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SalinitySodium ChlorideSalt-ToleranceSalt-Tolerant PlantsSeawaterGillsFresh WaterAtriplexChenopodiaceaeWater-Electrolyte BalanceBrachyuraEstuariesSaltsAcclimatizationStress, PhysiologicalPlant RootsTilapiaOsmotic PressureAdaptation, PhysiologicalWater MicrobiologyFundulidaeOsmoregulationBivalviaOsmolar ConcentrationEcosystemPlant ShootsBaysGene Expression Regulation, PlantWaterHepatopancreasDroughtsMesembryanthemumRiversHemolymphSkates (Fish)WetlandsRhizophoraceaeAmaranthaceaePlant LeavesSoilTemperaturePlants, Genetically ModifiedGerminationPhylogenyPlant ProteinsBetaineOceans and SeasGeologic SedimentsBaltic StatesAbscisic AcidSeedlingOsmosisOstreidaeCopepodaAvicenniaPhotosynthesisAmino Acids, DiaminoHydroponicsBiomassRNA, Ribosomal, 16SChromohalobacterOryza sativaLakesArabidopsisCrassostreaPlanktonAquacultureSodiumMolecular Sequence DataOchlerotatusVibrioSalt GlandPlant TranspirationLarvaOleaceaeSaline Solution, HypertonicOceanographyEnvironmentKillifishes
SeawaterAverage salinity of the oceanTemperatureSaltsWaterFreshwater and saltwaterSaltConcentrationsCommonly referredWater'sOsmosisGradientsDecreasesSaltwaterToleranceParts per thouAdaptSoilCoastal areasSurviveEnvironmentsCharacteristicIncreasingSerumPlantsVariesOceanSometimes referredSurfaceSevereIrrigationInfluencesAreasAmountHttpsPhysical
Seawater12
Average salinity of the ocean1
Temperature22
  • The temperature derived from the Planck function is referred to as the brightness temperature (which see, for derivation). (wikipedia.org)
  • The emissivity of sea water has been modeled as a function of its temperature, salinity, and radiant energy frequency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several models have been proposed to estimate the dielectric constant of sea water given its salinity and temperature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Figure 1 shows an example of the brightness temperature curves associated with sea surface salinity, as a function of sea surface temperature. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vertical component of the brightness temperature shows a greater spread in constant salinity curves than the horizontal component. (wikipedia.org)
  • This implies a greater sensitivity to salinity in the vertical component of brightness temperature than in the horizontal. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are many sources of error associated with measurements of sea surface salinity: Radiometer Antenna System pointing Roughness (of sea surface) Solar Galactic Rain (total liquid water) Ionosphere Atmosphere(other) Sea surface temperature Antenna gain near land and ice Model function Most of the error sources on the previous list stem from either standard instrument errors (Antenna, System Pointing, etc.) or noise from external sources measurement signal (Solar, Galactic, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of its most important properties is water density , which is affected by factors such as temperature and salinity . (amazingconverter.com)
  • The most significant ones are temperature, salinity, and pressure. (amazingconverter.com)
  • However, the effect of pressure on water density is relatively small compared to the impact of temperature and salinity. (amazingconverter.com)
  • The differences in water density due to variations in temperature and salinity create layers in the ocean, driving currents and affecting nutrient availability for marine organisms. (amazingconverter.com)
  • By understanding how factors like temperature, salinity, and pressure affect water density, researchers and professionals in fields such as oceanography, engineering, meteorology, climatology, and environmental science can make informed decisions and predictions. (amazingconverter.com)
  • The study of salinity is important in oceanography, as is the study of temperature, to enable scientists to understand the movements of different water masses and thus understand the evolution of the ocean. (oceansconnectes.org)
  • TS diagram showing the relationship between temperature (t), salinity (S), and density (the last three digits of the density can be read on the σ t line). (periodni.com)
  • The oceanic conveyor belt, a global network of deep-ocean currents, is driven by variations in water temperature and salinity - hence the name thermohaline, with "thermo" referring to temperature and "haline" to salt content. (d1meba.org)
  • Because density is a function of temperature and salinity, the pycnocline is a function of the thermocline and halocline. (dusasha.com)
  • A niche refers to the set of environmental conditions (such as temperature and salinity) in which a species lives. (oceanbites.org)
  • To get year-round measurements, scientists in this study used data collected automatically from permanent structures called moorings, which collect continuous information about temperature, salinity and chlorophyll concentrations. (oceanbites.org)
  • This global data product produced by the Ishii Ocean Analyses Projectis based on salinity and temperature data from the World Ocean Database and the Atlas as well as data from the Global Temperature-Salinity in the tropical Pacific data base by IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement, France), sea surface temperature data from Centennial in situ Observation Based Estimates (COBE) and data from ARGO profiling buoys. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • The aggregated data base is objectively analysed and forms a time series of monthly temperature and salinity fields on 24 depth levels of the global ocean. (uni-hamburg.de)
  • Further information can be found on the CISL RDA website: Subsurface Temperature And Salinity Analyse (see references ). (uni-hamburg.de)
  • Ishii, M., M. Kimoto, K. Sakamoto, and S.I. Iwasaki, 2006: Steric sea level changes estimated from historical ocean subsurface temperature and salinity analyses. (uni-hamburg.de)
Salts6
  • Scientists use conductivity meters (see Fig. 3-22) to determine the salinity content of sea water (remember that salinity refers to the amount of dissolved salts in a solution). (hawaii.edu)
  • Soil salinity refers to the presence of dissolved salts within the soil profile and water table. (sa.gov.au)
  • Salinity refers to the concentration of dissolved salts in water. (amazingconverter.com)
  • These ions are commonly referred to as inorganic salts . (texas.gov)
  • The concentration of these salts or salinity can differ from one watershed to another depending upon the parent rock of the drainage basin. (texas.gov)
  • The limitation in the quality of water sources for irrigation in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil is increasingly present, so it is necessary to use water with high concentrations of salts for agricultural production, which makes the use of elicitors essential to mitigate the harmful effects of salinity on plants. (bvsalud.org)
Water29
  • The depth of the water column that a satellite surface salinity measurement is sensitive to depends on the frequency (or wavelength) of the radiance that is being measured. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brackish - when salt water mixes with river water creating more salinity in freshwater. (carolinaoutfitters.com)
  • Salinity - refers to how much salt is mixed in water when the river and the sea meet. (carolinaoutfitters.com)
  • The term salinity refers to the amount of salt in the water. (oceansconnectes.org)
  • Stagnant water refers to water that has become motionless and accumulates in a particular area over time. (atastefulgarden.com)
  • Salinity of ocean water refers to the amount of dissolved solids in the ocean water. (ktbssolutions.com)
  • Specific conductance is often used as a way to indirectly measure the salinity of water. (texas.gov)
  • The salinity of brackish water can vary depending on the location and environmental factors. (aquabestuae.com)
  • In this article, we will explore the concept of brackish water salinity, its significance in the brackish water ecosystem, and its impact on marine life. (aquabestuae.com)
  • Brackish water is a mixture of freshwater and saltwater, creating an environment with intermediate salinity levels. (aquabestuae.com)
  • The salinity levels in brackish water have a significant impact on marine life. (aquabestuae.com)
  • Some marine species, such as euryhaline species, can tolerate a wide range of salinity levels, allowing them to thrive in brackish water. (aquabestuae.com)
  • In brackish water environments, marine organisms must constantly regulate their internal salt concentrations to adapt to the changing salinity levels. (aquabestuae.com)
  • For example, when exposed to lower salinity levels, marine organisms may excrete excess water and retain more salt to prevent dehydration. (aquabestuae.com)
  • Conversely, in higher salinity conditions, they may conserve water and excrete excess salt to avoid dehydration and maintain proper cellular function. (aquabestuae.com)
  • Brackish water salinity also poses challenges in freshwater supply, especially in areas where freshwater sources are limited. (aquabestuae.com)
  • Brackish water salinity is a fascinating aspect of the aquatic world. (aquabestuae.com)
  • Understanding the impact of brackish water salinity on marine organisms and the processes of osmoregulation and desalination helps us appreciate the delicate balance of ecosystems and address water resource challenges. (aquabestuae.com)
  • Depending on specific features and functions, GAO Tek's water conductivity sensors are sometimes referred to as Water Quality Monitors, Conductivity Meters, Salinity Sensors, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) Testers, EC (Electrical Conductivity) Probes, Ions and Minerals Detectors, Aquatic Environment Analyzers, Pool and Spa Water Analysis Devices, and Smart Water Conductivity Sensors. (gaotek.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil and water salinity on dietary behavior and health risk in the coastal people of Bangladesh. (iwaponline.com)
  • A significantly higher amount of salinity (NaCl) level was found in radish, potato, bean, bitter gourd, rice, shallow tube-well, and pond water from Patuakhali than Khulna. (iwaponline.com)
  • The process begins in the polar regions: as the water cools and freezes into ice, salt is left behind, increasing the salinity and density of the surrounding water. (d1meba.org)
  • This melting not only reduces salinity and therefore the water's density but also adds a layer of fresh water that can act as a barrier, preventing the sinking mechanism that drives the conveyor. (d1meba.org)
  • The two creeks were located within 5 km of one another, were surrounded by similar salt marsh plant communities and had similar salinity gradients .The Ipswich creek received input from a sewage effluent located near the head of the creek and the reference creek received input water from a local reservoir. (brown.edu)
  • The addition of NaNO 2 , an exogenous sensitizer producing hydroxyl radicals, did not significantly change the decay rate of B. ovatus in both low and high salinity water, while the exogenous sensitizer algae organic matter (AOM) slowed down the decay of B. ovatus in low salinity water. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II were inhibited by increasing water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1 in plants grown under phosphorus doses above 60% of the recommendation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1 reduced chlorophyll b contents, initial, maximum, and variable fluorescence of mini watermelon plants, with a decrease of 11.86, 4.51, 4.53, and 4.54% per unit increment of ECw, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Water salinity of 3.2 dS m-1 reduces the growth and production components of guava plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Increasing water demands of the communities on Vieques and the increased salinity of these water supplies (because of salt water intrusion) mandated the need for a better water supply for residents of Vieques. (cdc.gov)
Freshwater and saltwater2
  • Its intermediate salinity levels create a unique habitat for diverse marine life and serve as important transition zones between freshwater and saltwater environments. (aquabestuae.com)
  • which is the salinity differences of freshwater and saltwater meeting in a confined space). (davehuer.com)
Salt2
  • Due to naturally occurring processes, saltwater and freshwater are salt solutions with different salt concentrations, meaning that salinity gradient power can be generated from readily available renewable sources. (comsol.com)
  • Bertini takes a deeper dive into the global issue of desertification with Salt Creep Telling Stories, with a title that refers to the negative impact of increased salinity on biodiversity. (arthousegallery.com.au)
Concentrations1
  • A completely randomized split-plot design was used, with the plot referring to four levels of salinity in the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1 control, 3.2, 4.3, and 5.4 dS m-1) and the sub-plot four concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mM), applied via foliar spray, with six replications. (bvsalud.org)
Commonly referred2
  • Additional chemicals that we use to maintain proper chemical balance for bathers include: sodium bicarbonate, soda ash, calcium chloride, sodium bisulfate, muriatic acid, and monopersulfate (commonly referred to as MPS). (mcmenamins.com)
  • Botulism events are usually associated with vegetables conserved using a capping device that hermetically seals the lid covering the jar, commonly referred to as a modern method of canning. (cdc.gov)
Water's1
  • The radiative properties of the ocean surface are exploited in order to estimate the salinity of the water's surface layer. (wikipedia.org)
Osmosis1
  • Salinity gradient power , also called osmotic power , refers to energy extracted through osmosis. (comsol.com)
Gradients1
Decreases2
  • Some productive experiments have been carried out and indicated that Scylla paramamosain can survive and grow normally through the salinity gradually decreases. (hindawi.com)
  • By increasing salinity the freezing point decreases while the boiling point of the sea increases. (periodni.com)
Saltwater2
  • In the context of a saltwater aquarium, salinity is an important factor to monitor and maintain, as it affects the health and well-being of the marine inhabitants. (homeaquarist.com)
  • The salinity level of a saltwater aquarium is typically measured in parts per thousand (ppt), and a range of 32 to 35 ppt is considered ideal for most marine fish and invertebrates. (homeaquarist.com)
Tolerance1
  • Previous studies have shown that the salinity tolerance ranges from 40‰ to 0 [ 4 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Parts per thou1
  • By combining propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection, the decay rates of B. ovatus were determined in the presence and absence of exogenous photosensitizers and in salinity up to 39.5 parts per thousand at 27°C. (biomedcentral.com)
Adapt1
  • Different species of marine organisms have varying tolerances to salinity, and the ability to adapt to changes in salinity is crucial for their survival. (aquabestuae.com)
Soil2
  • Increasing soil salinity directly affects the chemical nature of the soil, subsequently affecting the biological function and physical structure. (sa.gov.au)
  • For more information refer to the below links for reports and fact sheets on soil salinity. (sa.gov.au)
Coastal areas2
Survive1
  • Others, such as stenohaline species, are more sensitive to changes in salinity and require specific levels to survive. (aquabestuae.com)
Environments1
  • Moderate industrial environments refer to atmosphere with medium pollution from industry. (tower-tr.shop)
Characteristic1
  • A characteristic that refers to the time at which a given data set was acquired. (nasa.gov)
Increasing1
  • Increasing salinity has become a vital issue for the people living in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. (iwaponline.com)
Serum1
  • Although S. paramamosain is a euryhaline species [ 16 , 17 ], significant changes occur in immune-related enzyme activity under the stress of salinity, prolonged stress time, serum PO level, and SOD in muscles and the hepatopancreas, which affect its immunity [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Plants1
  • The stomatal conductance, transpiration, stem diameter, main branch length, leaf dry mass, and stem dry mass of 'Gaúcho' melon plants decrease with the increase in salinity of the nutrient solution. (bvsalud.org)
Varies1
Ocean3
  • As with many passive remote sensing satellite products, satellites measure surface salinity by initially taking radiance measurements emitted by the earth's atmosphere and ocean. (wikipedia.org)
  • The polar regions are also areas of low salinity, due to the seasonal melting of ice in the Arctic Ocean. (oceansconnectes.org)
  • Global map of ocean salinity based on data collected at sea. (oceansconnectes.org)
Sometimes referred1
  • Harmful algal blooms (HABs) that result from the rapid growth of algae or cyanobacteria (sometimes referred to as blue-green algae) in natural waterbodies can harm people, animals, or the environment . (cdc.gov)
Surface2
Severe2
  • For Yacht and Cruise, the activity space refers to severe sunshine, high humidity, harshly salinity etc. (mintins.com)
  • The salinity analysis is very poorly determined because of its severe data sparseness. (uni-hamburg.de)
Irrigation1
  • However, they encountered problems with lands and soils that were sometimes found to be unsuitable for irrigation and crop production, often due to salinity, sodicity, and drainage problems. (arizona.edu)
Influences1
  • Salinity is a key abiotic parameter that influences the distribution, abundance, physiology, and health of crustaceans [ 12 - 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Areas2
  • Although S. paramamosain has strong osmoregulatory capacity and can almost be cultured in freshwater aquaculture in some areas of China (such as Shanghai and Guangzhou), it is still extremely sensitive to sudden reductions in salinity, especially sharp falls (10‰ based on production data). (hindawi.com)
  • The rate and extent of dryland salinity within some areas of the Murraylands and Riverland region has increased dramatically in recent years. (sa.gov.au)
Amount1
Https1
  • For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess . (mdpi.com)
Physical2
  • The performance of RED units is affected by the physical phenomena that occur when converting salinity gradient energy into electric current. (comsol.com)
  • There is most likely no physical property unaffected by salinity. (periodni.com)