Regulate species proteins genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tc normally kills bacteria by binding to the bacterial ribosome and halting protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
TetR represses the expression of TetA, a membrane protein that pumps out substances toxic to the bacteria like Tc, by binding the tetA operator. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to the free-living, or planktonic, bacteria commonly studied in the lab, most prokaryotes in nature settle down in complex communities, often consisting of several interacting species. (the-scientist.com)
Biofilms form when groups of bacteria cover themselves in a sticky mixture of sugars, protein, and DNA. (the-scientist.com)
Bacteria sense these microenvironments and adapt by up or down regulating the expression of certain genes to influence different cell processes. (the-scientist.com)
Given the high number of virulence factors present in these bacteria, and the niche-specific role many of them play during different stages of the infectious process, gene expression must be finely tuned in order to efficiently coordinate their expression, and also continue to preserve energy pools. (biomedcentral.com)
During protein synthesis, ribosomes become stalled on polyproline-containing sequences, unless they are rescued in archaea and eukaryotes by the initiation factor 5A (a/eIF-5A) and in bacteria by the homologous protein EF-P. While a structure of EF-P bound to the 70S ribosome exists, structural insight into eIF-5A on the 80S ribosome has been lacking. (cipsm.de)
The expression of central genes of the oxidative stress response protects the bacteria from anticipated ROS stress derived from PSMs or exogenous sources. (nih.gov)
In bacteria and archaea , structural proteins with related functions are usually encoded together within the genome in a block called an operon and are transcribed together under the control of a single promoter , resulting in the formation of a polycistronic transcript ( Figure 12.30 ). (pressbooks.pub)
These species of bacteria work together in a syntrophic system, producing metabolites that are mutually beneficial to each other's survival. (azolifesciences.com)
For example, some pathogenic bacteria -- those that can cause disease -- may borrow proteins from other antibiotic-resistant bacteria in order to shore up their own resistance. (azolifesciences.com)
In a study recently published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry , Meijers and collaborators from the Institute of Food Research in Norwich, UK, show that the genes of viral enzymes that degrade the cell walls of Clostridia bacteria produce not the usual one, but two proteins. (embl.org)
The double-packed gene studied by Meijers belongs to a virus that preys on species of Clostridia bacteria. (embl.org)
In an era when many bacteria have evolved mechanisms to make them resistant to treatments such as antibiotics, we urgently need alternative ways of combatting bacterial infections," explains Meijers. (embl.org)
These findings build on earlier work: "We originally thought that it was the endolysin complex that initiated and activated the bacteria cell wall break-up," Meijers adds, "But actually it seems the activation of the endolysin begins in the gene itself. (embl.org)
After inserting the endolysin gene into milk bacteria used in cheese making, the researchers could show that both the full endolysin enzyme and the smaller CBD were produced by the new host. (embl.org)
We tricked the milk bacteria into producing the endolysin and the CBD for us, but these proteins remain trapped inside the bacterial cell," explains Meijers. (embl.org)
The realization of the vastness of bacterial diversity and the development of novel experimental techniques have propelled molecular microbiology into a new era of investigation This course provides insights into how genes are organized and regulated in bacteria and in their viruses. (lu.se)
In this review, we intend to summarize the current knowledge on the many functions of autophagy proteins in cell defenses with a focus on bacteria-macrophage interaction. (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, Atgs proteins have non-autophagic functions essential for innate immunity against bacteria (Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
For many bacteria, the change in gene expression includes downregulation of autoinducer synthesis in a negative feedback loop. (asm.org)
Genes that enable the successful detoxification of these substances had already been described in bacteria. (mpg.de)
Diverse species of bacteria that have an assimilatory nitrate/nitrite reductase system (NAS) can use nitrate or nitrite as the sole nitrogen source for growth when ammonium is limited. (ox.ac.uk)
However, the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria regulate epithelial apoptosis during colonization of immature intestine and the contributions of GBP-1 are unknown. (elsevierpure.com)
The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it triggers a response to attack the invading viruses or bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
Down in the gut, bacteria make neuroactive compounds, including 90% of our neurotransmitter serotonin, which regulate our emotions. (washington.edu)
What's more, bacteria themselves express different genes and make proteins that may predispose certain individuals to gut inflammation or other conditions. (washington.edu)
ppGpp is an intracellular sensor that, in response to different types of stress, coordinates the rearrangement of the gene expression pattern of bacteria to promote adaptation and survival to new environmental conditions. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In a piece of work carried out by the Carbohydrate Metabolism Research Team of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology, the discovery has been made of the way in which the glgS gene (now renamed as the "surface composition regulator", scoR) acts in bacteria and how the mechanisms involved in bacterial infection can be altered by manipulating this gene, which indirectly affects glycogen production. (europa.eu)
As Javier Pozueta, director of the Carbohydrate Metabolism Research Team that carried out the work, explained, "We can say that we may have found an additional way of combating bacterial infections and contamination by encouraging the formation of glycogen in bacteria. (europa.eu)
This researcher, who is of Iranian origin, has studied the mechanism of the action of the glgS gene in bacteria and in various Salmonella species, which in certain cases can cause diseases and acute symptoms in humans. (europa.eu)
To understand the way in which the glgS gene acts, you have to bear in mind the structure of bacteria. (europa.eu)
Transcriptional responses to both bacteria largely overlap, however the number of genes regulated and magnitude of regulation is more important when P. anserina survives. (hal.science)
Transcriptional responses to bacteria also overlap with the VI reaction for both up or down regulated gene sets. (hal.science)
Genes involved in response to oxidative stress, or encoding small secreted proteins are essentially expressed in response to bacteria, while genes encoding NLR proteins are expressed during VI. (hal.science)
Most functions encoded in response to bacteria favor survival of the fungus while most functions up regulated during VI would lead to cell death. (hal.science)
a protein found in the blood that is produced in response to foreign substances (e.g., bacteria or viruses) invading the body. (cdc.gov)

Any way you look at it, the mutations involved are breaking an existing function rather than creating a new mechanism involving new enzymes or proteins. (creation.com)
they do not create new genes, new proteins, or enzymes. (creation.com)
Various bacterial pathogens release NADase enzymes into the host cell that deplete the host's NAD + pool, thereby causing rapid cell death. (nature.com)
The enzymes harbour a tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) domain and are predominately present in pathogenic species. (nature.com)
In this work, we identify NADases on the surface of fungi and show that these enzymes are predominately found in pathogenic species. (nature.com)
Genomic DNA contains both structural gene s, which encode products that serve as cellular structures or enzymes, and regulatory gene s, which encode products that regulate gene expression. (pressbooks.pub)
In this way, regulation of the transcription of all of the structural genes encoding the enzymes that catalyze the many steps in a single biochemical pathway can be controlled simultaneously, because they will either all be needed at the same time, or none will be needed. (pressbooks.pub)
For example, in E. coli , all of the structural genes that encode enzymes needed to use lactose as an energy source lie next to each other in the lactose (or lac ) operon under the control of a single promoter, the lac promoter. (pressbooks.pub)
The results give insights into how these enzymes degrade the bacterial cell wall, and could be used to combat a range of Clostridium infections. (embl.org)
After infecting their target, these viruses - or bacteriophages - break open the bacterial cell wall using enzymes known as endolysins, thereby destroying the bacterial cells. (embl.org)
The researchers wanted to identify the enzymes and corresponding genes underlying this detoxification mechanism. (mpg.de)
Her main research interests have been the study of Mur ligases from different bacterial species and the search for inhibitors of these enzymes. (degruyter.com)
His main research interests concern the identification of genes and enzymes involved in this pathway, the regulation of this metabolism, the mode of action of antibiotics and bacteriocins interfering with this pathway and the corresponding resistance mechanisms, as well as the molecular bases for the recognition of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan by host innate immunity mechanisms. (degruyter.com)
For more than 30 years, his main research interests have been the functional and structural study of the enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the determination of the structure of peptidoglycan from certain bacterial species, and the search for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors that could act as antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
The synthesis of the peptide stem of bacterial peptidoglycan involves four enzymes, the Mur ligases (MurC, D, E and F). Among them, MurD is responsible for the ATP-dependent addition of d -glutamic acid to UDP-MurNAc- l -Ala, a reaction which involves acyl-phosphate and tetrahedral intermediates. (degruyter.com)
Using site-directed mutagenesis we have shown that both PPDK and PEPS in which the serine and cysteine residues, respectively, were substituted with an alanine the enzymes could be regulated indicating that the serine and cysteine residues, respectively, are not essential for regulation. (scirp.org)
A comparison of known PPDK and PEPS sequences revealed a high level of conservation of the amino acid sequence surrounding the catalytic histidine located within a central domain of the enzymes that was composed of GGXTS/CHAAI/VI/VA/SR with the regulatory threonine and catalytic histidine (shown in bold) conserved in all species. (scirp.org)
Two such genes in Drosophila encode the enzymes dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and tyrosine hydroxylase (ple) . (sdbonline.org)
This over produced AOS damages/ oxidizes to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, and releases a number of cytotoxic intermediate/ end products thereby alterations in metabolic pathways and inactivation of key enzymes. (degruyter.com)
Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)

citation needed] As of June 2005, this family of proteins had about 2,353 members that are transcriptional regulators. (wikipedia.org)
Transcriptional regulators control gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] TetR protein family members are mostly transcriptional repressors, meaning that they prevent the expression of certain genes at the DNA level. (wikipedia.org)
The results show that HbhA is a nonessential NAP regulating gene expression globally and acting as a plausible transcriptional repressor. (bvsalud.org)
P. aeruginosa responded to spaceflight conditions through differential regulation of 167 genes and 28 proteins, with Hfq as a global transcriptional regulator. (sckcen.be)
New CodY independent transcriptional changes were detected including genes involved in the SOS response, iron storage (e.g. ftnA, dps), oxidative stress response (e.g., perR, katA, sodA) and the psmα1-4 and psmß1-2 operons coding for cytotoxic, phenol soluble modulins (PSMs). (nih.gov)
Thus, although most regulation of gene expression occurs through transcriptional control in prokaryotes, regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes occurs at the transcriptional level and post-transcriptionally (after the primary transcript has been made). (pressbooks.pub)
Autophagy can further be regulated by several transcriptional factors such as NFkappaB and TFEB to promote expression of different autophagy genes and thus prolong autophagy activation ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
which exhibited low transcriptional activity, especially of genes involved in secondary bile acid biosynthesis and neuroendocrine signaling (i.e., production of neurotransmitters, indoles and ligands for cannabinoid receptors). (biomedcentral.com)
Here we analyze the P. anserina transcriptional responses to two bacterial species, Serratia fonticola to which P. anserina survives and S. marcescens to which P. anserina succumbs, and compare these to the transcriptional response induced under VI conditions. (hal.science)
Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
INTRODUCTION broken, which in realistic situations can severly constrain the Transcriptional regulation of effector genes is a highly successful regulatory options. (lu.se)

In addition, and and that encode interferon-induced proteins which are involved in the protective response to viral contamination [46]. (mingsheng88.org)
The significantly upregulated genes encode proteins involved in reactions of the energy-generating phosphotransferase system and transcription processing, which could be related to phage transcription. (lu.se)
A typical bacterial genome contains more than 4,000 genes, which encode all of the proteins that the cells need to survive. (techaiapp.com)

In support to this hypothesis, the microarray analysis revealed two up-regulated genes, and (Table 2, Physique 3) that play important functions in the host defense against bacterial pathogens. (mingsheng88.org)
We microarrays and proteomics are allowing the response of thus endeavor to understand how the pathogen adapts to bacterial pathogens to different environments to be probed the host microenvironment, what selective pressures are at the whole genome level. (cdc.gov)
Although using these technolo- acting on the pathogen in each microenvironment, what gies to analyze pathogens within a host is still in its infancy, bacterial factors are responsible for the host damage, and initial studies indicate that these technologies will be valu- able tools for understanding how the pathogen reacts to the how the immune system is evaded. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial pathogens must be able to gain gene-at-a-time" approach. (cdc.gov)
Two of these environment, pathogens must be able to regulate the neces- methods, signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo sary genes in coordination as they move from the environ- expression technology, do not directly measure gene ment to the host and from one host niche to another. (cdc.gov)
expression and do not allow true genomic-scale analysis, The primary aim of investigating bacterial pathogenesis but they have been devised to identify genes necessary for is to understand the way that pathogens interact with the pathogens during real infections. (cdc.gov)
PERSPECTIVE their application to analysis of bacterial pathogens during terial gene expression during growth in vitro under condi- real infections is still in its infancy. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, this research field allows the unveiling of novel connections between low-fluid-shear regions encountered by pathogens during their natural infection process and bacterial virulence. (sckcen.be)
Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of autophagy manipulation in improving therapeutics and vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the many functions of autophagy in bacterial infections with a focus on macrophages, the first line of host defenses, and the replicative niche of numerous pathogens. (frontiersin.org)

Expression of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae photolyase gene in Escherichia coli. (shengsci.com)
A 3.3-kilobase PvuII fragment carrying the PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector and introduced into E. coli strains deficient in DNA photolyase. (shengsci.com)
The healthy newborn intestine is initially colonized with bacterial species present in the maternal gastrointestinal tract, including nonpathogenic Escherichia coli. (elsevierpure.com)
To identify Escherichia coli genes potentially regulated by filamentous phage infection, we used oligonucleotide microarrays. (lu.se)
In Escherichia coli, ppGpp regulates the expression of cellular factors that are important during urinary tract infections. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

A comparison of the TF repertoire of S. aureus against 1209 sequenced bacterial genomes was carried out allowing us to identify a core set of orthologous TFs for the Staphylococacceae , and also allowing us to assign potential functions to previously uncharacterized TFs. (biomedcentral.com)
We have evaluated the orthologous distribution of these elements in other sequenced bacterial genomes using the repertoire of TFs identified in USA300, and identified a core set of regulators for both the Firmicutes phylum, and the Staphylococacceae group. (biomedcentral.com)
Nowadays, the production of full Wolbachia genomes does not require the physical isolation of the bacterial strains from their respective hosts, and the bacterium is often sequenced as a by-catch of host genomic projects. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we describe how to identify protein secretion systems in bacterial genomes using the MacSyFinder program. (bvsalud.org)
CRISPR systems allow us to edit, engineer, or regulate genomes, hold great promise for clinical applications, and are likely to be used to treat diseases with genetic underpinnings, including cancer ( 9 , 10 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
genomes may elucidate genes that are unique to those species of spirochetes associated with ticks. (cdc.gov)

An A. salmonicida genomic DNA library was constructed by using lambda GEM-11 and recombinant phage carrying both genes ompAI and ompAII) selected by immunoscreening. (shengsci.com)
The analysis revealed altered transcription levels of 12 E. coli genes in response to phage infection, and the observed regulation of phage genes correlated with the known in vivo pattern of M13 mRNA species. (lu.se)
In the new mutant mice, a planted bacterial phage enzyme turns on with Wnt1, which excises a gene necessary for cells to respond to the hedgehog signal. (harvard.edu)

Notably, Irg1 protein is usually localized in mitochondria, a cellular compartment recently recognized as a platform orchestrating anti-inflammatory and immune cell defense mechanisms [51]. (mingsheng88.org)
The additional information gen- these responses will increase understanding of the molec- erated by whole genome studies goes far beyond that ular mechanisms of pathogenesis, identify new bacterial derived by characterizing in isolation more genes and gene virulence factors, and aid in the design of new vaccines. (cdc.gov)
The phenotypic consequences resulting from (pp)pGpp accumulation vary among species and can be mediated by different underlying mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Elucidating the mechanisms controlling gene expression is important to the understanding of human health. (pressbooks.pub)
These downregulated genes are normally part of the host stress response mechanisms that protect the bacterium during conditions of acid stress and stationary phase transition. (lu.se)
To study gene variants and molecular mechanisms that influence the risk of salt-sensitive hypertension, we performed whole transcriptome profiling (RNA-Seq, small RNA-Seq) on baboons (kidney biopsy samples) discordant for hypertension and the hypertension phenotype sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC), following two diets differing in sodium content. (wakehealth.edu)

Because metabolic reprogramming modulates immune responses to TLR-4 activation, we investigated the effect of MKP-1 deficiency on mitochondrial electron transport chains involved in oxidative phosphorylation and transcription factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. (cmich.edu)
We show that MKP-1-deficient mice/ macrophages exhibit, at baseline, higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation, TFAM, PGC-1a, and NRF-1 associated with increased respiration and production of reactive oxygen species as compared with wild-type mice. (cmich.edu)
These findings support the conclusion that MKP-1 plays an important role in regulating proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and modulates expression of mitochondrial transcription factors. (cmich.edu)

Our data further support the role of ppGpp participating in the coordinated regulation of the expression of bacterial factors required during infection. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Diseases caused by infection with Borrelia species body louse), all known species are transmitted by ticks (4). (cdc.gov)

STAT proteins induce transcription of IFN-stimulated genes upon binding of type I interferon to its heterodimeric receptor [43]. (mingsheng88.org)
In this context, DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) play an important regulatory role by either repressing or activating genes in response to environmental and physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
however, gene expression in eukaryotes is more complicated because of the temporal and spatial separation between the processes of transcription and translation. (pressbooks.pub)
Once intracellular concentration increases, autoinducers bind to their receptors, triggering signaling cascades that alter transcription factor activity and therefore, gene expression. (asm.org)
The histone demethylases are involved in regulating cellular processes such as chromatin structure and transcription. (orderwithme.com)
Contributing to the interest of the present topic is the fact that modulation of gene activity involves the sensing of intra- and inter-cellular conditions, DNA binding and DNA dynamics, and interaction with the replication/transcription machinery of the cell. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
From there, Jeong traced the sonic hedgehog signal to the Fox genes, a family of transcription factors that turn on other genes. (harvard.edu)
MKP-1 controls the expression of numerous inflammatory genes and transcription factors, thereby regulating innate and adaptive immunity. (cmich.edu)
Mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated by three nuclear-encoded proteins, including transcription factor A (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator-1-a (PGC-1a). (cmich.edu)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)

The CHS gene affects the synthesis and/or maintenance of storage/secretory granules in various types of cells. (medscape.com)
Recurrence of AR leads an array of alterations in plants that includes inhibited seed germination, growth and productivity, biomass accumulation, photosynthesis, enzyme activities, protein synthesis, gene expression patterns, and over production of active oxygen species (AOS). (degruyter.com)

CGD patients are unable to produce reactive oxygen species and suffer from life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections due to genetic defects in NADPH oxidase components (16). (bartleby.com)
Other genetic and environmental factors, for example certain bacterial and viral infections, also affect the chances of developing this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
The team, led by Barbara Bendlin, PhD, and Frederico Rey, PhD, collected stool samples from participants and used genetic sequencing technology to identify the bacterial species present, and assess the microbial richness and diversity. (washington.edu)
CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing has revolutionized genetic research, triggering the development of a plethora of technologies and applications that provide unprecedented control over genes in a growing list of model species ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
Genetic epistasis and biochemical analyses revealed that Senju regulates the Toll signaling pathway at a step that converts Toll ligand Spatzle to its active form. (sdbonline.org)
gut microbiome at a detailed genetic and functional (transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic) level, providing new insights into the importance of the gut microbiome in human health, and they are able to map microbiome variability between species, individuals and populations. (kss.org.pl)
The baboon is closely related to humans and a popular laboratory primate species, suitable for the genetic study of complex traits and susceptibility to complex diseases. (wakehealth.edu)
Since specific genetic variants are regulating blood pressure, medications are often ineffective. (wakehealth.edu)
For this purpose, we will integrate clinical phenotype data with multi-omics data of human (genomic, metabolomic, proteomic) and gut origin to clarify connections between dietary patterns/intakes, host genetic factors, circulating metabolites and inflammatory proteins and gut microbiota composition, diversity and functional capacity, and how such connections relate to risk of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). (lu.se)
Аутосомно-рецесивний Genetic disorders determined by a single gene (Mendelian disorders) are easiest to analyze and the most well understood. (msdmanuals.com)
With the advances in BMT and gene therapy, patients now have a better likelihood of developing a functional immune system in a previously lethal genetic disease. (medscape.com)

TetR is used in artificially engineered gene regulatory networks because of its capacity for fine regulation of promoters. (wikipedia.org)
As virulence determinant production is very tightly regulated in S. aureus , a thorough understanding of its regulatory network is necessary to fully comprehend the pathogenic processes of this bacterium. (biomedcentral.com)
Analyses of the ftnA, dps and psm genes in different regulatory mutants revealed that their (pp)pGpp-dependent regulation can occur independent of the regulators PerR, Fur, SarA or CodY. (nih.gov)
The NasS and NasT proteins co-purify as a stable heterotetrameric regulatory complex, NasS-NasT. (ox.ac.uk)
Both are regulated by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism involving a bifunctional serine/ threonine kinase and a pyrophosphorylase (PPDK regulatory protein, PDRP, and PEPS regulatory protein, PSRP, respectively). (scirp.org)
We also demonstrated that altering the intermediate amino acid did not alter the specificity of the regulatory proteins for their protein substrates. (scirp.org)
Although details of the regulatory mechanism were elucidated in the middle 1980s the maize PPDK regulatory protein was not cloned until 2006 [9]. (scirp.org)
The cloning of maize PPDK regulatory protein (PDRP) revealed the regulatory protein had been sequenced from more than 200 bacterial species and had been identified as DUF299 (domain of unknown function). (scirp.org)
The PEP synthetase regulatory protein (PSRP) from E. coli has been cloned and expressed [11]. (scirp.org)

The creation and isolation of specific mutants is a cornerstone of bacterial genetics. (lu.se)
He is director of research at CNRS and, since 2001, is the head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics which, for more than 30 years, has been studying the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway as a whole. (degruyter.com)
For researchers in a developmental genetics laboratory, eliminating a gene has been an important step in learning what it does. (harvard.edu)

Mutations in the genes that specify how the cell makes the transporters, or in regulator genes that stimulate their production, can result in no transporters, or less effective transporters. (creation.com)
Since Hfq was also differentially regulated in spaceflight-grown Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Hfq represents the first spaceflight-induced regulator acting across bacterial species. (sckcen.be)
In Paracoccus denitrificans, the pathway-specific two-component regulator for NAS expression is encoded by the nasT and nasS genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we show that the putative RNA-binding protein NasT is a positive regulator essential for expression of the nas gene cluster (i.e. nasABGHC). (ox.ac.uk)
Thus, upon liberation from the complex, the positive regulator NasT is free to up-regulate nas gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)
Treatment is supportive through aggressive multidisciplinary care along with small-molecule correctors and potentiators targeting the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein defect. (msdmanuals.com)
It encodes a membrane-associated protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). (msdmanuals.com)

NMR and neutron studies of chromatin structure (Cambridge)DNA within the cell is packaged into bundles with proteins to give a structure called chromatin. (ukri.org)
Deuteration will be used to study how key protein complexes work to regulate the formation of chromatin structure, and which genes are expressed (transcribed into RNA and protein).9. (ukri.org)

It has been postulated that exposure to mastic essential oil affects directly or indirectly signaling pathways that modulate gene expression, cell proliferation, and differentiation. (mingsheng88.org)
Deletion of hbhA resulted in the upregulation of â ¼73% of all differentially expressed genes, belonging to multiple pathways suggesting it to be a global repressor. (bvsalud.org)
The process is highly regulated by multiple signaling pathways and orchestrated by more than 30 autophagy-related (Atgs) proteins organized in several functional units ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
No genes belonging to any known E. coli stress response pathways were scored as upregulated. (lu.se)
Integrated datasets reveal affected genes, proteins, and pathways to identify potential therapeutic targets. (wakehealth.edu)
A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)

The tetA gene is also present in the widely used E. coli cloning vector pBR322, where it is often referred to by the name of its tetracycline-resistance phenotype, TetR, not to be confused with TetR. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of ompAI and ompAII separately in E. coli indicated that both genes could be independently transcribed from their own promoters and that both gene products were assembled into the E. coli outer membrane. (shengsci.com)
Complementation of the E. coli phr-1 mutation was observed, strongly suggesting that the yeast PHR1 gene encodes a. (shengsci.com)
This is a false colored mesoscopic image of two strains of E. coli expressing different fluorescent proteins. (the-scientist.com)
Thus, these data show that bacterial proteins produced after nutrient-induced E. coli growth may signal meal termination. (kss.org.pl)
In the case of the lac operon of E. coli, a well-studied system for whether a gene is regulated. (lu.se)

This entire saturated Analysis requires excavation-stabilization animals, mitochondrial class Fossils and new boundary proteins, of pre-literate sterile time. (private-art.com)

Tet Repressor proteins (otherwise known as TetR) are proteins playing an important role in conferring antibiotic resistance to large categories of bacterial species. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins can act on genes with various functions including antibiotic resistance, biosynthesis and metabolism, bacterial pathogenesis, and response to cell stress. (wikipedia.org)
Disrupting the bacterial communication structure is an exciting innovation and practical response to the sharp rise of antibiotic resistance across bacterial species. (asm.org)

We based our search on the known bacterial SaxA proteins to select candidate genes for further investigations. (mpg.de)
Our high-throughput, multiplexed GbS protocol identified single-nucleotide variants in candidate genes and miRNAs associated with SLC variation in 770 baboons. (wakehealth.edu)

Bacterial cells from different species can combine into unique hybrid cells by fusing their cell walls and membranes and sharing cellular contents, including proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA), the molecules which regulate gene expression and control cell metabolism. (azolifesciences.com)
The two organisms combine cell walls and membranes and exchange proteins and RNA to form hybrid cells, some of which continue to divide and in fact differentiate into the characteristic sporulation program. (azolifesciences.com)
NMR/neutron studies of a mechanosensitive channel protein (Oxford) We will study a 'mechanosensitive' protein from membranes that controls cell shape and size in different environments. (ukri.org)
CFTR is a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated chloride channel, regulating chloride, sodium, and bicarbonate transport across epithelial membranes. (msdmanuals.com)

The course comprises molecular biology of genes, proteins, multicomponent protein complexes, and other biomolecules that provide structure and perform the organism's functions. (lu.se)
principles: standards and Protocols( Methods in Molecular Biology) traditional EditionCardiac Gene change: species and Protocols( Methods in Molecular Biology) Floral material. (private-art.com)
As a disease in the Therefore raw 3-38Structures in Molecular Biology™ microtubule, the molecules explain Once such, History association terms, universities of the different agents and resources, and the Notes solution, which promotes proteins on sulla and misfolding based filters. (private-art.com)
Neutron scattering studies of a multienzyme complex (Glasgow)We will study how a particular set of proteins is put together to make a specialised 'molecular machine' of medical importance that controls a key step in the pathway that converts glucose into energy.5. (ukri.org)
Protein secretion systems are complex molecular machineries that translocate proteins through the outer membrane and sometimes through multiple other barriers. (bvsalud.org)
With the advances in molecular biology, a new classification era of these organisms arises, with the development of sequencing of specific genes based initially on a small sequence of the 18 s gene, or SSU-rDNA [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Within the research in Molecular Biology, one important field along the years has been the analyses on how prokaryotes regulate the expression of their genes and what the consequences of these activities are. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

The enzyme contained 2 g-atoms of iron per mol of protein. (shengsci.com)
The structure of the dimeric A. fumigatus enzyme revealed the presence of a Ca 2+ binding site whose occupancy partially regulates enzymatic activity. (nature.com)
The restriction enzyme and its corresponding methylase constitute the restriction-modification system of a bacterial species. (orderwithme.com)
a foreign substance, usually protein or carbohydrate substance (as a toxin or enzyme) capable of stimulating an immune response, usually the production of antibodies. (cdc.gov)

The discovery that the activity of aluminium-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) can be regulated by GABA 18 represents a plausible mechanism by which GABA signals could be transduced in plants, providing a putative-but unproven-novel signalling link between primary metabolism and physiology 19 . (nature.com)
This mechanism is regulated by the expression of aquaporins in the contractile vacuole membrane. (hindawi.com)

The expression of a gene is a highly regulated process. (pressbooks.pub)

First described to modulate metabolic adaptive responses, ppGpp modulates the expression of genes belonging to very diverse functional categories. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
MKP-1-deficient animals exhibit aberrant metabolic responses following bacterial infections with a markedly increased mortality in response to sepsis. (cmich.edu)
Researching an integrative approach to identify species and metabolic processes of the gut microbiota important in diet-induced obesity. (wakehealth.edu)
Metagenomic sequence data identifies microbial species and their metabolic potential, while metaproteomic data provides information on the abundance of expressed proteins in baboons fed an obesity-inducing high-fat, high-sugar diet. (wakehealth.edu)

pp)pGpp induction resulted in the downregulation of many genes involved in protein and RNA/DNA metabolism. (nih.gov)

Transcriptomics analyses of a hbhA KO strain revealed that it regulates the expression of â ¼36% of total and â ¼29% of essential genes. (bvsalud.org)
Two homologs of the outer membrane protein OmpA were identified in Aeromonas salmonicida by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and amino-terminal sequence analyses. (shengsci.com)

The paper describes the isolation and characterization of a novel pelagic bacterial strain capable of hepatotoxic microcystin (MC) degradation. (degruyter.com)

Understanding the interaction between the gene expression of a pathogen and that of its human host is important for the understanding of a particular infectious disease. (pressbooks.pub)
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating fungal pathogen that can infect more than 400 different plant species. (mpg.de)

gene encodes for the and by enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) GNE-0439 within macrophage-lineage cells [50]. (mingsheng88.org)
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most representative reactive carbonyl species (RCSs) produced by lipid oxidation in food. (frontiersin.org)
Vaughn and Gardner (1993) showed that four reactive carbonyl species (RCSs) generated by the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in soybean, including (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal and (Z)-3-nonenal could stress the coexisting fungi. (frontiersin.org)
There is probably no single one chemical exposure responsible for these illnesses, but more likely a mixed exposure of chemical classes such as particulate matter and oxygenated organic species (oxidized volatile organic compounds that are likely biologically reactive and potentially cause cell damage and increase susceptibility to disease). (cdc.gov)

In addition, it can react with proteins and nucleic acids, causing biological damage to cells and carbonyl stress. (frontiersin.org)

Bacterial communication relies on versatile chemical signaling molecules called autoinducers, which regulate bacterial gene expression in a process known as quorum sensing. (asm.org)
The quorum sensing system V. cholerae uses to regulate biofilm formation. (asm.org)
Quorum sensing between different bacterial species occurs as well. (asm.org)

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormal intracellular protein transport. (medscape.com)
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a lysosomal degradative process that participates in cellular homeostasis by enabling the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, or intracellular microorganisms ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
When the intracellular concentration of autoinducers is low, autoinducer receptors act as kinases , transferring phosphate to LuxO (LuxO~P). LuxO~P promotes the expression of proteins used for building biofilms. (asm.org)

However, we now have a number of methods that must also produce factors that result (directly or indirectly) allow identification of genes critical for survival in a host in host damage. (cdc.gov)

Although we have been aware of polymicrobial infections, arguably for centuries, only recently has biotechnology allowed the delicate dissection of the role of individual microbial species in infections. (asmblog.org)

Even though diverse strains of S. aureus have been extensively studied, and subjected to genome sequencing, the function of a large proportion of their genes remains unidentified. (biomedcentral.com)
In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
Genome editing is achieved by precisely targeting the nuclease activity of a modified bacterial protein (Cas9) via a user-defined guide RNA to a specific DNA sequence ( 1 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
A physicist by training, he uses genome-wide measurements and biophysical modeling to quantify cells' protein production and discover how cells achieve such precise control of those quantities. (techaiapp.com)
Genes up regulated tend to be clustered in the genome, and display limited phylogenetic distribution. (hal.science)

For more than 15 years he has been involved in discovery of inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis as potential antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)

Autophagy is a well-conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that plays key roles in bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)
Xenophagy requires formation of an autophagosome and depends on ULK1, autophagy-related (Atg)14, Beclin-1, Atg5-12, and autophagy receptor proteins such as p62 (A.1). (frontiersin.org)
In all three responses we observed genes related to autophagy to be up-regulated. (hal.science)

Whether the observed changes in pathogenesis-related gene expression in response to spaceflight culture could lead to an alteration of virulence in P. aeruginosa remains to be determined and will be important for infectious disease risk assessment and prevention, both during spaceflight missions and for the general public. (sckcen.be)

The results extend the findings from other researchers that sonic hedgehog regulates the proliferation and cell survival necessary for forming a face in chick embryos. (harvard.edu)

Clearly, interspecies bacterial communication influences the regulation of gene expression. (asmblog.org)

They also used mutants of the fungus in which the SaxA-encoding gene had been knocked out for comparison. (mpg.de)
Mutants lacking the gene for this detoxification pathway were dramatically reduced in their capacity to tolerate isothiocyanates. (mpg.de)
However, it was surprising to see that these mutants up-regulated their general pathway of detoxification, although this did not compensate for the mutation,' says Jingyuan Chen. (mpg.de)

While the defined roles of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in regulating cell death have been well-established, additional factors that modulate JNK-mediated cell death have yet to be fully elucidated. (sdbonline.org)
This paper explores the involvement of the Toll/NF-kappaB pathway in the localized activation of wound repair genes around epidermal breaks. (sdbonline.org)

The non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been proposed to be an ancient messenger for cellular communication conserved across biological kingdoms. (nature.com)
At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)

After epidermal injury, barrier repair requires activation of many wound response genes in epidermal cells surrounding wound sites. (sdbonline.org)

Therefore, immune responses are tightly regulated from initiation to resolution and are repressed during the steady state. (sdbonline.org)

Using bioinformatics tools and biochemical experiments, we have identified the heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HbhA) protein of Mtb as a novel sequence-independent DNA-binding protein which has previously been characterized as an adhesion molecule required for extrapulmonary dissemination. (bvsalud.org)
Jeong began her project by asking if the versatile signaling molecule sonic hedgehog regulates growth and pattern formation of the face as it does in other developing organs and body structures. (harvard.edu)

We perform novel type of shotgun metagenomic analysis with precision and coverage far beyond the classical reference -based approaches, enabling detection and quantification of all bacterial species to strain level, and phages. (lu.se)

Along this line, gene that encodes Mx protein, a member of the large GTPases family, known to be exclusively induced by IFNs [48], was also down-regulated (Table 2). (mingsheng88.org)
encodes a protein that belongs to the mucin family of. (mingsheng88.org)

Studies of bacterial protein-DNA complexes (Portsmouth)All bacterial species have an 'immune system', whereby their own DNA can be distinguished from foreign DNA. (ukri.org)
The HLA-DQB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
MHC class II proteins display these peptides to the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
Each MHC class II gene has many possible variations, allowing the immune system to react to a wide range of foreign invaders. (medlineplus.gov)
The DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes, which may occur separately or together, seem to increase the risk of an inappropriate immune response to the protein gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley. (medlineplus.gov)
In Podospora anserina VI is controlled by members of the hnwd gene family encoding for proteins analogous to NOD Like Receptors (NLR) immune receptors in eukaryotes. (hal.science)

Whereas regulating gene expression in multicellular organisms allows for cellular differentiation, in single-celled organisms like prokaryotes, it primarily ensures that a cell's resources are not wasted making proteins that the cell does not need at that time. (pressbooks.pub)

He used a tool known as parallel sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (par-seqFISH) on populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a species often found in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis. (the-scientist.com)
Such findings in human and mouse models point to the tantalizing prospect that restoring healthy gut bacterial composition could prevent or slow the development of Alzheimer's in at-risk populations. (washington.edu)
Therefore, it plays an essential biological role in the control of bacterial populations. (hindawi.com)
Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)

Advanced tools of 'multi-omics' technology allow researchers to identify species in the human gut and analyze the bacterial genes and protein products that affect our brain health. (washington.edu)

Nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) regulate multiple cellular processes such as gene expression, virulence, and dormancy throughout bacterial species. (bvsalud.org)

Similarly, all cells in two pure bacterial cultures inoculated from the same starting colony contain the same DNA, with the exception of changes that arise from spontaneous mutations. (pressbooks.pub)

This is the first report of any bacterial species possessing two genes for homologs of this major outer membrane protein. (shengsci.com)
This latter step is mediated by a second Beclin-1 complex, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and a fusion machinery including SNARE syntaxin-17. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy11

Organisms46

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs89

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science4

Geographicals1

Bacteria38

Enzymes21

Transcriptional13

Encode3

Pathogens10

Escherichia5

Genomes6

Phage3

Mechanisms6

Oxidative3

Infection2

Transcription10

Synthesis2

Genetic11

Regulatory9

Genetics3

Regulator7

Chromatin structure2

Pathways6

Coli6

Mitochondrial1

Antibiotic resistance3

Candidate genes2

Membranes4

Molecular7

Enzyme4

Mechanism2

Highly regulated1

Metabolic4

Metabolism1

Analyses2

Isolation1

Pathogen2

Reactive4

Nucleic1

Quorum3

Intracellular3

Identification of genes1

Microbial species1

Genome5

Biosynthesis1

Autophagy3

Pathogenesis1

Survival1

Regulation of gene ex1

Mutants3

Pathway2

Amino acid2

Response genes1

Tightly regulated1

Molecule2

Strain1

Encodes2

Immune7

Organisms1

Populations4

Analyze1

Cellular processes1

Mutations1

Membrane protein2