Regulate sodium potassium chloride symporters. Medical search. Frequent questions

Serotonin-reuptake transporters are dependent on both the concentration of potassium ion in the cytoplasm and the concentrations of sodium and chloride ions in the extracellular fluid. (wikipedia.org)
They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. (lookformedical.com)
Enables the transfer of potassium ions (K+) from one side of a membrane to the other. (planteome.org)
It is well-established that the secondary active transporters Glt Tk and Glt Ph catalyze coupled uptake of aspartate and three sodium ions, but insight in the kinetic mechanism of transport is fragmentary. (nature.com)
Here, we systematically measured aspartate uptake rates in proteoliposomes containing purified Glt Tk , and derived the rate equation for a mechanism in which two sodium ions bind before and another after aspartate. (nature.com)
These experiments have indicated that most likely two sodium ions bind first, then aspartate, and finally the third sodium ion. (nature.com)
This means that ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride cannot cross membranes to any significant degree by simple diffusion, and must instead be transported by specialized proteins (which we'll discuss later). (khanacademy.org)
Chloride ions also have other important physiological roles. (t3db.ca)
DAT is a symporter that moves dopamine across the cell membrane by coupling the movement to the energetically-favorable movement of sodium ions moving from high to low concentration into the cell. (cloudfront.net)
In the most widely accepted model for monoamine transporter function, sodium ions must bind to the extracellular domain of the transporter before dopamine can bind. (cloudfront.net)
Studies using electrophysiology and radioactive-labeled dopamine have confirmed that the dopamine transporter is similar to other monoamine transporters in that one molecule of neurotransmitter can be transported across the membrane with one or two sodium ions. (cloudfront.net)
Chloride ions are also needed to prevent a buildup of positive charge. (cloudfront.net)

INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM. (lookformedical.com)
Some of the unpleasant symptoms people experience on a very low carb diet especially during the initial transition away from a habitually high carb intake-such as fatigue headaches dizziness and nausea-are the result of insufficient electrolytes sodium most importantly. (casi.org)
The sodium needs to be replaced along with other electrolytes. (casi.org)
It works in the kidneys to get rid of extra water and electrolytes (like sodium and potassium), which helps decrease swelling. (firebaseapp.com)

Chloride-transporting proteins (CLC) play fundamental roles in many tissues in the plasma membrane as well as in intracellular membranes. (t3db.ca)
Once dopamine binds, the protein undergoes a conformational change, which allows both sodium and dopamine to unbind on the intracellular side of the membrane. (cloudfront.net)

The laforin-malin complex negatively regulates glycogen synthesis by modulating cellular glucose uptake via glucose transporters. (ouhsc.edu)
Histamine Receptors Regulate the Activity, Surface Expression, and Phosphorylation of Serotonin Transporters. (musc.edu)

Natriuresis may be accompanied by some loss of potassium and bicarbonate. (drugbank.com)
Also, the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger biological transport protein relies on the chloride ion to increase the blood's capacity of carbon dioxide, in the form of the bicarbonate ion. (t3db.ca)

Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. (drugbank.com)

Obviously it helps to regulate extracellular fluid volume. (casi.org)

Regulates signal amplitude and duration at serotonergic synapses and is the site of action of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS. (musc.edu)

The serotonin transporter (SERT or 5-HTT) also known as the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and solute carrier family 6 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
In order to function properly the serotonin transporter requires the membrane potential created by the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase. (wikipedia.org)

The antihypertensive mechanism of cyclothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. (drugbank.com)
Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. (drugbank.com)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by alterations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTCR) gene that result in deranged sodium and chloride ion transport channels. (t3db.ca)

Sodium is required for iodine uptake by the thyroid gland and certain other tissues. (casi.org)
Drosophila transmembrane protein 214 (dTMEM214) regulates midgut glucose uptake and systemic glucose homeostasis. (ouhsc.edu)

Edema ) and dysnatremias ( hyponatremia Hyponatremia Hyponatremia is defined as a decreased serum sodium (sNa+) concentration less than 135 mmol/L. Serum sodium is the greatest contributor to plasma osmolality, which is very tightly controlled via antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release from the hypothalamus and by the thirst mechanism. (lecturio.com)
145 mmol/L. Serum sodium is the greatest contributor to plasma osmolality, which is very tightly controlled by the hypothalamus via the thirst mechanism and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release. (lecturio.com)
Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. (drugbank.com)

The transporter protein, by recycling serotonin, regulates its concentration in a gap, or synapse, and thus its effects on a receiving neuron's receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. (lookformedical.com)
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. (lookformedical.com)
The percentage yield of SPs increased with an increase in concentration of sodium nitrate as compared to control. (brjnmims.org)

Link to all annotated objects annotated to potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity. (planteome.org)
Link to all direct and indirect annotations to potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity. (planteome.org)

GABA(A) receptors are pentameric complexes that function as ligand-gated chloride ion channels. (t3db.ca)

As a diuretic, cyclothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. (drugbank.com)
This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. (drugbank.com)
Cyclothiazide increases excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. (drugbank.com)

The yeast accumulated sodium at high concentrations, which improved growth in salty media. (bvsalud.org)
In the current study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) cells were attributed to sodium nitrate stress in concentrations such as 5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM, and a control to determine the productivity and bioactivity of SPs. (brjnmims.org)

Bumetanide is a loop diuretic and works by decreasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys. (firebaseapp.com)
The amount of chloride in the blood is carefully controlled by the kidneys. (t3db.ca)

As part of the sodium-potassium ATP pumps it's crucial for maintaining a proper electrochemical gradient across cell membranes and "tight control of cell membrane potential is critical for nerve impulse transmission muscle contraction and cardiac function . (casi.org)
The dopamine transporter ( DAT ) also ( sodium-dependent dopamine transporter ) is a membrane-spanning protein coded for in the human by the SLC6A3 gene , (also known as DAT1 ), that pumps the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synaptic cleft back into cytosol . (cloudfront.net)

There is also a growing body of evidence that the perchlorate anion may be reduced to chloride by plants. (cdc.gov)
The chloride ion is an essential anion that the body needs for many critical functions. (t3db.ca)

There are five perchlorate salts that are manufactured in substantial amounts: magnesium, potassium, ammonium, sodium, and lithium perchlorate. (cdc.gov)
In summary, we show that sodium, but not lithium, up regulates the shunt of the glyoxylic acid in D. hansenii and we propose that this is an important metabolic adaptation to thrive in salty environments. (bvsalud.org)

Drosophila Solute Carrier 5A5 Regulates Systemic Glucose Homeostasis by Mediating Glucose Absorption in the Midgut. (ouhsc.edu)

Chloride is a prominent negatively charged ion of the blood, where it represents 70% of the body's total negative ion content. (t3db.ca)

Hypernatremia occurs either from a lack of access to water or an excessive intake of sodium. (lecturio.com)

Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of serotonergic neurons. (musc.edu)

Potassium and magnesium in particular. (casi.org)

In addition to its functions as an electrolyte, chloride combines with hydrogen in the stomach to make hydrochloric acid, a powerful digestive enzyme that is responsible for the break down of proteins, absorption of other metallic minerals, and activation of intrinsic factor, which in turn absorbs vitamin B12. (t3db.ca)

The suggested amount of chloride intake ranges from 750 to 900 milligrams per day, based on the fact that total obligatory loss of chloride in the average person is close to 530 milligrams per day. (t3db.ca)

Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. (drugbank.com)
By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron.Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. (drugbank.com)

Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (lookformedical.com)

It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. (lookformedical.com)
To understand renal sodium Sodium A member of the alkali group of metals. (lecturio.com)
Thiazides like cyclothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. (drugbank.com)

The energy for this is provided by a sodium gradient established by sodium-potassium ATPases on the basolateral membrane. (drugbank.com)
Because of the tight coupling of the membrane potential and the sodium gradient, activity-induced changes in membrane polarity can dramatically influence transport rates. (cloudfront.net)
Examples of function annotation using dissectHMMER, including the function discovery of an uncharacterized membrane protein Q9K8K1_BACHD (WP_010899149.1) as a lactose/H+ symporter, are presented. (beds.ac.uk)

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits the Na + /2Cl - /K + (NKCC) symporter. (tocris.com)

Perhaps those who follow Paleo diets and do a lot of intense exercise are following an innate biological drive for sodium when they revel in bacon! (casi.org)

These studies have also shown that transport rate and direction is totally dependent on the sodium gradient. (cloudfront.net)

Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. (lookformedical.com)
WNK kinases are a family of serine-threonine kinases that have been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, and they are found in diverse epithelia throughout the body that are involved in chloride ion flux. (t3db.ca)

This transport of serotonin by the SERT protein terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)

The importance of sodium (as sodium chloride) is demonstrated by animals gathering around natural salt deposits or salt licks and by traditional populations placing a high value on salt. (casi.org)
The well-known DASH diet (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) is low in sodium and high in potassium-rich vegetables and fruit . (casi.org)

Helps properly regulate estrogen in the ovaries. (earthclinic.com)
Chloride helps keep the body's acid-base balance. (t3db.ca)

Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. (drugbank.com)
Cell membranes are selectively permeable , regulating which substances can pass through, as well as how much of each substance can enter or exit at a given time. (khanacademy.org)

0.5-1.0mg can be repeated at 2-3 hours DO NOT Bumex (Bumetanide) belongs to the class of organotropic drugs that regulate the function of the organs of the genitourinary system. (firebaseapp.com)

To isolate the sodium carbonate, seaweed was burned and the ash washed with water. (wikipedia.org)

On average, an adult human body contains approximately 115 grams of chloride, making up about 0.15% of total body weight. (t3db.ca)

It is a member of the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family. (wikipedia.org)
Sodium Sodium A member of the alkali group of metals. (lecturio.com)

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food. (lookformedical.com)
Granted most people in the modern industrialized world don't need to worry about getting too little sodium but if it wasn't a problem among at least among some people a cardiovascular researcher wouldn't have written a book called The Salt Fix: Why the Experts Got It All Wrong--and How Eating More Might Save Your Life . (casi.org)
For most people the majority of sodium comes from processed foods-foods that contain salt as a preservative or flavor enhancer. (casi.org)

Sodium as mentioned above is an essential nutrient . (casi.org)

Doctors and nutritionists whose clientele is more savvy regarding "real food" and who cook most of their own food from whole unprocessed ingredients might encounter people who could benefit from more sodium in their diet. (casi.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms8

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs72

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes22

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science2

Health Care2

Ions12

ELECTROLYTES4

Intracellular2

Transporters2

Bicarbonate2

ATPase1

Extracellular1

Inhibitors1

Serotonin transporter2

Large conductance2

Conductance1

Uptake2

Serum3

Concentration4

Transmembrane2

Receptors1

Excretion3

Concentrations2

Kidneys2

Pumps2

Anion2

Lithium2

Solute1

Negatively1

Hypernatremia1

Neurons1

Magnesium1

Hydrochloric acid1

Intake1

Reabsorption2

Excessive1

Renal3

Membrane3

Loop diuretic1

Biological1

Gradient1

Regulation2

Protein1

High2

Helps2

Cell2

Function1

WATER1

Body1

Member2

Salt3

Essential1

Food1