MicrosurgeryProctoscopyReconstructive Surgical ProceduresLaser TherapyAdenoma, VillousSpisulaSurgical FlapsLasers, GasNatural Orifice Endoscopic SurgeryAnal CanalAndrologyNeurosurgeryVasovasostomyAnterior Cruciate Ligament ReconstructionNeurosurgical ProceduresRectal NeoplasmsSurgery, Computer-AssistedOrgan Sparing TreatmentsAmputation, TraumaticLaryngeal NeoplasmsRadiosurgeryAnterior Cruciate LigamentPituitary IrradiationReplantationTreatment OutcomeLasersMammaplastySurgical InstrumentsImaging, Three-DimensionalLaryngoscopyNeuroma, AcousticParticle AcceleratorsFallopian Tube DiseasesImage Processing, Computer-AssistedEquipment DesignAnastomosis, SurgicalNeurilemmomaPostoperative ComplicationsSuture TechniquesPhantoms, ImagingMeningiomaRetrospective StudiesAdenomaSpinal Cord NeoplasmsAlgorithms