Regulate actin cytoskeleton. Medical search. Frequent questions

Actb , Acta1 ) and actin-binding proteins (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
Similarly, primary cilia have been implicated in regulation of mTOR signaling, in which Tuberous Sclerosis Complex proteins 1 and 2 (TSC1/2) negatively regulate protein synthesis by inactivating the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) at energy limiting states. (springer.com)
Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape, attachment, and motility. (cancerindex.org)
In dendritic cells, actin regulatory proteins control the uptake and presentation of antigens, migration of antigen-bearing cells from sites of infection to lymphoid organs, and defining the outcome of T cell stimulation. (upenn.edu)
Proteins of current interest in the lab include WASP, an actin regulatory protein involved in immunodeficiency disease, HS1, a related protein implicated in autoimmune disease, and Crk family adapter proteins, proteins that control T cell adhesion and migration. (upenn.edu)
Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the presynapse. (mdpi.com)
TJ proteins and cytoskeleton protein F-actin were assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. (ecco-ibd.eu)
These dual functions provide an intriguing model of how membrane proteins can integrate distinct mechanisms to fine-tune local actin dynamics. (stanford.edu)
these proteins are also important in regulating gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
and proteins that interact with members of the Arp2/3 complex and hence the actin cytoskeleton (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
He also helped invent a method of screening for agents that regulate the shedding of membrane-bound proteins by enhancing or inhibiting the activity of DGK-delta, as well as methods of regulating inflammation and cell growth and division by applying these agents, which can be useful for treating cancer. (asbmb.org)
Workplace exposures equivalent to no or low observable proteins and other molecular chaperones (valosin-containing pro- adverse effect concentrations in animals: Step by step tein or VCP) are up-regulated to handle the increase of misfolded approach and damaged proteins which are causing oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
This complex includes nuclear membrane integral and associated proteins including emerin, lamin A/C, SUN1, SUN2, nesprin-1, and nesprin-2 that are proposed to form a mechanical link between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)
Emerin is a ubiquitous inner nuclear membraneprotein, presentin nearly all cell types, although its highest expression is in skeletal and cardiacmuscle.Emerin binds to many nuclear proteins, including several gene-regulatory proteins (eg, barrier-to-autointegration factor, germ cell-less, Btf), nesprins (proteins that act as molecular scaffolds), F-actin, and lamins. (medscape.com)
The sarcomeres represent the contractile element, which is composed of actin, myosin, and Z-band proteins (see image below). (medscape.com)

WAVE2 regulates actin cytoskeletal reorganization and CRAC-mediated calcium entry during T cell activation. (upenn.edu)
Jaumouillé V, Farkash Y, Jaqaman K, Das R, Lowell CA and Grinstein S. Actin cytoskeleton reorganization by Syk regulates Fcγ receptor responsiveness by increasing its lateral mobility and clustering. (sfu.ca)
The protein encoded by this gene is a CDC42 binding protein that mediates actin cytoskeleton reorganization at the plasma membrane. (thermofisher.com)
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular functions, including morphology, motility, and adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)

The bidirectional control of AQP2 trafficking from cytoplasm to the apical plasma membrane is regulated by vasopressin/vasopressin receptor (VP/VPR) pathway and filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization/depolymerization. (asn-online.org)
By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Rho and rac, two members of the ras-related superfamily of small GTPases, regulate the polymerization of actin to produce stress fibers and lamellipodia, respectively. (nih.gov)
The Rho family of GTPases regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (jneurosci.org)
Understanding the mechanisms that regulate activation / inactivation of the GTPases is of obvious biological significance and is a subject of intense investigation. (cytoskeleton.com)
Walpole GFW, Plumb JP, Chung D, Tang B, Boulay B, Osborne DG, Piotrowski JT, Catz SD, Billadeau DD, Grinstein S and Jaumouillé V. Inactivation of Rho GTPases by Burkholderia cenocepacia induces a WASH-mediated actin polymerization that delays phagosome maturation. (sfu.ca)
Cdc42 and Rac - ancient, highly conserved, small GTPases - mediate extracellular signals, triggering changes in transcription and in the actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
In all systems, these GTPases are best known for their effects on the polymerization and distribution of actin in the cell cortex [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, the potential for the actin cytoskeleton (e.g., actin-binding protein complex Arp2/3) to regulate the activity and protein expression of upstream Rho-family GTPases (e.g. (cytoskeleton.com)

For example, when a cytotoxic T cell recognizes a tumor cell for lysis, specific receptor interactions trigger capping of the cortical actin cytoskeleton, creating a specialized membrane domain that is important for T cell signaling events leading to lysis of the tumor cell. (upenn.edu)
The organisation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton at the plasma membrane and how this is involved in regulating receptor signalling (with a focus on Adenosine A2 receptors). (birmingham.ac.uk)
An unbiased screen of 150 small molecules that impact actin organization and 32 anti-mitotic drugs identified two molecular targets, Rho kinase (ROCK) and tropomyosin 3.1/2 (Tpm3.1/2), whose inhibition has the greatest impact on mitotic cortical tension. (bvsalud.org)
Tpm3.1/2 forms a co-polymer with mitotic cortical actin filaments, and its inhibition prevents rescue of multipolar spindles induced by anti-microtubule chemotherapeutics. (bvsalud.org)
Central to this mechanism is the dependence of NM2A on Tpm3.1/2 to produce the functional engagement of actin filaments responsible for cortical tension. (bvsalud.org)

The mechanisms by which neurotrophins regulate growth cone motility are unclear. (jneurosci.org)
Growth cone behaviors change in a region-specific manner as axons extend to their targets ( Mason and Erskine, 2000 ), suggesting that guidance cues regulate growth cone motility. (jneurosci.org)
Therefore, to understand axon guidance, it is important to determine how guidance cues regulate growth cone motility. (jneurosci.org)
Neuronal motility relies on actin treadmilling. (jneurosci.org)
We present a hitherto unappreciated cross talk of actin signaling with gene expression governing neuronal motility. (jneurosci.org)
We show that neuronal motility evoked by these actin mutants requires SRF activity. (jneurosci.org)
Moreover, R62D NLS decreases neuronal motility similar to the cytoplasmic R62D actin mutant although R62D NLS has no access to cytoplasmic actin dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, herein we provide first evidence that neuronal motility not only depends on cytoplasmic actin dynamics but also on the availability of actin to modulate nuclear functions such as gene transcription. (jneurosci.org)
Employing these actin mutants, we uncovered a function for actin signaling in growth-cone motility modulated by ephrin-A guidance cues. (jneurosci.org)

The signaling pathways activated by neurotrophins can regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which in turn determine growth cone behaviors (Gallo and Letourneau, 1998 , 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
Activation of mTOR-dependent pathways regulates the specification and differentiation of CD4 + T effector cell subsets. (jci.org)
TSC1 and TSC2 also play a role in regulating pathways other than mTORC1/2. (springer.com)
Despite these advances, the roles of TSC1 and TSC2 in regulating signaling pathways independently of mTORC1/2 remain poorly understood. (springer.com)
Topics could include analyzing regulation of T cell actin dynamics at the immunological synapse, analyzing actin function during antigen presentation in dendritic cells, or manipulating cytoskeletal signaling pathways to modify T cell migration during T cell immunotherapy. (upenn.edu)
Gene ontology annotation revealed a number of critical signalling pathways that were differentially expressed in cells treated with LA, including biological processes involved in establishment of cell polarity, molecular functions that regulate junctional structures, and cellular components associated with epithelial repair (cell leading edge, ruffle and apical junctional complex). (ecco-ibd.eu)
Among them, the Rho GTPase family plays a pivotal role in regulating the biochemical and cytoskeletal pathways relevant to cell migration. (rupress.org)

Conversely, actin signaling regulates neuronal SRF-mediated gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
In addition to regulation of cytoplasmic cytoskeletal dynamics, a little appreciated property of actin signaling is modulation of gene expression so far only reported for non-neuronal cells. (jneurosci.org)
Here we analyzed neuronal actin signaling by a novel approach using actin mutant isoforms known to favor or preclude actin polymerization. (jneurosci.org)
Members of this family are known to be key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and affect many aspects of neuronal development," Van Aelst notes. (scienceblog.com)
They showed that neuronal activity, which triggers the activation of post-synaptic cellular receptors, called NMDA receptors, is needed for the function of OPHN1 at the synapse, and that in turn, OPHN1 regulates the plasticity, or strength of the connection. (scienceblog.com)

We also present evidence for interactions between APC and IFs, independent of actin filaments and microtubules. (ku.edu)
The interlaced structure of the cell cytoskeleton, constituted by actin and intermediate filaments and microtubules which continuously change their spatial organization and pre-stresses through polymerization/depolymerization, seems to steer migration, adhesion and cell division by obeying the tensegrity construct. (arxiv.org)
Even though rough calculations lead to estimate discrepancies when comparing axial stiffness of actin filaments and microtubules and recent works have shown bent microtubules, no one has yet tried to remove the hypothesis of rigid struts in tensegrities when used to idealize the cytoskeleton mechanics. (arxiv.org)

Binding to the barbed end requires ICD dimerization and inhibits both actin polymerization and depolymerization, resembling the actin capping protein CapZ. (stanford.edu)

Furthermore, p75 NTR regulates RhoA activity to mediate filopodial dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
These observations suggest that neurotrophins regulate filopodial dynamics by depressing the activation of RhoA that occurs through p75 NTR signaling. (jneurosci.org)
1999 ) provided evidence that p75 NTR can regulate axon extension by signaling through the RhoA pathway, such that the unbound state of p75 NTR activates RhoA, whereas neurotrophin binding to p75 NTR terminates this mode of RhoA activation. (jneurosci.org)
Growth cone behaviors were not investigated in previous studies, and it is unknown whether neurotrophin-p75 NTR interactions regulate RhoA activity in growth cones. (jneurosci.org)
Genetic or pharmacological inactivation of Arp2/3, which controls actin filament branching, reduced contractility and correlated with decreased myosin II and RhoA (but not Rac1 or Cdc42) activation. (cytoskeleton.com)
ARH04 , ARC03 , ACD03 , RT02 , PAK02 , PHDG1 , PHDR1 , and CN03 , respectively) were essential in identifying a specific feedback loop between Arp2/3 and RhoA that reveals a previously unknown actin-based regulatory role in RhoA GTPase-mediated signal transduction. (cytoskeleton.com)
2019. Arp2/3-branched actin maintains an active pool of GTP-RhoA and controls RhoA abundance. (cytoskeleton.com)

Abl tyrosine kinases likely play important roles as downstream receptors in regulating actin cytoskeleton remodeling and intracellular trafficking. (asn-online.org)
In living systems actin regulates fundamental processes such as cell division, migration, membrane protrusions, intracellular interactions, and force generation. (yale.edu)
Previous studies on the highly branched Caenorhabditis elegans PVD sensory neuron identified a membrane co-receptor complex that links extracellular signals to intracellular actin remodeling machinery, promoting high-order dendrite branching. (stanford.edu)
We report here our biochemical and structural analysis of this interaction, revealing that the intracellular domain (ICD) of HPO-30 is intrinsically disordered and employs two distinct mechanisms to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (stanford.edu)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)

Our data demonstrate that neurotrophin binding to p75 NTR is necessary and sufficient to regulate filopodial dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
To further analyze neurotrophin regulation of growth cone behaviors, we examined the role of p75 NTR in regulating filopodial dynamics in peripheral and CNS neurons. (jneurosci.org)
In addition to regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in the cytoplasm, actin modulates nuclear gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
Dynamin regulates the dynamics and mechanical strength of the actin cytoskeleton as a multifilament actin-bundling protein. (nih.gov)
Regulating dynamin dynamics during endocytosis. (nih.gov)
We are particularly interested in molecular dynamics involved in plasma membrane-cytoskeleton interactions and how they impact immune functions of professional phagocytes. (sfu.ca)
The multiplicity of shapes that tensegrity structures can assume and their intrinsic capability to be deployable and assembled, so storing (and releasing) elastic energy, have motivated their success as paradigm -pioneeringly proposed by Donald E. Ingber- to explain some underlying mechanisms regulating dynamics of living cells. (arxiv.org)

LKB1 itself is a constitutively active kinase, which is regulated by posttranslational modifications and direct binding to phospholipids of the plasma membrane. (sdbonline.org)

APC also interacts with the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell polarity. (ku.edu)
EMT is an embryologically conserved genetic program by which epithelial cells down regulate intercellular tight junctions, loose polarity, express mesenchymal markers, and manifest a migratory phenotype [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)

We report here that cdc42, another member of the rho family, triggers the formation of a third type of actin-based structure found at the cell periphery, filopodia. (nih.gov)
CDC42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family that regulates multiple cellular activities, including actin polymerization. (thermofisher.com)

This suggests unoccupied p75 NTR negatively regulates filopodia length. (jneurosci.org)
Filopodia are finger-like projections supported by a cytoskeleton of bundled actin filaments ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
G15S actin enhanced neurite outgrowth and filopodia number. (jneurosci.org)

Our long-term goals in the lab are to understand how receptor-ligand interactions at the cell surface trigger remodeling of the cytoskeleton, and how the cytoskeleton in turn affects the immune response. (upenn.edu)
The intrinsically disordered cytoplasmic tail of a dendrite branching receptor uses two distinct mechanisms to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (stanford.edu)
Jaumouillé V, Cartagena-Rivera AX and Waterman CM. Coupling of β2 integrins to actin by a mechanosensitive molecular clutch drives complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis. (sfu.ca)
When NMDA receptors are activated in the synapse, the team found that OPHN1 is recruited to dendritic spines, where it locally regulates the actin cytoskeleton - as it turns out, in proximity to another receptor type in the synapse called AMPA receptors. (scienceblog.com)
The adhesion receptor dystroglycan provides a critical mechanical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the actin cytoskeleton to help muscle cells withstand contraction and neural cells maintain the blood brain barrier. (biorxiv.org)

Global mapping of protein-metabolite interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals that Ser-Leu dipeptide regulates phosphoglycerate kinase activity. (mpg.de)
Both isoform 3 of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) and Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) are putative effectors of Rap2 in mediating the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
His team discovered a mechanism by which the zeta isoform of DGK stimulates the activity of a phosphate kinase and ultimately helps regulate actin polymerization, which is important in cytoskeleton remodeling. (asbmb.org)

The establishment of neural circuits depends on the ability of axonal growth cones to sense their surrounding environment en route to their target. (biologists.com)
Our data suggest that this effect is mediated via altered stability of actin filaments in the growth cones. (edu.au)

GAGs and PGs perform multiple functions in specific stages of the metastatic cascade due to their defined structure and ability to interact with both ligands and receptors regulating cancer pathogenesis. (hindawi.com)
Free glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycan- (PG-) containing GAGs, key effectors of cell surface, pericellular and extracellular microenvironments, perform multiple functions in cancer by virtue of their coded structure and their ability to interact with both ligands and receptors that regulate cancer growth [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Here we report that TSC1 and TSC2 regulate Smoothened (SMO)-dependent HH signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). (springer.com)

Our results suggest that APC associates with all three major components of the cytoskeleton, thus expanding potential roles for APC in the regulation of cytoskeletal integrity. (ku.edu)

In this complex, the claudin-like transmembrane protein HPO-30 recruits the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) to dendrite branching sites, stimulating the Arp2/3 complex to polymerize actin. (stanford.edu)

These findings demonstrate that a sub-population of Alix localizes extracellularly and regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesions and fibronectin matrix assembly. (nih.gov)
The focus of my lab is on the role of the cytoskeleton in T cell and dendritic cell function. (upenn.edu)
The actin cytoskeleton in T cell activation. (upenn.edu)
DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 regulates cellulose synthesis and affects primary cell wall mechanics. (mpg.de)
We use a combination of biochemical and cell-based assays to show that dystroglycan proteolysis is conformationally regulated by an extracellular, juxtamembrane "proteolysis domain", comprised of tandem Ig-like and SEA-like domains. (biorxiv.org)

The heterodimeric TSC complex negatively regulates mTORC1 activity via the GTPase activity of TSC2, towards the small G-protein RHEB (Ras homologue enriched in brain) [ 5 ]. (springer.com)

To achieve this, a coordinated rearrangement of cytoskeleton in response to extracellular cues is essential. (biologists.com)

In human platelets, Rap2 was shown to interact with the cytoskeleton by binding the actin filaments. (nih.gov)
His main research interests centre around the role of the cytoskeleton in platelets and megakaryocytes and he applies advanced fluorescence microscopy to understanding how this impacts on thrombosis and haemostasis. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Dr Thomas's research is focused around the role of the cytoskeleton in the formation and function of platelets and megakaryocytes. (birmingham.ac.uk)
How the actin cytoskeleton is organised within single platelets in platelet aggregates and how this underlies proper thrombus formation and stability. (birmingham.ac.uk)

FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

Therefore, inhibition of Abl tyrosine kinases by imatinib may lead to blockade of the EGF/EGFR signaling that regulates AQP2 distribution and FR. (asn-online.org)

A. Oller 1 , G. Oberdorster 2 teins like beta-actin (ACTB) and keratin (KRT8, KRT2). (cdc.gov)

Tight junctions (TJs) located at the apical lateral region of adjacent intestinal epithelial cells are largely responsible for regulating the intestinal mucosal barrier. (ecco-ibd.eu)

The actin cytoskeleton is seen in green, and focal adhesions are magenta. (yale.edu)

Although previous studies have identified different chemotropic and adhesion molecules that influence axonal development, the molecular mechanism by which these signals control the cytoskeleton remains poorly understood. (biologists.com)

Overexpressing these mutant actins in mouse hippocampal neurons not only modulated growth-cone function but also neurite elongation, which was ambiguous by traditional pharmacological interference. (jneurosci.org)

Indeed, problems at the synapse - in their formation and in the mechanisms through which the strength, or plasticity, of their connections are regulated - are thought to contribute to numerous mental and neurological disorders. (scienceblog.com)

The actin mutants G15S and S14C favor F-actin assembly, yet differ with regard to their ABP interaction. (jneurosci.org)
Moreover these actin mutants affect neurite elongation, an actin function which by pharmacological actin interference was ambiguous. (jneurosci.org)

Furthermore, the mTORC1 activator (siRNA-TSC2) partially inhibited the above beneficial effects of TSN, suggesting that mTORC1 was the target of TSN to regulate autophagy. (hindawi.com)

How the actin cytoskeleton regulates the formation of the invaginated membrane system in maturing megakaryocytes, and the role this plays in proper platelet formation and release. (birmingham.ac.uk)
We also show a critical role for the actin regulator Tropomyosin 4 in the final steps of platelet formation in lung vasculature. (bvsalud.org)

Cytoskeleton, Inc. offers a wide range of kits and products for drug screening, signal transduction and cytoskeletal research. (cytoskeleton.com)

In 5 of 6 gene mutations that have been shown to cause EDMD, the affected protein is present in the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. (medscape.com)

HS1 functions as an essential actin-regulatory adapter protein at the immune synapse. (upenn.edu)

Alix (ALG-2-interacting protein X), a cytoplasmic adaptor protein involved in endosomal sorting and actin cytoskeleton assembly, is required for the maintenance of fibroblast morphology. (nih.gov)

To date, 1527 human miRNAs have been identified (Sanger miRBase 18 http://www.miRbase.org/index.shtml), forming less than 1% of all human genes, potentially regulating more than 10% of all protein coding genes [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)

The actin cytoskeleton is the gossamer, filament-like scaffolding that provides structure for the contents of cells. (scienceblog.com)
Endothelial cells regulate the passage of gases, fluid and various molecules across blood vessels by acting as selective filters. (bvsalud.org)

MiRNAs, short (18-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs, are derived from long transcripts pri-miRNAs and pre-miRNAs [ 26 - 30 ].By targeting 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of cognate mRNAs, miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and induce translational repression [ 29 , 30 ]. (intechopen.com)

SRF controls gene transcription of various actin isoforms (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
Gsn ) and is the archetypical transcription factor to study actin interplay with transcription. (jneurosci.org)

Damage-regulated autophagy modulator 2(DRAM2) is associated with autophagy processes. (cancerindex.org)

Protein interactome of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate reveals its role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. (mpg.de)

Anatomy41

Organisms13

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs131

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science5

Proteins15

Reorganization4

Filamentous actin2

GTPases7

Cortical5

Motility9

Pathways7

Neuronal5

Filaments and microtubules3

Polymerization and depolymerization1

RhoA7

Intracellular5

Dynamics7

Plasma membrane1

Polarity2

Cdc422

Filopodia3

Receptor5

Kinase3

Growth cones2

Receptors2

Embryonic1

Regulation1

Arp21

Cell5

Negatively regulates1

Rearrangement1

Platelets4

Interactions1

Tyrosine1

Actb1

Epithelial cells1

Focal1

Poorly understood1

Neurons1

Mechanisms1

Mutants2

MTORC11

Platelet formation2

Signal transduction1

Mutations1

Regulatory1

Morphology1

Genes1

Cells2

Gene expression1

Transcription2

Autophagy1

Role1