• In addition, we found that some therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (REGN10987 plus REGN10933, COV2-2196 plus COV2-2130, and S309) and antiviral drugs (molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir and S-217622) can restrict viral infection in the respiratory organs of BA.2-infected hamsters. (nature.com)
  • The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates viral receptor binding and membrane fusion, both of which are essential for viral infection of host cells. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, we have employed NMR and viral plaque assays to probe the interaction between the C-USP7 and HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP0 (infected cell protein 0), which is essential for efficient lytic infection and virus reactivation from latency. (elsevierpure.com)
  • There is a strong body of evidence that children are also less susceptible to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with the ancestral viral isolate. (plos.org)
  • this finding may be associated with the exanthem phase of the presumed viral infection. (medscape.com)
  • Previously, we reported that Cur inhibits type A influenza virus (IAV) infection by interfering with viral haemagglutination (HA) activity. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Noticeably, Pet and THC inhibit IAV to a lesser extent than Cur, which is in line with their effect on reducing plaque formation when IAV was treated with Cur analogues before infection. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality caused by any of four closely related virus serotypes (DENV-1,-2,-3 and -4), all of which circulate in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • Replication of picornaviruses occurs associated to cell endomembranes that are recruited during viral infection ( 25 ). (asm.org)
  • molecules are important for attracting immune system effector cells to localized regions of viral infection. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • The present invention is relative to chimerical peptides, whose primary structure holds at least one segment which inhibits the activation of the NS3 protease of a virus from the Flaviviridae family, they also contain a cell penetrating segment and they are capable of inhibiting or attenuate the viral infection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • We studied the course of infection by analysing the production of viral RNA, proteins and phage particles produced in the cell-free reactions. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Specifically, the viral RNA was replicated, the viral proteins were translated, and infectious phage particles were produced in the cell-free infection systems. (fortunejournals.com)
  • The pattern of translation regulation of the viral proteins appeared similar to in vivo infection. (fortunejournals.com)
  • This assay is a useful tool for detection of ZIKV infection in regions where a number of other clinically indistinguishable arboviruses like dengue or chikungunya co-circulate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further studies are needed to validate this assay in clinical positive samples collected during acute ZIKV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The infection rates and viral titers of larvae and adults were analyzed by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR, and the viral distribution in larval tissues was observed by immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA analysis were used for assessing the infection rate and viral titer in varied tissues and different time points, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In regions of temperate climate, the infection is seasonal, with about 90% of infections occurring in the summer and early fall, and sometimes infections occur in epidemics. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • This engineered human IgM constitutively expressed in a HEK-293 stable cell line can replace human-positive control sera in diagnostic serological techniques such as IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). (cdc.gov)
  • Specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and neutralizing antibodies to the virus in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique: IgM is usually but not always present during acute illness. (medscape.com)
  • an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system to study specific anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) antibody production in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) has been developed. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Promising new inhibitors that target the viral helicase-primase complex have been reported to block replication of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, but they have no activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), another herpesvirus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The HCMV helicase-primase complex (pUL105-pUL102-pUL70) is essential for viral DNA replication and could thus be a relevant antiviral target. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mutational analysis of several of these amino acids both in pUL105 and pUL70, proved that they are crucial for viral replication. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is essential for processing viral polyproteins for replication and functions in host immune evasion by cleaving ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) conjugates. (bvsalud.org)
  • To overcome this obstacle, conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate without (or with minimal) systemic toxicity due to viral self-replication. (hindawi.com)
  • The adenovirus early region 1 (E1) gene, which comprises E1a and E1b, encodes the viral early proteins that are necessary for adenoviral replication and the consequent oncolysis of permissive host cells. (hindawi.com)
  • E1-deleted (including E1a-deleted) adenoviruses are replication defective and are commonly used as viral vectors to carry therapeutic genes for gene therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • The idea behind this study is to place the Ad5 E1 region in cis complementation (i.e., use E1 as a transgene) back into an E1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus under the control of a prostate-specific promoter (PSP). (hindawi.com)
  • On the other hand, 3AB presumably anchors 3B in intracellular membranes originated de novo during the early steps of RNA replication, where uridylylated 3B primes the synthesis of nascent viral RNAs ( 2 , 37 , 68 , 69 ). (asm.org)
  • Remdesivir reduced SARS-CoV-2 titer without detectable cytotoxicity and successfully inhibited viral replication in a dose-dependent manner. (apub.kr)
  • These treatments are divided into direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and host-targeting agents (HTAs), where DAAs target a component of the virus and inhibit its replication (10) and HTAs comprises many host factors involved in not only regulation of inflammatory responses but also viral replication, gene expression, assembly, and exit (11 , 12) . (apub.kr)
  • These assays thus illustrate mutagenie replication of oh 8 Gua as template causing G → T substitutions and misincorporation of oh 8 Gua as substrate causing A → C substitutions, both caused by oh 8 Gua · A mispairs. (psu.edu)
  • The replication of the viral RNA was determined by RT-PCR, while the translation of the viral proteins was examined by radiolabelling, and the production of infectious phage particles was evaluated by double-layered plaque assays. (fortunejournals.com)
  • During initial viral replication, active ganglionitis develops and results in neural necrosis and severe pain, responsible for the prodromal symptom of intense pain that precedes skin eruption in more than 90% of the cases. (bvsalud.org)
  • In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)
  • New drugs targeting essential viral proteins other than pUL54 are therefore urgently needed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, experiments in which the motif-containing region of A36 was replaced with that from a number of other candidate proteins showed that these regions were functionally equivalent in terms of both viral transport and spread. (bhdsyndrome.org)
  • Immunofluorescence and pull-down assays also demonstrated that a number of these proteins could bind KLC1 and KLC2 to differing extents. (bhdsyndrome.org)
  • Replacements L38E and L41E, involving charge acquisition at residues predicted to contribute to the hydrophobic interface, reduced the dimerization signal in the protein ligation assay and prevented the detection of dimer/multimer species in both transiently expressed 3A proteins and in synthetic peptides reproducing the N terminus of 3A. (asm.org)
  • The viral particle is composed of a protein capsid that contains a positive-sense RNA molecule of about 8,500 nucleotides that is infectious and encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed in infected cells by cis - and trans -acting viral proteases ( 55 ) to yield different polypeptide precursors and the mature viral proteins ( 9 , 62 ). (asm.org)
  • The viral genome encodes four structural capsid proteins (VP1 to VP4) and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins, the leader Lb/ab protease, and proteins encoded in the P2 (2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) regions ( 9 ). (asm.org)
  • NS proteins are involved in crucial aspects of the viral cycle and pathogenesis, such as rearrangements of intracellular membranes required for endomembrane recruitment and the lysis of host cells ( 1 , 12 , 14 , 18 , 73 ). (asm.org)
  • Soluble protein were gathered to new pipes and their concentrations had been determined by utilizing the BCA Proteins Assay Package (Pierce). (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Virus particles have a nucleic acid genome and may also carry a few viral proteins, which are enclosed in a capsid of viral proteins or an envelope comprised of a small part of the host cell membrane. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Both termini of the genomic contain sequences that do not encode viral proteins, known as the 5′ and the 3′ untranslated region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence when this cassette is certainly stably inserted in to the WR genome recombinant infections are identified predicated on their capability to type plaques in the current presence of geneticin (G418) also to generate β-glucuronidase a meeting measurable with the production of the blue color when virus-infected cells are incubated using the X-glucuronidase (X-glu) reagent (Clontech Laboratories). (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Noting that there is also a link between other viral infections including COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease, Shah said that there was still little understanding on the mechanisms involved. (medscape.com)
  • While links have been shown between both acute and chronic viral infections and cardiovascular disease in population and epidemiological studies, the mechanistic studies are lacking. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Infections. (ajtmh.org)
  • Members of the human herpesvirus (HHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
  • Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
  • See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)
  • Serological testing for CSGVs is hindered by the limited availability and volumes of human-positive specimens needed as controls in serologic assays. (cdc.gov)
  • Highly virulent or lytic strains create plaques that look clear (due to total cell destruction), while strains that only kill a fraction of their hosts (due to partial resistance/lysogeny), or only reduce the rate of cell growth, give turbid plaques. (wikipedia.org)
  • The susceptibility of isolated HSV strains to various concentrations of ACV was determined by plaque reduction assay. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • WHO Collaborating Centre for Orthopoxvirus Diagnosis and Repository for Variola Virus Strains and DNA, State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation. (who.int)
  • We generated a series of plasmid-specific primer sets and developed a multiplex PCR assay to detect the 14 known plasmids of B. miyamotoi North American strains LB-2001 and CT13-2396. (cdc.gov)
  • and (v) a negative correlation was observed among strains between viral growth in vitro and virulence in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study illustrates the importance of coupling genomic and biologic comparisons of viral strains in order to enhance understanding of viral evolution and pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This deficiency could be overcome using genome-wide analysis of multiple viral strains by high-throughput sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we have completely sequenced the viral genome of the SARS-CoV HSR1 and compared it to other SARS-CoV strains recently isolated in disease-epidemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • For this reason, seasonal vaccines need to be annually reformulated based upon the forecasting of viral strains that will circulate in the coming influenza season. (distantreader.org)
  • Upon expression of the SARS-CoV2-GBP chimera, SPIs are identified as yeast strains having a growth defect due to the forced interaction of the viral query protein with the yeast target protein. (microbialcell.com)
  • Subsequently, assays will be conducted in order to further understand the mechanism of action of both peptoid compounds to address the rising concern of drug resistant strains of fungal pathogens. (mtsu.edu)
  • Between 1968 and 2002, 606 strains including 10 human ZIKV strains were isolated in Central and West Africa countries and reported by the WHO Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever of Pasteur Institute in Dakar [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunogenicity was assessed using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay using vaccine-matched wild virus serotypes (DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3 and DENV 4) at baseline and on 56-, 84- and 180-days post-vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
  • This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • Currently, the only serological assay available for diagnostic testing is plaque reduction neutralization test which takes several days to perform and requires biocontainment. (cdc.gov)
  • Significant antibody titers include levels of more than 320 by hemagglutination inhibition, more than 128 by complement fixation, more than 256 by immunofluorescence, or more than 160 by plaque reduction neutralization test. (medscape.com)
  • We optimized an assay for testing antiviral activity by plaque reduction, tissue culture infectious dose 50, and quantitative RT-PCR. (apub.kr)
  • Definition noun An assay used for virus isolation and purification, and to determine viral titers. (biologyonline.com)
  • this study compared conventional viral isolation (vi) in cell cultures with a commercial product--virgo antigen detection system--for the identification and typing of herpes simplex virus (hsv). (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • This study reveals a new mechanism for the fluid gain of beneficial mutations in genetic regions undergoing active recombination in viruses and illustrates the value of long read sequencing technologies for investigating complex genome dynamics in diverse biological systems. (elifesciences.org)
  • The full-length viral genome sequence was similar to those derived from the Hong-Kong Hotel M isolate. (cdc.gov)
  • The analytical sensitivity of the assay was evaluated to be 32 genome-equivalents and 0.05 plaque forming unit (pfu). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increased amounts of CD4 T cells and Langerhans cells are present in the dermis, possibly reflecting viral antigen processing and presentation. (medscape.com)
  • This biopsy material tested positively for La Crosse virus antigen on direct immunofluorescence assay. (medscape.com)
  • The most important protective antigen on the surface of influenza virus is HA, whose structure can be divided in two distinct regions: the globular head, responsible for the binding to the sialic acid, and the stem region that contains the fusion peptide and the membrane anchor domain. (distantreader.org)
  • Unfortunately, as shown through a toxin-specific assay, the immunological neutralization of the SNTX using the Indonesian antivenom (SABU) was extremely weak, implying that SABU has limited therapeutic efficacy in treating N. sputatrix envenomation clinically. (afpm.org.my)
  • herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gc-1 and gc-2 bind to the third component of complement and provide protection against complement-mediated neutralization of viral infectivity. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • We also constructed the vectors for CVA10 subgenomic replicon with luciferase reporter and viral capsid with EGFP reporter, respectively. (virosin.org)
  • Co-transfection of the viral replicon RNA and capsid expresser in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to the production of single round infectious particles (SRIPs). (virosin.org)
  • Collectively, our data identify the S1 sensor region as a potential hotspot of variability that could alter host antiviral immune responses to newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antiviral activity testing using in vitro assays against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants was assessed by measuring plaque-reducing or cytopathic effects in Vero-E6 cells. (apub.kr)
  • The in vitro assay was validated by evaluating the antiviral activity of remdesivir. (apub.kr)
  • Therefore, we suggest this in vitro assay as an effective method for testing the antiviral activity for a potential repurposed drug against COVID-19 or rapid screening of therapeutic candidates. (apub.kr)
  • To this end, in the present study, we established in vitro methods for plaque and tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID 50 ) assays and real-time quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR to evaluate the antiviral effects of a drug on COVID-19. (apub.kr)
  • This first round of external quality assessment of dengue diagnostics was successfully conducted in national-level public health laboratories in the WHO Western Pacific Region, revealing good proficiency in both molecular and serological testing. (who.int)
  • By using both real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction TaqMan assay and an infectivity plaque assay, we determined that approximately 360 viral genomes were required to generate a PFU. (cdc.gov)
  • We have optimized both a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) TaqMan assay for quantifying the number of viral genomes and a plaque assay for performing titration of the virus infectivity. (cdc.gov)
  • Marine viruses impact global biogeochemical cycles via their influence on host community structure and function, yet our understanding of viral ecology is constrained by limitations in host culturing and a lack of reference genomes and 'universal' gene markers to facilitate community surveys. (peerj.com)
  • The 'VirION' (Viral, long-read metagenomics via MinION sequencing) approach was first validated using mock communities where it was found to be as relatively quantitative as short-read methods and provided significant improvements in recovery of viral genomes. (peerj.com)
  • Nineteen national-level public health laboratories performed routine dengue diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules: one containing commercial serum samples spiked with cultured dengue viruses for the detection of nucleic acid and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (Module A) and one containing human serum samples for the detection of anti-dengue virus antibodies (Module B). A review of logistics arrangements was also conducted. (who.int)
  • The genomic regions with the highest number of mutations are the spike, NSP3, nucleocapsid, NSP12, and ORF3a protein. (bvsalud.org)
  • Together, these findings suggest that VirION provides a high throughput and cost-effective alternative to fosmid and single-virus genomic approaches to more comprehensively explore viral communities in nature. (peerj.com)
  • Here, oh 8 dGTP and DNA polymerase were used in two complementary bacteriophage plaque color assays to examine the mutagenic specificity of oh 8 Gua in vivo. (psu.edu)
  • Upon further investigation, an association between the mutated motif and KLC1 and KLC2 was no longer detected using both immunofluorescence and pull-down assays. (bhdsyndrome.org)
  • To elucidate the possible mechanism of action of honey, plaque inhibition assays were used. (umf.org.nz)
  • Moreover, simulation docking of Cur with the HA structure revealed that Cur binds to the region constituting sialic acid anchoring residues, supporting the results obtained by the inhibition of HA activity assay. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • State of strain collections and viability of viral isolates. (who.int)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hold 451 viral isolates derived from several different national collections. (who.int)
  • The NS5 protein coding regions of African ZIKV isolates were sequenced and aligned with representative flaviviruses sequences from GenBank to design primers and probe from conserved regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The assay was shown to detect 37 ZIKV isolates covering a wide geographic in Africa and Asia over 36 years but none of the 31 other flaviviruses tested showing high analytical specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some partially lysogenic phages give bull's-eye plaques with spots or rings of growth in the middle of clear regions of complete lysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anti influenza Viral Effect of Honey In Vitro: Potent High Activity of Manuka Honey. (umf.org.nz)
  • Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti- influenza viral activity of honey from various sources. (umf.org.nz)
  • However, the ecology and evolution of low pathogenic avian influenza virus in this region are limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This project-based avian influenza surveillance in Qinghai lake region was initiated in year 2012. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The interspecies reassortment of H13 subtype virus among Anseriforme sand Charadriiformes wild birds emphasizes the importance of strengthening avian influenza surveillance in this region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The data of the ecology and distribution of influenza A virus subtype, especially the low pathogenic avian influenza subtypes in the Qinghai Lake region is lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we describe a human monoclonal antibody (PN-SIA49) that recognizes a highly conserved epitope located on the stem region of the HA and able to neutralize a broad spectrum of influenza viruses belonging to different subtypes (H1, H2 and H5). (distantreader.org)
  • In contrast, the stem region of HA, formed mostly by the HA2 subunit, is relatively conserved among different influenza A subtypes [19] and indeed could represent an universal target for the development of cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. (distantreader.org)
  • For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collectively, structure-activity relationship analyses indicate that the presence of the double bonds in the central seven-carbon chain enhanced the Cur -dependent anti-IAV activity and also that Cur might interfere with IAV entry by its interaction with the receptor binding region of viral HA protein. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Chen P et al (2012) Molecular determinants of enterovirus 71 viral entry: cleft around GLN-172 on VP1 protein interacts with variable region on scavenge receptor B2. (virosin.org)
  • Importantly, SPI is an in vivo functional assay, with a fitness readout that is amenable to quantitative analysis of protein variants and perturbation by small molecules. (microbialcell.com)
  • Synthetic Protein Interaction (SPI) technology by Klemm et al allows unbiased identification of toxic viral-eukaryotic protein interactions in yeast. (microbialcell.com)
  • In this work, FMDV 3A homodimerization was evidenced by an in situ protein fluorescent ligation assay. (asm.org)
  • 3. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease, this segment is a peptide able to bind to NS3pro and contact at least one residue comprised in the region Gly21-Lys28 of the N-terminal domain of the NS3pro protein from DV2 or structurally equivalent residues of the NS3pro protein from other Flavivirus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 5. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, where the mentioned segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease contact at least one residue comprised in the region Glu32-Thr38 of the N-terminal domain of the NS3pro protein from HCV or structurally equivalent residues of the NS3pro protein from other Hepacivirus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 6. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease which comprise the region Asp50-Glu62 of the NS2B protein from DV2 or the structurally equivalent segment of the protein NS2B from other Flavivirus, or an amino acid sequence showing a sequence similarity higher of equal to the 80% identity. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 8. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease which comprise the region Thr20-Leu31 of the NS4A protein from HCV or the structurally equivalent segment of the protein NS4A from other Hepacivirus, or an amino acid sequence showing a sequence similarity higher of equal to the 80% identity. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • PRNT assay using circulating wild type DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3 and DENV 4 were done on day 1 and day 85 for a subset of 31 participants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using a combination of structural analyses and functional assays, we identify a molecular sensor within the S1 Ub-binding site of PLpro that serves as a key determinant of substrate specificity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further comprehensive diagnostic testing for dengue virus and other priority pathogens in the Region will be assessed during future rounds. (who.int)
  • Dengue virus is another flavivirus and causes dengue fever which is a rapidly emerging mosquito-borne infectious disease and now endemic in over 128 countries and regions around the world [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Treatment of chronic severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescents from the age of 6 years who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Chronic liver disease (CLD) patients, including those with viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatic disease and schistosomiasis, have an impact on dental practice. (who.int)
  • Dr. Tanner is an Epidemic Intelligence Service officer in the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention in the National Center for [HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention] at the CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction by therapeutic viral vectors in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • Caine EA, Osorio JE (2017) In vivo imaging with bioluminescent enterovirus 71 allows for real-time visualization of tissue tropism and viral spread. (virosin.org)
  • Dissociation of progeny vaccinia virus from the cell membrane is regulated by a viral envelope glycoprotein: effect of a point mutation in the lectin homology domain of the A34R gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Short-read viral metagenomic studies have provided clues to viral function and first estimates of global viral gene abundance and distribution, but their assemblies are confounded by populations with high levels of strain evenness and nucleotide diversity (microdiversity), limiting assembly of some of the most abundant viruses on Earth. (peerj.com)
  • Results CHIK, USUV, ZIKV, and WNV virus were detected in all tested pools using the RT-qPCR assay. (researchsquare.com)
  • To assess the transmissibility, suckling mice were exposed to bites of ZIKV-infected mosquitoes, and ZIKV was detected in brain tissue by RT-qPCR and plaque assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Urban transmission cycles of arboviruses in densely populated tropical regions can result in explosive epidemics and pandemics, although there can also be low levels of transmission only sufficient to maintain the viruses in the population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion Mosquito borne viruses can be reliably detected by RT-qPCR assay in pools of mosquitoes exceeding 1000 specimens. (researchsquare.com)
  • Viable CVA10 viruses were harvested by transfecting the viral mRNA into human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. (virosin.org)
  • Here, we describe the development of new murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive to CSGVs and the engineering of a human-murine chimeric antibody by combining the variable regions of the broadly CSGV cross-reactive murine MAb, 3-3B6/2-3B2 and the constant region of the human IgM. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we described the development of a murine monoclonal antibody cross-reactive to CSGVs engineered to contain the variable regions of the murine antibody on the backbone of human IgM. (cdc.gov)
  • The virus will replicate and spread, generating regions of cell destruction known as plaques. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Counting the number of plaques can be used as a method of virus quantification. (wikipedia.org)
  • The appearance of the plaque depends on the host strain, virus and the conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Assay Viral culture Virus Virus quantification Virology Finter, N. B (1969-10-01). (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also striking to note that, at least in terms of viral RNA, Omicron replicated better in pediatric NECs compared to both Delta and the ancestral virus. (plos.org)
  • Committee on Variola Virus Research is composed of 16 members from all WHO regions. (who.int)
  • In the Western Pacific Region, dengue outbreaks occur yearly in multiple countries, driven by a complex interplay of virus, vector and host biology, climatic and socioeconomic factors as well as international travel and trade. (who.int)
  • specific phosphorylation of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine by herpes simplex virus-infected cells and incorporation into viral dna. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • When the virus reactivates, it becomes clinically evident by the development of herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, and involves the distribution of the sensory nerve, from the trunk and head and neck region 2-6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • So far, only one rRT-PCR assay has been described in the context of the outbreak in Micronesia in 2007. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This result was mirrored in a viral plaque assay using BSC1 cells, which showed that viral spread was significantly reduced after mutation of the WE/WD residues. (bhdsyndrome.org)
  • On pathologic examination, as with all viral encephalitides, there is a widespread degeneration of single nerve cells, with neuronophagia and scattered foci of inflammatory necrosis involving the gray and white matter. (medscape.com)
  • First, PCR-amplified marker genes are limited to a narrow subset of the viral community, and require degeneracies and amplification conditions that undermine the quantitative nature of the data ( Sullivan, 2015 ). (peerj.com)
  • Arboviruses infecting people primarily exist in urban transmission cycles involving urban mosquitoes in densely populated tropical regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High prevalence at computed coronary tomography of non-calcified plaques in asymptomatic HIV patients treated with HAART: a meta-analysis. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Shah noted that the studies analyzed had used different imaging technologies to look at coronary artery plaque, the heart muscle and vascular inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Globally, HCMV represents the first viral cause of birth defect, leading to severe congenital malformations ( Leruez-Ville and Ville, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • CVV has recently emerged as a potential viral pathogen causing severe disease in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • On the right, a T2-weighted magnetic resonance image obtained from a 7-year-old boy with severe La Crosse encephalitis shows focal areas of increased signal intensity in the right temporoparietal and left frontotemporal regions (arrows). (medscape.com)
  • Sixteen of the 18 laboratories using IgM assays in Module B obtained the correct results as did the 13 laboratories that performed IgG assays. (who.int)
  • Problematically, however, viral ecologists lack parallel approaches. (peerj.com)
  • Many showed uniform plaque morphology and grew to high titre in tissue culture. (who.int)
  • the system is designed to identify and type hsv from direct lesion smears (ds) and from cell culture smears (cs) infected with a swab from the patient's lesion by means of an indirect fluorescence assay (ifa) using hsv type-common and hsv-2 type-specific monoclonal antibodies. (liverpool.ac.uk)