• On 23 June 2016, a referendum, commonly referred to as the EU referendum or the Brexit referendum, took place in the United Kingdom (UK) and Gibraltar to ask the electorate whether the country should remain a member of, or leave, the European Union (EU). (wikipedia.org)
  • The pound was worth $1.44 before the Brexit referendum in June 2016. (latimes.com)
  • No top British leader seems quite ready to call for a second referendum in the U.K. But after 2 1/2 years of failure to work out an exit from the European Union as called for in a first referendum in 2016, a former British leader is talking about voting again. (ijpr.org)
  • Would it be accurate for every single one of the 33,551,983 people that voted in the referendum in 2016 to be labelled as being in one of these two groups? (studentnewspaper.org)
  • Immigration was a major point of debate and disagreement in the UK during the 2016 Brexit referendum. (ssrn.com)
  • The Brexit campaign won an in-out referendum of EU membership which took place on June 23, 2016. (express.co.uk)
  • A year later, the Brexit referendum in the UK launched its departure from the European Union. (theglobalist.com)
  • After the Brexit referendum, the most-Googled question in the UK was 'What does it mean to leave the European Union? (theconversation.com)
  • Objectives: The European Union Brexit referendum has split the British electorate into two camps, with high levels of affective polarization between those who affiliate with the Remain side (Remainers) and the Leave side (Leavers) of the debate. (bvsalud.org)
  • WILLEM MARX, BYLINE: Back in 2014, when a referendum offered Scottish voters a chance to support independence, 55% decided Scotland was better off staying in the U.K. That result disappointed the Scottish National Party, or SNP. (kunm.org)
  • Fifty-five percent of voters said "no" in Thursday's referendum, keeping the United Kingdom intact. (wm.edu)
  • These on-the-day polls will provide a greater insight into the voting landscape than the polls taken before the referendum, as it is conducted on the day and asks voters, representing the wide electorate, which way they swayed in the debate after they had paid to the voting booth. (newsweek.com)
  • In a 2014 referendum, Scottish voters rejected independence by a margin of 55 percent to 45 percent, but Sturgeon said that the U.K.'s decision to leave the EU had brought about a "material change of circumstances. (courthousenews.com)
  • The referendum itself fell well below the turnout threshold of 50%, with only just over 31% of voters choosing to take part. (lse.ac.uk)
  • The supporters of the referendum have stated that aside from the specific question put to voters, the overall purpose was to overcome the country's dependence on fossil fuels and to push it towards a greener economy, opening up a public debate about which energetic and industrial policy the country wants to pursue. (lse.ac.uk)
  • In each of the last three referendums, on the creation of an elected assembly in the north-east, increased devolution for Wales and the Alternative Vote, fewer than half of eligible voters have bothered to vote. (newstatesman.com)
  • It marked the latest sign of a rightward turn in Europe, after victories or electoral gains by conservative parties in places like Greece, Sweden and Italy over the last year, even if voters in Poland rejected their national conservative government last week. (mystateline.com)
  • Three-plus years after voters approved the referendum, the United Kingdom is on course to leave the European Union next week. (truthdig.com)
  • Regularly updated voter turnout figures for national presidential and parliamentary elections since 1945, as well as European Parliament elections, are presented country by country using both the number of registered voters and voting age population (VAP) as indicators. (lu.se)
  • The company prediction's of the Scottish Independence referendum result was only one percentage point out, which means many will be paying close attention to their verdict tonight. (newsweek.com)
  • assesses the argument that the Spanish government should now seek to address the Catalan independence debate by proposing a formal referendum on the issue. (lse.ac.uk)
  • The question is whether these sources of information should be complemented with an official, decisive referendum on independence like the one that took place in Scotland. (lse.ac.uk)
  • The Economist's editorial proposing such a referendum, in their words to defeat independence in Catalonia, gives me the opportunity to express my opinion once more about this issue. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Should the Spanish government use a referendum to counter the Catalan independence movement? (lse.ac.uk)
  • A referendum on independence, with a clear question and clear rules, has advantages for those, like myself, who view Catalan secession as a negative development for Catalonia, Spain and Europe. (lse.ac.uk)
  • An independence referendum also has disadvantages, which at least include the following. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Second, a 'yes/no' referendum on independence would have wider implications beyond Spain: which The Economist has noted before, even if it appears to have forgotten the argument recently. (lse.ac.uk)
  • An independence referendum incurs a whole raft of commitment problems . (lse.ac.uk)
  • A united Europe will not be built one independence referendum at a time: at a certain point the 'domino effect' must come to an end. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Scotland's leader will seek authority to hold a new independence referendum in the next two years because Britain is dragging Scotland out of the European Union against its will, she said Monday. (courthousenews.com)
  • So, let me start with some remarks on the early years of Finnish independence and follow the development of our relations with Britain, and Europe, since then. (bis.org)
  • BARCELONA (AFP) - Thousands of Catalan separatists rallied on Monday (Sept 11) to demand their region break away from Spain, in a show of strength three weeks ahead of an independence referendum banned by Madrid. (straitstimes.com)
  • There are 20 days left (until the referendum) and the mobilisation that prompted this process remains intact," Catalonia's pro-independence president Carles Puigdemont told reporters. (straitstimes.com)
  • Those against independence complained that a day meant for all Catalans had been hijacked by the separatists - and even more so this year ahead of the referendum. (straitstimes.com)
  • With Spain's central government promising to block the referendum, the pro-independence camp is keen to show that it can rally its troops - especially after participation in the "Diada" declined last year. (straitstimes.com)
  • Like the referendum held in Britain last year on the country's membership in the European Union, the issue in Catalonia pits rural areas - which are more pro-independence - against large urban centres like Barcelona that are more in favour of remaining in Spain. (straitstimes.com)
  • Today the Scottish Government has published a consultation on a draft Independence Referendum Bill. (snp.org)
  • If there is an independence referendum, it will not be because the result of the 2014 referendum has not been respected - it will be because the promises made to Scotland have not been kept. (snp.org)
  • The SNP Government was elected on an explicit manifesto pledge that the Scottish Parliament should have the right to consider an independence referendum if Scotland is faced with the threat of being dragged out of the EU against our will. (snp.org)
  • We believe that the Scottish Parliament should have the right to hold another referendum if there is clear and sustained evidence that independence has become the preferred option of a majority of the Scottish people - or if there is a significant and material change in the circumstances that prevailed in 2014, such as Scotland being taken out of the EU against our will. (snp.org)
  • If it becomes clear that it is the best or only way of safeguarding Scotland's interests - and in line with our manifesto commitment - parliament must be able to consider the option of an independence referendum, to allow the people of Scotland to vote on independence before the UK leaves the EU. (snp.org)
  • The Scottish independence referendum is the 12th major referendum to be held in the United Kingdom since 1973. (newstatesman.com)
  • The consternation stems from a weekend poll that showed 51 per cent of Scots say they plan to vote "yes" to independence in a referendum on Sept. 18. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • Britain Stronger in Europe became the official group campaigning for the UK to remain in the EU, and was endorsed by the Prime Minister David Cameron and Chancellor George Osborne. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prior to the 2010 general election, the then Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition David Cameron promised a referendum on the Lisbon Treaty, which he backtracked on after all EU countries had ratified the treaty before the election. (wikipedia.org)
  • When they attended the May 2012 NATO summit meeting, UK Prime Minister David Cameron, Foreign Secretary William Hague and Ed Llewellyn discussed the idea of using a European Union referendum as a concession to energise the Eurosceptic wing of the Conservative Party. (wikipedia.org)
  • Why has David Cameron taken the position on an EU referendum that he has? (blogs.com)
  • On a scale of -5 to +5 where -5 is very counterproductive and +5 is very powerful, please say which of the following factors have been most important in encouraging David Cameron to move towards holding an EU referendum? (blogs.com)
  • They offer a way for Prime Ministers to fudge a compromise necessary to prevent a party split - at least in the short-term - as in the offers of a referendum on Europe served by both Harold Wilson in 1975 and David Cameron today. (newstatesman.com)
  • Rising forces of nationalism have driven calls for increased powers to Scotland and Wales and, in the shape of the Ukip insurgency, irrevocable pressure on David Cameron to promise a referendum on the EU. (newstatesman.com)
  • Wonderful, imaginary version of the speech David Cameron would never give on Europe. (thebrowser.com)
  • Political integration gained greater focus when the Maastricht Treaty established the European Union (EU) in 1993, which incorporated (and after the Treaty of Lisbon, succeeded) the European Communities. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a member state, it has to initiate Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union to get the process rolling. (troymedia.com)
  • After all, in nearly every past referenda in which a proposal emanating from the European Union (a constitutional proposal, a treaty, euro membership, even an obscure trade agreement with Ukraine) was at stake, "no" votes prevailed and were ignored. (versobooks.com)
  • a membership treaty would probably be voted down in a referendum. (grapevine.is)
  • The EEA was originally a treaty between the EU and countries that had belonged to EFTA, the European Free Trade Association, originally founded in 1960. (grapevine.is)
  • Many would claim that Iceland really gave up much of its sovereignty when it joined the EEA, and that it would have been normal to hold a referendum on the treaty and to alter the constitution correspondingly. (grapevine.is)
  • In April 1948, the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between Finland and the Soviet Union was signed and it set up the framework for the Finnish relations to the Soviet Union and sometimes even beyond that for about 40 years. (bis.org)
  • From 1 July next year, all new passports issued in the UK and other member countries will quote Article 20 of the EU's founding treaty. (blogspot.com)
  • What is today known as the European Union traces its origin to the aftermath of WWII, when France and Germany signed a treaty in 1951 to create the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). (fxcm.com)
  • Following the signature of the Maastricht Treaty 1992-it allowed for harmonisation of the economic, judicial and foreign policy-the European Community continued expansion to form the EU. (fxcm.com)
  • Although it signed the Maastricht Treaty, it suspended efforts to fulfill entrance criteria after a 2003 referendum that rejected adoption of the euro. (fxcm.com)
  • The remaining EU-member countries-excluding those that signed the Maastricht Treaty without an opt-out provision-have signaled plans to enter the European Monetary Union and adopt the euro over varying time horizons. (fxcm.com)
  • The overarching result is that the Union has developed its general prerequisites for coherent action, more notably via provisions found within the Lisbon Treaty. (lu.se)
  • two years later, the first ever national referendum on continuing membership resulted in 67.2% approval, with a 64.62% turnout. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antoni Zabalza, Professor of Economics at Valencia University, argued in an article in the Spanish newspaper El Pais on 21 November that projecting the data of participants in the 'consultation' of 9 November (where everybody who wanted to vote could do it) on a legal referendum with high turnout, the yes vote would reach 44 per cent of the electorate. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Turnout in the last ten referendums, stretching back to the vote on Europe in 1975, has been 53.9 per cent. (newstatesman.com)
  • A referendum on continued membership of the Communities was held in 1975, with 67.2% of the votes cast in favour of Britain remaining a member. (wikipedia.org)
  • The tarnishing started in earnest six years ago when Britain voted to leave the European Union . (latimes.com)
  • It wasn't until 14 years later that the country would merge with England to become the Kingdom of Great Britain. (wm.edu)
  • And that leaves people very worried that Britain might in the end so-called crash out of the European Union without a deal at all, and that would be the most damaging outcome. (ijpr.org)
  • MILIBAND: Well, I think that it would be impossible for Britain to achieve the Brexit that was described by the leave campaign in the referendum. (ijpr.org)
  • A "Vote Remain" activist urges people to vote outside Kings Cross station in central London on June 23, as Britain holds a referendum on whether to remain in or to leave the European Union (EU). (newsweek.com)
  • Here are the key moments that will tell you, and the world, whether Britain has taken the colossal decision to leave the European Union or not as you drink into the early hours. (newsweek.com)
  • During the inter-war years, Britain became Finland's most important market by far, taking about half of our exports. (bis.org)
  • Finnish foreign trade during the inter-war years was so concentrated in Britain that in economic and financial terms Finland was clearly in the British sphere of influence. (bis.org)
  • Great Britain will leave the customs union but Northern Ireland while staying in the UK will be bound by the regulations of the customs union for goods and for visitors. (libcom.org)
  • The two things go together, we're campaigning on policies, which are about social justice, in Britain, and exposing what has been happening for the past seven years. (aljazeera.com)
  • Britain is "drifting" towards a referendum on leaving the European Union. (thebrowser.com)
  • Last year, the SNP strengthened its hold over the Scottish Parliament and started publicly demanding a rerun of the 2014 vote. (kunm.org)
  • NICOLA STURGEON: The Scottish Parliament cannot legislate for the referendum that the people of Scotland have instructed it to deliver. (kunm.org)
  • MARX: During a series of tough questions in Parliament for U.K. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, SNP legislators argued the court's decision meant Scotland's union with England no longer felt voluntary. (kunm.org)
  • Yes, the European Parliament had become far too powerful on a political scale, as the late UK prime minister Margaret Thatcher predicted in Oct. 1990. (troymedia.com)
  • She said she would ask the Scottish Parliament next week to start the process of calling a referendum, to be held between the fall of 2018 and the spring of 2019. (courthousenews.com)
  • Following a legal challenge from his government, Spain's Constitutional Court suspended a referendum law that was fast-tracked through Catalonia's regional parliament on Wednesday. (straitstimes.com)
  • The legislation for another referendum will be ready for introduction to the Scottish Parliament at any time after the triggering of Article 50, should it prove to be necessary to protect Scotland's interests. (snp.org)
  • 5.2.3 The European Parliament. (lu.se)
  • In this paper (Mehic 2023a), I use data from the 1986 Chernobyl accident to evaluate the voting outcomes of the Swedish Green Party (MP), which was founded in 1982, and elected to the national parliament in 1988, two years after the disaster. (lu.se)
  • The SNP has taken action to protect Scotland's relationship with, and place in, the European Union. (snp.org)
  • While England debated immigration, its future in the European Union, high-profile pedophilia and what to do about home-grown jihadis , Scotland's future was seen to be of such little worry that the first debate between Scottish National Party Leader Alex Salmond and No campaign chief Alistair Darling wasn't even broadcast on terrestrial TV channels in London. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • But that union may soon be coming to an end, depending on the results of a referendum to be held in Scotland Thursday. (wm.edu)
  • One such student, Laura Rutherford '17, of Edinburgh, Scotland, was able to secure a proxy vote for the referendum before leaving to begin her first semester at William & Mary last month. (wm.edu)
  • There would be cascading effects, both internal and external: offering a path for referendums to be held in parts of Catalonia which think they belong to Spain and to other European regions who would object to being denied a choice already offered to Catalonia and Scotland. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Sturgeon has been seeking a deal that will allow Scotland to stay in the European single market and customs union. (courthousenews.com)
  • Following the EU referendum Scotland now faces the prospect of being taken out of the EU. (snp.org)
  • That is despite every part of Scotland voting to remain in Europe. (snp.org)
  • If the Conservatives form a government next year, the 13th will happen by the end of 2017, when the UK - with or without Scotland - votes on whether or not to leave the European Union. (newstatesman.com)
  • Suddenly, it seems very possible that the 307-year-old union between England and Scotland could be down to its final days. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • The Conservative Party published a draft EU Referendum Bill in May 2013, and outlined its plans for renegotiation followed by an in-out vote (i.e. a referendum giving options only of leaving and of remaining in under the current terms, or under new terms if these had become available), were the party to be re-elected in 2015. (wikipedia.org)
  • On Thursday, there had been optimism as investors bet the U.K. would vote to remain in the European Union. (cnn.com)
  • Many across the world are eagerly awaiting the results of that vote, including students from the United Kingdom at William & Mary this year as part of the St Andrews William & Mary Joint Degree Programme . (wm.edu)
  • With just those two choices, polls are showing that Thursday's referendum will be a tight race, with the British press calling the vote "too close to call. (wm.edu)
  • He argues that while there are benefits to holding a referendum, there are also a number of costs in the Catalan case, and that offering a binding vote on federalism would be a far better option for Catalonia, Spain and Europe as a whole. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Some are already petitioning for a new vote, or for the referendum to be ignored. (versobooks.com)
  • As it transpired, this debate never flourished in the weeks before the referendum, and Renzi counted on the failure of the vote to strengthen his position against opposition parties and critical voices inside his Democratic Party, mainly on the left of the party. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Our Difference-in-Differences-in-Differences estimations and complementary survey results give strong evidence that the uncertainty caused by the vote dampened, as theoretically expected, investment of exposed firms with irreversible investment by as much as one quarter in the two years following the vote. (repec.org)
  • Exposed firms that can reverse investment appear rather to increase investment in the year after the vote. (repec.org)
  • Critics say the short timeline for the referendum means there is no way that the vote can be considered free and fair. (bne.eu)
  • There is a lot of genuine support for Russia and, like in the Crimean referendum, if a free and fair vote were held there is a fair chance that residents would choose to secede from Ukraine. (bne.eu)
  • I fear the possibility of a 2nd referendum with a 2nd vote to leave. (libcom.org)
  • I'm not a total abstentionist, I'd vote in something like the Irish abortion referendum, but I do think anarchists, and particularly anarchist organisations aiming to offer a degree of clarity, should refuse to take sides in things like Brexit where the entire debate is just over how the state and capital should be managed. (libcom.org)
  • If there is huge mobilisation, they can't do anything in Madrid," says Jordi Calatayud, a 21-year-old economics student of the October 1 vote. (straitstimes.com)
  • Rajoy's conservative government argues the vote violates the constitution, which states that only central authorities can call a referendum. (straitstimes.com)
  • The following year the demonstration took the shape of a giant "V" for "vote" down two of the main avenues of Barcelona. (straitstimes.com)
  • If two party politics were alive and well, there would have been no referendum on the Alternative Vote. (newstatesman.com)
  • Renzi's defeat constitutes another populist setback for the European Union, following the U.K.'s Brexit vote in June. (politico.eu)
  • In a further note of concern for the EU, the 5Star Movement has previously called for a referendum on Italy's membership of the eurozone and the renegotiation of the country's public debt, though opinion polls have suggested Italians would not vote to leave the euro. (politico.eu)
  • Konstantin Ivashchenko, former CEO of the Azovmash plant and appointed pro-Russian mayor of Mariupol, visits a polling station as people vote in a referendum in Mariupol on Tuesday. (npr.org)
  • Republican writing supporting the Yes vote in the Scottish Referendum on a mountain in West Belfast, Northern Ireland, Monday, Sept. 8, 2014. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • The British people will come to the polls and decide the fate of the United Kingdom by either voting yes "for" or no "against" leaving the European Union, in a vote otherwise known by wonkish reporting wags as a "Brexit. (hogueprophecy.com)
  • A referendum vote against EU membership would be disastrous. (thebrowser.com)
  • The country joined the European Communities (EC), principally the European Economic Community (EEC) or Common Market, the forerunner to the European Union, in 1973, along with the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). (wikipedia.org)
  • The European Communities were formed in the 1950s - the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952, and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom) and European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following three years of negotiations, the European Union and the UK have come to an agreement - though not yet in a binding form - on the protection of citizens' rights post-Brexit. (ssrn.com)
  • An application to join was sent to Brussels in July last year, and now formal negotiations on Iceland's membership are due to begin. (grapevine.is)
  • After a year of negotiations and multiple missed deadlines, the two sides have landed on a trade deal. (theconversation.com)
  • Its divorce from the European Union begins with negotiations firmly in the hands of a leader uninterested in human rights or accountability. (truthdig.com)
  • ROME - Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi resigned on Sunday night after suffering a crushing defeat in a referendum on constitutional reform. (politico.eu)
  • Other campaign groups, political parties, businesses, trade unions, newspapers and prominent individuals were also involved, with both sides having supporters from across the political spectrum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Third, the very nature of a referendum campaign ensures that both sides would be focused exclusively on 'winning' the contest rather than attempting to find an agreement which is acceptable to each party. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Though the referendum campaign has lasted for close to two years, few in London - until now - have paid it much attention. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • Much of the blame will be laid at the feet of a finger-waving No campaign, which has spent too much of the past two years lecturing Scots about all the things they'll lose if they leave the union, rather than offering them an inspiring reason to remain. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • The case for a second referendum can't simply be that we didn't like the outcome. (ijpr.org)
  • The outcome put several economically relevant agreements between Switzerland and its main trading partner, the European Union, at stake. (repec.org)
  • The response to there even being another referendum, never mind the outcome, shows working class people what the elite really think of us. (libcom.org)
  • Two years later, though, Scots voted in another referendum to remain inside the European Union. (kunm.org)
  • Britons voted in a June 23 referendum to leave the EU, but Scots voted by 62 to 38 percent to remain. (courthousenews.com)
  • The referendum has created political uncertainty about the future of the European Union and the eurozone. (cnn.com)
  • This carries the real danger of creating economic and political uncertainty, undermining any unity within Europe in the long-run and triggering a financial crisis in the Eurozone in the short-run. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Twenty-eight nations in Europe currently participate in the political-economic union known as the European Union, or EU, and 19 participate in its corresponding common currency area, known as the eurozone . (fxcm.com)
  • So what we're saying - I mean, I'm a supporter of a second referendum, both on democratic grounds but also on economic and social grounds - is that it's better to be safe than sorry. (ijpr.org)
  • A case in point is the effort of the European Union, one of the largest democratic political systems in the world, to curtail its alleged democratic deficit (Karp et al. (springer.com)
  • Nonetheless Engerer stands by his view that the Imam is fully within his rights to propose a referendum: "I think it is good for citizens to make use of the democratic tools at their disposal. (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • The rise in referendums owes nothing to the democratic impulses of political leaders. (newstatesman.com)
  • It was organised and facilitated through the European Union Referendum Act 2015 and the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000. (wikipedia.org)
  • His fall ushers in a period of political uncertainty for Italy, not a new thing for a nation that has had 65 prime ministers in almost as many years, as it searches for a new government, possibly holds early elections or both. (politico.eu)
  • The British government must agree before a legally binding referendum can be held. (courthousenews.com)
  • On 17 April, a referendum was held in Italy on rules governing off shore drilling licenses. (lse.ac.uk)
  • The referendum held in Italy on 17 April can be considered an interesting case study of how a tool of direct democracy on a specific matter can be deprived and twisted, paving the way to an increase in citizens' dissatisfaction. (lse.ac.uk)
  • The Russian-backed, self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) and the neighbouring Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) said the planned referenda would be held between September 23 and 27. (bne.eu)
  • Voting began Friday in four Moscow-held regions of Ukraine on referendums to become part of Russia. (npr.org)
  • Millions of Britons began voting Thursday in a bitterly fought, knife-edge referendum that could tear up the island nation's EU membership and spark the greatest emergency of the bloc's 60-year history. (newsweek.com)
  • Updating us on a story first run by the Yorkshire Post last September - of which The Daily Telegraph made a complete hash the following week , the Mail on Sunday is telling us that Britons are to be asked to put a sticker proclaiming the rights of European Union "nationals" on the back cover of their passports. (blogspot.com)
  • Russian proxy officials in the breakaway regions of Luhansk and Donetsk announced they would hold referenda this week on joining the Russian Federation in a move widely seen as a precursor for their annexation by the Kremlin. (bne.eu)
  • The two Russian-controlled Donbas regions of Luhansk and Donetsk announced on September 20 that they will hold a snap referendum next week to ask residents if they want to join the Russian Federation. (bne.eu)
  • The decision to hold a referendum in the two Donbas regions is seen by many analysts as a defence move in response to Ukraine's inspiring successful military counter-offensive. (bne.eu)
  • I disagreed with the idea to hold a referendum on divorce for the same reason. (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • On Sept. 20, the day before Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a new military draft and a major new push in his war against Ukraine, officials in the Moscow-backed separatist regions of Donetsk and Luhansk announced they would hold the referendums on joining Russia. (npr.org)
  • The anti-immigration Swiss People's Party rebounded from searing losses four years ago, expanding its hold as the largest parliamentary faction, while environmentally-minded parties lost ground despite record glacier melt in the Alpine country, official election results showed. (mystateline.com)
  • Amid a mix of shock, dismay and jubilation at the 'Leave' camp's victory in the EU referendum, senior industry figures have vowed to hold off on taking any steps in response until the implications of the result become clear, and to take a positive approach to the challenges ahead. (infotoday.com)
  • Tory members credit one factor above all others - the 81 Conservative MPs who rebelled last year . (blogs.com)
  • The Scottish Nationalist Party, which is sponsoring the referendum, has asserted that Scottish institutions would still be able to charge English students to attend, said Rutherford. (wm.edu)
  • Immediately after the result, financial markets reacted negatively worldwide, and Cameron announced that he would resign as Prime Minister and Leader of the Conservative Party, having campaigned unsuccessfully to remain in the European Union. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was the first time that a national referendum result had gone against the preferred option of the UK Government. (wikipedia.org)
  • Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn also faced a leadership challenge as a result of the EU referendum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The result from a historic referendum in the U.K. is rocking markets around the world and slamming U.S. stock futures , which indicate how shares will open at 9:30 a.m. (cnn.com)
  • That's what some commentators hinted at last week after the stunning result of the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, or Brexit. (troymedia.com)
  • As a result, it had to stay outside the European Payments Union ( EPU ), which made the Western European currencies mutually convertible in the 1950s. (bis.org)
  • Grass-roots democracy within an electoral system clearly doesn't work, if a referendum result can be so easily thrown in the dustbin. (libcom.org)
  • The net result is that today, two years later, Malta is now poised to introduce other civil rights that were previously considered almost unthinkable, not least, a bill to regulate civil unions, which would de facto give same-sex couples a status that is comparable to marriage. (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • Engerer argues that Labour's entire progressive agenda was in fact a response to a stimulus provided by the electorate itself - as evidenced by the result of the divorce referendum. (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • The referendums are widely viewed as an initial Kremlin move toward formal Russian annexation of the territories, even as the exact timetable remains unclear. (npr.org)
  • The current conflict in Spain over the constitutional future of Catalonia cannot be resolved without reference to our European reality. (lse.ac.uk)
  • The preferences of those with multiple identities that favour some form of federal alternative (who are probably in a majority in Catalonia) would not be represented in a 'yes/no' referendum. (lse.ac.uk)
  • In January 2013, Cameron delivered the Bloomberg speech and promised that, should the Conservatives win a parliamentary majority at the 2015 general election, the British government would negotiate more favourable arrangements for continuing British membership of the EU, before holding a referendum on whether the UK should remain in or leave the EU. (wikipedia.org)
  • They're also crowding into U.S. government bonds, pushing down the yield on 10-year bonds to about 1.52%, the lowest level since 2012. (cnn.com)
  • Their ministers join the Council of Ministers, which decides which laws are adopted, and their heads of government become members of the European Council - and decide on "European" political strategy. (blogspot.com)
  • Lord Lisvane: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many NHS consultant appointments were cancelled, other than by patients, in the last year for which figures are available. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • On one level, the referendum experience as a whole also demonstrated to the general public that there are ways and means of circumventing government policy and/or forcing a government to legislate against its will. (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • After 25 years of a conservative government, there was a big shift towards civil rights. (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • Again, the underlying implication is that referenda have come to represent a last resort to force one's government to do what it would probably never find the courage to do of its own accord. (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • Distrust of politicians is so great that we are suspicious of their motives for offering a referendum: no government would call an awkward referendum if it could avoid it. (newstatesman.com)
  • The list of anti-globalization measures adopted by the U.S. government in the four years since then is long and well known. (theglobalist.com)
  • Northern Ireland's power-sharing government has been suspended for two years because of a dispute between the main Protestant and Catholic political parties. (truthdig.com)
  • At present, participation in the European Monetary System means the following: coordination of economic policy-making between member states, coordination of fiscal policies through limits on government debt and deficits, submission to a centralised independent monetary policy run by the European Central Bank (ECB), adherence of national financial institutions to centralised rules within the euro area, and adoption of the single euro currency. (fxcm.com)
  • and Deaths in custody news round-up (IRR, link): "The last month has seen a number of developments in relation to deaths in custody: a misconduct hearing, the ten-year anniversary of the death of Jean Charles de Menezes, an inquest, new deaths in custody and a new government 'review' of deaths in police custody. (statewatch.org)
  • Britain's new Conservative government prepares for a promised referendum on UK membership of the European Union, probably next year. (thebrowser.com)
  • Political Data Yearbook captures election results, national referenda, changes in government, and institutional reforms for a range of countries, within and beyond the EU. (lu.se)
  • The European Journal of Political Research (EJPR) Political Data Yearbook documents election results, national referenda, changes in government, and institutional reforms. (lu.se)
  • The British pound hit a 35-year-low against the U.S. dollar on June 24, and has continued to decrease. (troymedia.com)
  • What explains the surge in politicians using referendums, and why hasn't the British public embraced them? (newstatesman.com)
  • Yet the British people's embrace of referendums is less clear. (newstatesman.com)
  • Brexit was the British exit of the European Union. (express.co.uk)
  • This may be the most significant British referendum in 100 years. (hogueprophecy.com)
  • The agreement that created the United Kingdom is more than 300 years old. (kunm.org)
  • Investors are reacting with shock to the announcement that the United Kingdom has voted to leave the European Union , which is a political, economic and free trade union between 28 member nations. (cnn.com)
  • To a foreigner who has been living and working in the United Kingdom for the last sixteen years, the immediate post-referendum situation appears highly paradoxical. (versobooks.com)
  • I mean, it's - I was foreign minister for three years from 2007 to 2010, and I spent those three years fending off voting against, leading my party colleagues against, proposals for a referendum because referendums give power to demagogues and dictators. (ijpr.org)
  • After the results, the failure of the referendum was hailed by them as a political victory. (lse.ac.uk)
  • The 41-year-old center-left leader turned a proposal to streamline the lawmaking process and centralize more political power into a referendum on his own rule that he said he hoped to use as a mandate for reform. (politico.eu)
  • It facilitated wide-ranging and informed discussions on the likely economic, social and political implications of a UK withdrawal or the possible reforms leading to its continuing membership upon these islands and upon the wider future direction of Europe. (crossborder.ie)
  • Published in European Journal of Political Research. (lu.se)
  • I am a political scientist in the field of European Studies with an interest for democracy, political communication, and political identity. (lu.se)
  • After having studied national and ethnic identities, I am currently interested in transnational identities, such as the European one, and their political manifestations. (lu.se)
  • Finally, the Chernobyl accident, being one of the major events of post-World War II Europe, had profound political consequences in most Western countries. (lu.se)
  • The U.K. will now have to extract itself from its membership in the European Union over the next few years and rework trade agreements with countries around the world. (cnn.com)
  • Later this June-this autumn at the latest-Iceland is set to become a full candidate for membership of the European Union. (grapevine.is)
  • Although the European continent has more than 50 countries geographically, not all have sought membership in the EU or are considered potential members. (fxcm.com)
  • In addition to those EU countries, several other European countries have petitioned for membership in the bloc, including Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey. (fxcm.com)
  • The leaders of the Catalan and Spanish governments are essentially fighting over something which no longer exists in Europe: national sovereignty. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Police have searched a Catalan printing house and a local weekly newspaper suspected of making ballots for the referendum while Spain's state prosecutor has launched criminal proceedings against Puigdemont and other Catalan officials. (straitstimes.com)
  • The move is reminiscent of the hastily organised referendum in May 2014 that ended with Russia annexing the Crimea. (bne.eu)
  • A similar referendum in Kherson for that region in southern Ukraine to join Russia was planned for September but has been postponed as Russian defenders there are still engaged in holding off the Ukrainian counter-offensive. (bne.eu)
  • In a post on social media addressed to Putin, DPR head Denis Pushilin wrote: "I ask you, as soon as possible, in the event of a positive decision in the referendum - which we have no doubt about - to consider the DPR becoming a part of Russia," Reuters reports. (bne.eu)
  • It is now much more a part of Europe than it was in the time when the Americans operated a large military base in Keflavík, while the country was at the same time doing lively trade with Russia-trading herring and wool for oil and Russian cars, a common sight on the streets of Reykjavík in the sixties and seventies. (grapevine.is)
  • Ukraine and its international partners have dismissed the highly controversial referendums as shams and a violation of international law. (npr.org)
  • The Congress of Europe was attended by a great number of leading European politicians and statesmen, among them Konrad Adenauer from West Germany and three former French prime ministers, Paul Renaud , Éduard Daladier and Paul Ramadier . (bis.org)
  • The age of the referendum: why do politicians offer them, and do we trust them? (newstatesman.com)
  • This is all part of a long-term programme, given new impetus with the Hague Programme agreed by the European Council in December 2004 . (blogspot.com)
  • This project is funded by the European Commission's H2020 MSCA-RISE programme. (lu.se)
  • The Soviet Union considered the Plan as an attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of the participating states and refused the plan. (bis.org)
  • The euro sank against the U.S. dollar in Tokyo trading at the news of Renzi's defeat and resignation, falling below $1.05, a two-year low, before rallying. (politico.eu)
  • This very week, something called a 'Coalition Against Spring Hunting' came forward, likewise proposing a national referendum (no prizes for guessing the subject). (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • In addition, it recognized experts on the politics of each country provide commentary on these events, as well as on the principal issues in national politics during the year. (lu.se)
  • Chesdata estimate party positioning on European integration, ideology and policy issues for national parties in a variety of European countries. (lu.se)
  • With hindsight, the divorce referendum of 2011 can be seen to have had more effects on the country than the mere introduction of divorce alone. (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • Ironically, however, the same divorce referendum is now also being invoked as the model to follow for those who oppose such rights, and would seek to deny them to others. (maltatoday.com.mt)
  • Currently, Scottish citizens and students from the European Union are able to attend Scottish colleges for free, but students from England, Wales and Northern Ireland must pay. (wm.edu)
  • This, of course, is a "tip of the iceberg" story arising from the publication last year of the commission's communication on "Diplomatic and consular protection of Union citizens in third countries. (blogspot.com)
  • The pound had been trading at its highest level of the year around $1.50 on Thursday ahead of the referendum results. (cnn.com)
  • GENEVA (AP) - Switzerland's anti-immigration Swiss People's Party rebounded from searing losses four years ago to become the largest parliamentary faction after the election, official results showed, as two environmentally-minded parties lost ground despite record glacier melt in the Alpine country. (mystateline.com)
  • The Russian-run referendum votes took place over five days, from Sept. 23 through Sept. 27, despite international outrage. (npr.org)
  • First of all, people voted to leave the European Union without any model for what Brexit would mean. (ijpr.org)
  • People like me who opposed leaving the European Union I think would have had to swallow hard. (ijpr.org)
  • And people should be able to - now that they know what the home inspection has revealed, now that we know so much more about what leaving the European Union means, they should be in a position to affirm their decision or choose not to. (ijpr.org)
  • While Germany welcomed over one million people in 2015 and received the refugees initially with very open arms, if not outright enthusiasm, other European democracies acted more soberly and decided to start closing their borders. (theglobalist.com)
  • I wish to thank many people for discussions around these topics over many years but wil single out Vicki Lee, James McEwan, Pauline Guerin and Dan Palmer in particular for clarify- ing my thoughts. (bvsalud.org)
  • As a first step, he called the creation of a Council of Europe. (bis.org)
  • One of them was a Congress of Europe in The Hague in May 1948. (bis.org)
  • the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights (1948), the European Convention on Nationality (ETS no. 166) and the United Nations Convention on Statelessness (1961) among others. (lu.se)
  • In May 2015, following a Conservative Party manifesto pledge, the legal basis for the EU referendum was established through the European Union Referendum Act 2015. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heading to a referendum party on Thursday night? (newsweek.com)
  • Renzi's proposed constitutional reform was also opposed by some within his own party, such as former prime minister Massimo D'Alema, and moderate figures such as the former European commissioner and ex-prime minister Mario Monti. (politico.eu)
  • The polarisation of recent years has created divisions (both geographical and generational) which feel irreparable at this moment in time. (studentnewspaper.org)
  • Two years may therefore not be enough time. (troymedia.com)
  • However, on the same day Russian officials in Kherson announced that the referendum would go ahead at the same time as the poll in Donbas. (bne.eu)
  • At the same time, the model has less long-term viability, the union says. (err.ee)
  • I question their authenticity as well as their claim and behaviour, especially when their spokesperson bears two European names. (alor.org)
  • Of course, on the other hand, presenting more than two options would make the question less clear, which is why, if we are to establish a federal alternative, the referendum should still be limited to two choices: a choice between federalism and the status quo. (lse.ac.uk)
  • We provide direct evidence on this question by examining the effects of an unexpectedly accepted and far-reaching referendum in Switzerland in February 2014. (repec.org)
  • But stay in the full customs union obeying all the regulations but with no say in making them. (libcom.org)
  • But stay in the customs union only for goods. (libcom.org)
  • In this way the UK completely leaves the customs union without retaliation on tariffs from EU and Ireland. (libcom.org)
  • But the Republic of Ireland leaves the EU as well and establishes a customs union with the UK. (libcom.org)
  • Since 2001, Iceland also belongs to the Schengen Agreement, which entails a borderless zone covering 25 European countries. (grapevine.is)
  • More specifically, it studies how the actor capability has changed by comparing the years 2001 and 2011 respectively. (lu.se)
  • A first step towards promoting a unified currency in Europe took place with the creation of European Monetary System in 1979. (fxcm.com)
  • The establishing of the ECSC was followed by the creation of the European Economic Community in 1957, which included France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. (fxcm.com)