AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
RetinoscopyRefractive ErrorsRefraction, OcularMyopiaHyperopiaEyeglassesAccommodation, OcularVision ScreeningAstigmatismMydriaticsCyclopentolateAnisometropiaEyeBiometryVisual AcuitySensory DeprivationVision TestsLensesRetinoscopesAxial Length, EyeEmmetropiaAnterior ChamberCorneaStrabismusAmblyopiaVisually Impaired PersonsVision, LowOptometryVitreous BodyPresbyopiaRefractive Surgical ProceduresVision DisordersEye DiseasesCorneal TopographyPupilSingaporeEsotropiaBlindnessContact LensesMacaca mulattaPrevalenceAberrometryCataractMyopia, DegenerativeKeratomileusis, Laser In SituKeratotomy, RadialLens, CrystallineInterferometryPhotorefractive KeratectomyEast TimorLasers, ExcimerLens Implantation, IntraocularAge DistributionExotropiaBelizeAsian Continental Ancestry GroupSex Distribution
AstigmatismMyopiaAmblyopiaDetermining a patient's refractive errorTypes of refractive errorsStrabismusVisual acuityDynamic retinoscopyPatient's eyesOptometristPresbyopiaAutorefractorNearsightednessAstigmatic refractiveCorrectionHyperopiaCataractVarious refractiveMeasure refractivePrevalenceCorrect refractiveCorneal powerUnderwentChild'sOcularRefraction TestContact lensesPhoropter2020ExaminationHigh accommodativeDoctor shines a lightPerson'sReflexAccommodative EsotropiaAnisometropiaEyeglassGlassesBinocularSubjective refractionCorneaSystemic diseasesRetinopathy of PrematurVisionProcedure is calledExam0.50PupilChildren'sKeratometryRetinoscopeDetermineOutcomesOphthalmoscopeSlit lampTestBilateralStatistically significantAssessDiagnosisFindingsLensesSurgeryExamsOptical
Astigmatism21
Myopia11
Amblyopia11
  • Some have been proposed as suitable instruments for use in screening programs, to detect children with or at risk for amblyopia or strabismus associated with high refractive errors. (arvojournals.org)
  • Also, if a child's refractive errors are not addressed timely, amblyopia (lazy eye) might develop. (eyecraftersny.com)
  • Amblyopia can occur in untreated patients, which is decreased vision due to a failure of normal neural development of the eye not in normal alignment. (medscape.com)
  • To review the evidence on screening for and treatment of amblyopia, its risk factors, and refractive error in children aged 6 months to 5 years to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • Positive likelihood ratios were between 5 and 10 for amblyopia risk factors or nonamblyogenic refractive error in most studies of test accuracy and were greater than 10 in most studies evaluating combinations of clinical tests. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • The most common causes of vision problems in children are amblyopia (a neurodevelopmental disorder that arises from abnormal processing of visual images that leads to a functional reduction of visual acuity) and its associated risk factors ( Table 1 ), nonamblyopic strabismus and nonamblyopic refractive error. (uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org)
  • A pediatric optometrist can rest easy knowing she is working to change children's lives by correcting their refractive errors, combating amblyopia and even diagnosing early cases of disease such as retinoblastoma-getting a jump on not only saving the eye but, potentially, a child's life. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Optometrists know that vision screenings are not enough to fully reveal undetected vision problems such as amblyopia, latent refractive error, systemic diseases and learning disorders, many of which vision therapy can help remedy. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • She had bilateral refractive amblyopia and was best corrected to 20/40 OU. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Ocular processes (eg, refractive error, strabismus, cataract) that interfere with or inhibit the development of the visual pathways may result in amblyopia [ 1,2 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • See "Refractive errors in children" and "Amblyopia in children: Classification, screening, and evaluation", section on 'Definition' and "Evaluation and management of strabismus in children", section on 'Complications' and "Cataract in children", section on 'Complications' . (medilib.ir)
Determining a patient's refractive error1
Types of refractive errors1
Strabismus2
  • This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of strabismus and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition. (nih.gov)
  • Retinoscopy is a very helpful examination method for strabismus. (seeaugenpraxis.ch)
Visual acuity9
  • These methods include visual acuity tests and retinoscopy exams. (orangevilleoptometrists.ca)
  • The patient is asked to read letters on a chart positioned 20 feet away during a visual acuity test, which is the most commonly known procedure for optometrists. (orangevilleoptometrists.ca)
  • Clinical signs include: patient accepts more minus on accommodative rock but blurs with plus lenses, lower NRA than PRA, dynamic retinoscopy findings indication of over accommodation and/or slow relaxation of accommodation, and reduced or erratic distance visual acuity. (retinalaser.com)
  • The manifest refraction of each patient using the retinoscopy technique for best-corrected visual acuity was retrieved from the clinical record. (paojournal.com)
  • A visual acuity assessment test is when a patient is asked to read letters off a chart placed at a specific distance across the room. (ezcontacts.com)
  • Visual acuity testing can even be performed on non-verbal patients by using preferential looking tools. (beyond2020optometry.ca)
  • Six patients (27%) had abnormal VEPs despite normal visual acuity. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: Twenty-one Congolese konzo patients underwent neuro-ophthalmological investigations including visual acuity testing, assessment of light pupillary reflexes, evaluation of ocular motility and deviation, direct ophthalmoscopy, and visual field perimetry. (bvsalud.org)
  • When the patient complains of glare, visual acuity should be tested in a brightly lit room. (medscape.com)
Dynamic retinoscopy2
Patient's eyes1
  • Retinoscopy (Ret) is a technique to obtain an objective measurement of the refractive error of a patient's eyes. (wikipedia.org)
Optometrist7
  • The instrument measures the objective refraction of light rays reflected and the measure of deviation or refraction enables the optometrist to determine the presence of any sort of refractive error. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • The highest level of care occurs when the optometrist takes responsibility for total vision care of the patient. (berkeley.edu)
  • Children diagnosed having uncorrected refractive errors with Snellen chart and auto-refractokeratometer underwent complete retinoscopy by an optometrist. (asjoalshifaeye.org)
  • Their effectiveness is well characterized, and an optometrist performing a subjective refraction frequently uses one to estimate errors before refinement. (arvojournals.org)
  • If the retinoscopy reflex was not stable, the optometrist waited another 10 minutes, or until it was stable. (arvojournals.org)
  • Compassionate Care - It's important that your child's optometrist is patient, understanding, and has a good reasonable manner. (glimpsevision.com)
  • Sometimes the optometrist may decide that the normal refraction is insufficient or inaccurate due to error. (altris.ai)
Presbyopia1
  • Сycloplegic refraction exam is especially useful for children, patients with pre-presbyopia, and LASIK patients. (altris.ai)
Autorefractor6
  • It is an indispensable test for pediatric patients, and is helpful in non- or preverbal patients or when an autorefractor is unavailable. (aao.org)
  • An autorefractor is similar to retinoscopy, which electronically analyses the light reflex from the patient's eye. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
  • An autorefractor test is a type of eye examination used to determine the refractive status of the eye (eye's refractive status) and provide a precise prescription for glasses or contact lenses. (latamoptical.com)
  • Overall, autorefractor tests provide tremendous benefits for both patients and healthcare providers alike due to their accuracy and ability to detect subtle changes in a patient's eyesight quickly and effectively. (latamoptical.com)
  • To get a rough estimate of your eyeglass prescription, use retinoscopy, an autorefractor, or an aberrometer. (whitneyeyecare.com)
  • Retinoscopy, autorefractor or aberrometer to approximate your eyeglass prescription. (ophc.com)
Nearsightedness2
  • Refractive error includes nearsightedness, farsightedness and. (abcshealth2success.com)
  • During refraction, the patient may unconsciously focus, affecting the test result and showing nearsightedness or farsightedness. (altris.ai)
Astigmatic refractive2
  • The readings underestimated the amount of hypermetropic or astigmatic refractive error found on retinoscopy by an amount proportional to the magnitude of the refractive error. (arvojournals.org)
  • With the advent of laser techniques, lots of devices were developed to correct the astigmatic refractive errors. (nature.com)
Correction9
  • Then the patients who had 6/12 vision in any eye with best possible correction and whose vision is did not improve by pin hole were selected. (asjoalshifaeye.org)
  • Having refractive error may mean you need some form of correction, such as glasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery, to see as clearly as possible. (prismeyeinstitute.com)
  • Later the subjects were submitted to objective assessment for correction of refractive errors and prescribed spectacles with motivation to use it. (biomedjournal.com)
  • There is still controversy about the effec- correction of the refractive error, the con- tiveness of contrast sensitivity as a screen- trast sensitivity was evaluated with a Cam- ing tool for diabetic retinopathy [12-17]. (who.int)
  • In esotropia with high AC/A ratio, patients have an excessive convergence response to accommodation while wearing their full cycloplegic correction. (medscape.com)
  • Consecutive esotropia with high AC/A ratio has also been identified in patients after surgical correction for intermittent exotropia. (medscape.com)
  • Most patients should have full correction of their refractive error. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with accommodative esotropia with high AC/A commonly have resolution of esotropia at distance with full hyperopic correction, with residual esotropia at near. (medscape.com)
  • But, the 20-20-20 rule can be advised with glasses correction to the patients (9). (optography.org)
Hyperopia3
Cataract4
  • This is a retrospective study involving 1,332 eyes of 666 consecutive patients who underwent refractive or cataract screening and optical biometry (IOL Master, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) measurements from March to October 2008. (paojournal.com)
  • They also detected cataract and other conditions, and referred patients to hospitals run by the government or by non-governmental organisations. (cehjournal.org)
  • Corneal topography is an integral diagnostic tool in the arsenal of corneal, cataract, and refractive surgeons. (seeaugenpraxis.ch)
  • A patient with senile cataract often presents with a history of gradual progressive visual deterioration and disturbance in night and near vision. (medscape.com)
Various refractive1
  • When the various refractive error tests give results very different from each other, it can be quite confusing. (myopiaprofile.com)
Measure refractive2
Prevalence3
Correct refractive2
Corneal power2
  • We, therefore, determined the frequency of refractive errors in an ambulatory-care center and assessed the refractive status of patients using axial length measurements by optical interferometry2 and corneal power by automated keratometry. (paojournal.com)
  • The refractive condition of the eye regards as refractive components (corneal power, lens power, anterior chamber depth, and axial length) which are interdependent rather than independent variables. (fortunepublish.com)
Underwent4
  • All children then underwent retinoscopy with cycloplegia by an examiner who was unaware of the results from the PR2000 examination. (arvojournals.org)
  • We included 53 congenital ptosis patients who underwent frontalis suspension surgery in Hunan Children's Hospital. (researchsquare.com)
  • We prospectively examined the medical records of all patients, younger than 2 years, who underwent frontalis suspension surgery with PTFE to address a severe unilateral congenital ptosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • We undertook a longitudinal study to investigate the change in the refractive errors in 62 eyes of infants who attained threshold disease and underwent either cryotherapy or laser treatment. (bmj.com)
Child's2
  • This can be obtained by the patient viewing a distance target or by the use of cycloplegic drugs (where, for example, a child's lack of reliable fixation of the target can lead to fluctuations in accommodation and thus the results obtained). (wikipedia.org)
  • Early diagnosis of refractive errors is particularly essential for children, because a child's academic progress can be affected by poor vision. (eyecraftersny.com)
Ocular4
  • It can be due to refractive error, binocular fusion abnormalities, or neuromuscular anomalies of ocular movements. (nih.gov)
  • Patients with learning disabilities may have additional ocular conditions and other health problems. (college-optometrists.org)
  • Breaks can reduce ocular strain caused by continuous near-work but they can correct the refractive error of the eye. (optography.org)
  • This patient also has punctate epithelial erosions (PEE) that stain positively with fluorescein, another sign of dry ocular surface. (seeaugenpraxis.ch)
Refraction Test2
Contact lenses3
Phoropter3
  • An instrument called a phoropter is something most patients associate with an eye exam. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
  • The phoropter also determines which, out of the hundreds and hundreds of potential eyeglass prescriptions, will help the patient see as clear as possible. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
  • Using the phoropter, the doctor will ask the patient which series of lenses makes their vision the clearest. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
20203
  • En Algérie, le premier cas a été identifié le 25 février 2020, un plan de riposte national élaboré par le ministère de la santé a été mis en place pour affronter l'épidémie. (bvsalud.org)
  • L'objectif de notre travail consiste à décrire le profil épidémiologique des patients consultants et des cas incidents Covid-19 au niveau de l'unité de triage EHUO depuis le début de l'épidémie au 07 Aout 2020. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: We studied 22 eyes (12 patients) divided into 12 treated and 10 untreated eyes from January 2017 to January 2020. (bvsalud.org)
Examination5
  • If possible, in advance of the appointment, you should discuss with the patient and their relative or carer what adjustments may be needed to help them understand information and participate in the examination. (college-optometrists.org)
  • The majority of optometric patients require only a visual examination with education and eyewear. (berkeley.edu)
  • The template for the primary care examination is detailed enough to fit the documentation needs of patients examined in not only the Primary Care Clinic, but many specialty clinics. (berkeley.edu)
  • Since the template for the primary care examination EHR is designed for a broad range of clinical situations, not all parts may need to be used for every patient encounter. (berkeley.edu)
  • Automated refractors have become commonplace tools for the examination of adult patients. (arvojournals.org)
High accommodative2
  • It is caused by either uncorrected hyperopic refractive error and/or a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio. (retinalaser.com)
  • We can see this in the varying refractive error results and the high accommodative lag. (myopiaprofile.com)
Doctor shines a light2
  • In this procedure, the doctor shines a light into your eye and measures the refractive error by evaluating the movement of the light reflected by your retina back through your pupil. (prismeyeinstitute.com)
  • Retinoscopy is when an eye doctor shines a light into the eye while placing a series of lenses in front of the eye. (ezcontacts.com)
Person's2
  • Depending on the person's refractive error, when the practitioner moves the retinoscope, the ret reflex moves in a certain way inside the pupil. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Optometrists use several methods to determine if there is a refractive error of a person's eyes. (orangevilleoptometrists.ca)
Reflex3
  • Neutrality is the goal of retinoscopy, which occurs when the reflex is neutral: there is no with or against motion, and the reflex appears bright and full through the entire pupil. (aao.org)
  • Trial lenses are used to measure the amount of movement that a ret reflex has so that the refractive error can be estimated accurately. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Reduces patient dazzle without affecting the fundus reflex. (vitcom-medical.com)
Accommodative Esotropia2
  • High AC/A ratio accommodative esotropia is also called non-refractive accommodative esotropia. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with nonrefractive accommodative esotropia have a high AC/A ratio, which results in a deviation measured at near as generally 10 prism diopters or greater than that at distance. (medscape.com)
Anisometropia2
  • Anisometropia: The condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive power. (diseasesdic.com)
  • Medical experts still don't know the factors that cause anisometropia, but a large difference in the refractive powers in both eyes is definitely a contributing factor. (diseasesdic.com)
Eyeglass1
  • While retinoscopy is quite effective for children and nonverbal patients, there are now a number of computerized or automated instruments available today to help doctors accurately determine a patient's eyeglass prescription. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
Glasses3
  • Retinoscopy is used to find the refractive error in children, developmentally delayed adults, or in those who are unable to cooperate with other ways to check for glasses. (aapos.org)
  • The 20-20-20 rule cannot fulfill the shoes for refractive glasses. (optography.org)
  • Glasses prescriptions can also be determined on non-verbal patients with the use of retinoscopy. (beyond2020optometry.ca)
Binocular1
  • Binocular Vision testing results with patient wearing RE +0.25DS LE -2.50DS (similar to subjective refraction results) were reported as follows. (myopiaprofile.com)
Subjective refraction7
  • citation needed] Retinoscopy is particularly useful in prescribing corrective lenses for patients who are unable to undergo a subjective refraction that requires a judgement and response from the patient (such as children or those with severe intellectual disabilities or communication problems). (wikipedia.org)
  • Auto-refraction and subjective refraction are other techniques used to determine refractive error. (aapos.org)
  • Subjective refraction is can be used to fine tune retinoscopy or auto-refraction measurements. (aapos.org)
  • Subjective refraction needs the patient to give feedback by telling the examiner which lens gives the clearest vision. (aapos.org)
  • This technique is especially useful in cases where a patient cannot undergo subjective refraction as they are unable to judge or respond. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • If instead, they ask the patient questions about how she or he sees is called subjective refraction. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Refractive error was determined after complete objective and subjective refraction. (asjoalshifaeye.org)
Cornea2
  • During the early years in life the eye grows in such a way that the refractive state tends towards emmetropia [1, 2].The human eye refractive status is reliant on the balance of change in overall eye size and refractive components, that is to say, the cornea and crystalline lens [3]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • When there is a refractive error, the cornea is shaped more like a football and the light entering is not refracted properly. (ezcontacts.com)
Systemic diseases1
  • Between January of 2016 and December of 2017, we recruited 53 Chinese patients with severe unilateral congenital ptosis, and excluded those presenting with ptosis secondary to systemic diseases or other eyelid diseases. (researchsquare.com)
Retinopathy of Prematur1
  • BACKGROUND Infants who require treatment for threshold retinopathy of prematurity are at increased risk of developing refractive errors. (bmj.com)
Vision14
  • For example, a patient that has 20/40 vision, can only see at 20 feet what the normal person can see from a distance of 40 feet. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
  • Those who don't have 20/20 vision have what is referred to in most cases as a "Refractive Error. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
  • 39%), and that "reversing or treating these refractive errors greatly decreased the number of subjects with visual disability".1 Awareness of the frequency of refractive errors is, therefore, a crucial step in the Vision 2020's goal of eliminating refractive-error-related visual disability. (paojournal.com)
  • Refractive errors are a common eye condition that occurs when the eye's shape prevents light from focusing directly on the back of the eye, resulting in blurry vision among other symptoms. (eyecraftersny.com)
  • When standard eye charts cannot be used for younger children, their vision may need to be assessed by a retinoscopy - an exam that observes the reflection of light off the retina. (eyecraftersny.com)
  • Refractive errors are among the most common vision issues, and you may be at higher risk if you have family members diagnosed with one. (eyecraftersny.com)
  • Assessment of your refractive error or refraction helps your doctor determine a lens prescription that will give you the sharpest, most comfortable vision. (prismeyeinstitute.com)
  • Objective assessment is done by retinoscopy under mydriasis to achieve best corrected vision. (biomedjournal.com)
  • Refractive errors are vision problems that happen when the shape of the eye keeps you from focusing well. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An optimal value of 20/20 is considered ideal vision, while a deviation means a refractive error. (altris.ai)
  • Un dépistage de masse permettrait d'avoir une vision plus claire sur le nombre réel de patients atteints. (bvsalud.org)
  • An ophthalmologist from the base hospital visited the vision centres once a month to attend to the referral patients and support the VTs and CHWs in various activities such as refining clinical skills, meeting local community etc. (cehjournal.org)
  • A retinoscopy can be especially good for young children or people with special needs who might have problems accurately describing "what's wrong" with their vision. (clearvisionassociates.com)
  • Eye problems that are not detected and treated in the first few months (eg, cataracts, pronounced ptosis) or years (asymmetric refractive errors) of life can lead to irreversible vision loss [ 1,2 ]. (medilib.ir)
Procedure is called1
Exam3
  • One of the most important parts in a comprehensive eye exam is your patient health history. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
  • This exam automates the estimation of refraction and determines its error. (altris.ai)
  • After every pediatric exam, I tell my young patients that I saw their brain and that their brain is very smart. (reviewofoptometry.com)
0.501
  • The median spherical equivalent refractive error in the right eye at 12 months was -5.25 dioptres following cryotherapy and -0.50 dioptres after laser (similar results left eye). (bmj.com)
Pupil1
  • the aim is for the upper border of the bifocal lens to bisect the pupil so patients will be more likely to use the increased plus lens at near. (medscape.com)
Children's1
Keratometry1
  • Objective refraction including retinoscopy and keratometry, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were also done. (bvsalud.org)
Retinoscope5
Determine4
  • What other techniques can be used to determine the refractive error of a child? (aapos.org)
  • Optometric service does not simply end with the writing of a prescription for eyewear but total optometric service involves translation of the prescription into spectacles, initial adjustment of the eyewear, discussion of how it will be worn, the progress evaluation to determine if the eyewear is having the desired effect and if the patient is adapting properly and any subsequent needs of the patient. (berkeley.edu)
  • In one study conducted in 2015, autorefractors were able to determine refractive errors within 0.2 diopters of the accepted standard and even exceeded human error standards in certain cases. (latamoptical.com)
  • This is an alternative method to determine the refractive error. (seeaugenpraxis.ch)
Outcomes1
  • Collaborate with an interprofessional team on strategies for improving care coordination and communication to improve outcomes for affected patients. (nih.gov)
Ophthalmoscope1
  • The BETA 200 S Ophthalmoscope accommodates higher refractive errors with a 28 single lenses Rekoss Disc and features a 74 single step design on a non-continuous wheel avoiding extreme diopter jumps. (vitcom-medical.com)
Slit lamp1
  • A slit lamp consists of a microscope, light source, and frame on which a patient lies their head. (altris.ai)
Test9
  • The test mode randomizes patients with a variety of refractive errors. (aao.org)
  • The test can be quick, easy, reliably accurate and needs little cooperation from the patient. (aapos.org)
  • Typically, this method is used to diagnose and treat patients with refractive errors, so it's not a test conducted on every patient, however it is still somewhat common, so be prepared for it during your eye exams. (orangevilleoptometrists.ca)
  • Clinical signs include: normal amplitude of accommodation, decreased PRA, and the patient generally fails the +/-2.00 D flipper test. (retinalaser.com)
  • In this test the patient is seated at a standard distance and is asked to read letters or symbols of various sizes, which get smaller as you move down the chart. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
  • Retinoscopy is a test that allows the doctor to obtain an approximate prescription for eyeglasses. (snydervitellieyecare.com)
  • Patients can access their healthcare information in one convenient spot, and reach out to their providers, schedule appointments, view test results, and manage the healthcare needs of their families. (midwestern.edu)
  • This makes these devices much more reliable than other technologies used to test refractive errors such as corneal topography or retinoscopy. (latamoptical.com)
  • Children or others who cannot respond to questions can have their refractive error measured by a test using reflected light called retinoscopy. (arleoeye.com)
Bilateral2
  • In this comparative interventional case series, 50 eyes from 25 patients with bilateral diabetic macular edema were selected and randomly allocated to either intravitreal diclofenac or bevacizumab with exclusion and inclusion criteria devised for the study participants. (asjoalshifaeye.org)
  • However, the "worst of times" include dealing with patients who scream and cry when simple drops are administered (something adult-oriented optometrists rarely encounter), negotiating undisciplined children (and parents) and, most seriously, discovering diagnoses with troubling implications such as bilateral retinal hemorrhages, which are often secondary to child abuse. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Statistically significant1
  • There was a statistically significant decrease of amplitude in konzo patients compared to normal subjects (p (bvsalud.org)
Assess1
  • This was a prospective study being carried out on a subject sample size of 150 women, in the age group of 15-60 years divided into 3 groups to assess refractive status in different phases of female life. (biomedjournal.com)
Diagnosis1
  • See "Retinoblastoma: Clinical presentation, evaluation, and diagnosis" and "Inborn errors of metabolism: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features" . (medilib.ir)
Findings1
  • Here is a summary of this patient's refractive findings, as provided by the managing practitioner. (myopiaprofile.com)
Lenses2
  • The examiner keeps changing the lenses until reaching a lens power that shows the refractive error of the patient. (aapos.org)
  • Lightweight frames are especially vital for pediatric patients, as standard polycarbonate lenses that are +4.00 or greater are thick and heavy on the bridges of tiny noses. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Surgery2
  • What Is Refractive Surgery? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Correctional surgery is typically recommended for patients older than 3 years, to ensure adequate development of levator and frontalis muscle function, patient cooperation, and decreased anesthetic risks. (researchsquare.com)
Exams2
  • Talk with your eye doctor during routine exams to evaluate your risk for developing a refractive error and to discuss any next steps. (eyecraftersny.com)
  • Another advantage is that families can come in together and have their examinations at the same time, therefore grouping the exams closer and adding more patients per day. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Optical1
  • Patients who could not physically undergo optical biometry or manifest refraction were excluded. (paojournal.com)