumulation of senescent cells leads to alterations in tissue microenvironment that is favorable for oncogenesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • In addition, cell proliferation and angiogenesis will be stimulated, enabling better oxygenation of the tissue. (bmj.com)
  • Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)
  • Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
  • Pevonedistat (MLN4924) is a selective small molecule targeting the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) and inhibits an early step in neddylation, resulting in DNA re-replication, cell cycle arrest and death. (nih.gov)
  • Evidence suggests that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of influenza virus replication in many cell types. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, we show that the ligands Wnt5a/b are upstream regulators of the non-canonical signature and moreover regulate proliferation of cancer cells in a β-catenin-independent manner. (nature.com)
  • We show neurons transform how they regulate cell death during development," Zheng said. (prohealth.com)
  • Furthermore, aberrant oncogenic activation, DNA damage or oxidative stress activates senescence, providing a failsafe mechanism that prevents the proliferation of cells at risk of neoplastic transformation. (umassmed.edu)
  • Oxidative stress is a plethora of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and inducible nitric oxide species that exert a constellation of aberrant changes in the oxidation-reduction status of the cell. (molvis.org)
  • Cells are constantly exposed to various types of stress, such as proteotoxic stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia. (doria.fi)
  • Hypoxia reduces the ability of a cell to maintain its energy level, because less ATP will be obtained from glycolysis than from oxidative phosphorylation. (bmj.com)
  • We have found a suitable substrate that can be used to enhance neuronal survival after cell transplantation and we expect to publish a research paper in this new method of cell transplantation. (ca.gov)
  • When this genetic regulation is stopped, continuous neuronal survival is disrupted and leads to the death of the animal. (prohealth.com)
  • Next, Zheng's team will study whether the identified mechanism is activated in neurodegenerative diseases and injury that cause neuronal cell death. (prohealth.com)
  • Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
  • The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
  • We tested the hypothesis that the stromal cells from PZ and transitional zone (TZ) have differential effects on the ability of tumorigenesis. (jcancer.org)
  • Stromal cells isolated from the PZ and TZ of normal human prostates mixed with DU145 cells subcutaneously injected into athymic nude mice. (jcancer.org)
  • The C-Kit inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, was administrated to confirm the effect of stromal cells on the tumorigenesis. (jcancer.org)
  • The volume and weight of tumors were significantly higher in mice transplanted with DU145 and stromal cells from PZ. (jcancer.org)
  • In contrast, the data was significantly lower with DU145 and stromal cells from TZ than DU145 alone. (jcancer.org)
  • The purified DU145 cells isolated from the tumors with DU145 and stromal cells in PZ had increased ability to migrate and proliferate, and had increased expression of C-Kit. (jcancer.org)
  • These effects of the stromal cells in the PZ on DU145 cells could be blocked using imatinib mesylate. (jcancer.org)
  • in contrast, the stromal cells in the TZ inhibit it through down-regulating the expression of C-Kit. (jcancer.org)
  • Through specific knockdown of endogenous GRP78va by siRNA without affecting canonical GRP78, we showed that GRP78va promotes cell survival under ER stress. (elsevierpure.com)
  • PTEN insufficiency promotes the PI3K/AKT path, which is a vital signal for the survival of cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • In conclusion, the findings of this study show that AG promotes cell survival of the OC cells and renders them resistat to Cis therapy, an effect that is mediated by the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and activation of NF- κ B, and requires GHS-R1a. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cells need a variety of responses to protect themselves against stresses caused by changes in the environment. (doria.fi)
  • Molecular regulation of the autophagic process in normal and starvation conditions is presented. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, it is of importance to identify the molecular mechansims that drive metastasis of melanoma cells. (lu.se)
  • 1 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA. (nih.gov)
  • We demonstrate FIPRESCI enables the generation of approximately 100,000 single-cell transcriptomes from E10.5 whole mouse embryos in a single-channel experiment, and simultaneous identification of subpopulation differences and T cell receptor signatures of peripheral blood T cells from 12 cancer patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • Senescence limits proliferative capacity of cells and thus impedes the accumulation of multiple mutations necessary for tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Here, we aimed at identifying a β-catenin-independent Wnt target gene signature in order to understand the functional significance of non-canonical signaling in colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Here, we tested whether ALKBH6 plays a significant role in preventing alkylating DNA damage and decreasing genomic instability in pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In particular, the loss of ALKBH6 in human pancreatic cancer cells increases alkylating agent-induced DNA damage and significantly decreases cell survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, in silico analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database suggests that overexpression of ALKBH6 provides better survival outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overall, our data suggest that ALKBH6 is required to maintain the integrity of the genome and promote cell survival of pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several alkylating agents are commonly used in chemotherapy but may induce DNA damage to cancer cells as well as normal cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Perturbations that enhance or suppress cell death may lead to cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory diseases. (cshlpress.com)
  • This volume is therefore an essential reference for cell and developmental biologists, cancer biologists, and all who wish to explore recent progress in our understanding of cell death programs. (cshlpress.com)
  • Through qRT-PCR analysis, miR-183 and PTEN mRNA levels in breast cancer cell lines were measured. (nature.com)
  • One study (PMID: 16177568) reported aberrant splicing of transcripts from this gene which results in removal of the cyclin binding domain only in human cancer cells, and reduction in gene expression was shown in colorectal cancers (PMID: 17982127).Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • Human A2780 ovarian cancer cells were cultured with or without AG treatment in the presence or absence of cisplatin. (hindawi.com)
  • In the late 1990s work from a number of groups, including Blaydes et al , demonstrated that HDM2 could be targeted in cancer cells to re-activate the p53 stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We have undertaken a series of projects examining how HDM2, and its paralogue HDMX is regulated in cancer cells (see Phillips et al, 2010, 2008, 2007, 2006a, 2006b and Phelps et al 2005, 2003). (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Access thousands of knockout cell lysates, generated from commonly used cancer cell lines. (abcam.com)
  • UVR exposure also suppresses cutaneous cell-mediated immunity, which might contribute to nonmelanoma skin cancer and certain infections. (medscape.com)
  • 2016. Reciprocal regulation of BMF and BIRC5 (Survivin) linked to Eomes overexpression in colorectal cancer. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • 2013. HDAC turnover, CtIP acetylation and dysregulated DNA damage signaling in colon cancer cells treated with sulforaphane and related dietary isothiocyanates. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy against hematological cancer. (upstate.edu)
  • Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, which initiates in the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. (lu.se)
  • The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to allow cells to adapt to stress targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our study further reveals a novel survival mechanism in leukemic cells and other cell types where GRP78va is expressed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 2017. Rapamycin inhibits the secretory phenotype of senescent cells by a Nrf2-independent mechanism. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • When our neurons - the principal cells of the brain - die, so do we. (prohealth.com)
  • Researchers have generally believed that their survival is determined nearly extrinsically, or by outside forces, such as the tissues and cells that neurons supply with nerve cells. (prohealth.com)
  • A research team led by Sika Zheng, a biomedical scientist at the University of California, Riverside, has challenged this notion and reports the continuous survival of neurons is also intrinsically programmed during development. (prohealth.com)
  • An organism's survival, brain function, and fitness are dependent upon the survival of its neurons. (prohealth.com)
  • Neurons are long-lived cells, but the genetic controls that enable their longevity are unknown. (prohealth.com)
  • CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
  • This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
  • Materials and Methods: We have adapted the Burkitt's lymphoma line Ramos to a serum-free medium that supports long-term survival and studied gene expression changes that occurred during the adaptation process. (lu.se)
  • The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of host immunity to pathogens. (cancerindex.org)
  • IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mammalian cells have developed a range of adaptations to survive acute and even prolonged hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • They also examine the involvement of cell death programs in various pathologies and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting key pathway components. (cshlpress.com)
  • Summary of Research Progress: Our research aims to identify the optimal culture conditions and the best hESC lines for the derivation of nerve lineage cells in therapeutic cell transplantation. (ca.gov)
  • In spite of the big improvement in the clinical field for OC therapy, an overlall low survival and high recurrence rates still exist and were attributed to the poor screening approach, inadequate therapeutic options, and development of drug resistance [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • IBC cell lines resistant to paclitaxel and doxorubicin were developed and characterized to mimic therapeutic resistance in patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • It has been reported that overexpression of AKT is associated with decreased disease-free survival rates and development of primary carcinomas of the prostate, breast and ovary ( 12 , 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Overexpression of BAFF results in an expanded B cell compartment and autoimmunity in mice. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In addition, we demonstrate that combined targeting of IL-6 signaling and WNT5A expression, using an anti-IL-6 antibody and a WNT5A antagonist peptide (Box5), respectively, more effectively reduces melanoma cell dissemination, as compared to each factor alone. (lu.se)
  • Environmental Factor-Mediated Transgenerational Inheritance of Igf2r Hypomethylation and Pulmonary Allergic Response via Targeting Dendritic Cells. (nih.gov)
  • We assessed the effect of Chop deletion in multiple mouse models of type 2 diabetes and found that Chop -/- mice had improved glycemic control and expanded β cell mass in all conditions analyzed. (jci.org)
  • A) Lymphomas found in Smurf2-deficient mice have the characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and enhanced cell proliferation. (umassmed.edu)
  • Mice injected with BAFF-neutralizing-Fc (BAFF-R-Fc) protein showed reduced NF-κB activation, blocking BAFF-induced B cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)
  • No ethical problems were envisaged with the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques which would lead directly to cloned differentiated cells or tissues such as skin, for future use by the nuclear donor. (who.int)
  • För att upprätthålla liv använder cellerna i en organism intrikata signaleringsräckor för regleringen av fysiologiska processer inom enskilda celler och mellan olika celler och vävnaderna som utgör en organism. (doria.fi)
  • Cells within an organism are constantly exposed to environmental insults that challenge the homeostasis of their proteome by causing protein misfolding. (doria.fi)
  • The progression from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes is caused by the failure of pancreatic β cells to produce sufficient levels of insulin to meet the metabolic demand. (jci.org)
  • Finally, TCF7L2 polymorphisms have been associated with impaired insulin secretion, glucose production, and glucose tolerance via direct effects on pancreatic islet beta cells. (medscape.com)
  • 2004), the ABC trans- panded neurosphere cells and also mark subfractions porter Bcrp1/ABCG2 (Hulspas et al. (lu.se)
  • Only 30-40% of patients with HCC are eligible for potentially radical therapies ( 5 ), meaning the overall survival rate of patients with HCC remains low. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses revealed that expression of GRP78va is enhanced by ER stress and is notably elevated in human leukemic cells and leukemia patients. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Patients in the report had a 5-year overall survival rate of 93.1%, although survival rates were lower in children who experienced symptoms, local recurrence, or metastasis or who did not undergo treatment with surgery or surgery plus radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Although survival curves have improved for these patients during the past decades, the conventional regimen of neuroblastoma treatment has clearly reached a plateau of efficiency with regard to increasing the survival rates of high-risk children. (lu.se)
  • A biochemical pathway that keeps cells alive when oxygen is low has now been showed to play a role in longevity and resistance against some diseases of old age. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In some circumstances, the activation of a stress-response pathway will actually help the tumour cell to survive and proliferate. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • In both control and Cis-treated cells, AG treatment significantly increased PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and enhanced the nuclear accumulation of NF- κ B. Concomitantly, in both control and Cis-treated cells, AG significantly lowered the protein levels of p53, p-p53 (Ser16), PUMA, cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase-3. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, flowcytometry was applied to analyze the effects of miR-183 on the cell cycle progression. (nature.com)
  • Proliferation and cell cycle progression of the serum-free cultures closely mimicked that of serum-dependent cells. (lu.se)
  • In some cases, cisplatin+AG-treated cells were pre-incubated either with [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a ghrelin receptor antagonist, or with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. (hindawi.com)
  • The 11C1 monoclonal antibody recognizes CD268 which is also known as the B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R). CD268 is a type III transmembrane protein of approximately 184 residues. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing methods focusing on the 5'-end of transcripts can reveal promoter and enhancer activity and efficiently profile immune receptor repertoire. (bvsalud.org)
  • Single-cell genetic analysis of clonal dynamics in colorectal adenomas indicates CDX2 gain as a predictor of recurrence. (cancerindex.org)
  • Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)