Recipient tissue and organ procurement. Medical search. Frequent questions

Illinois recognizes that there is a critical shortage of human organs and tissues available to citizens in need of organ and tissue transplants. (ilga.gov)
In 2013, 28,955 organ transplants were performed in this country. (cdc.gov)
The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, or OPTN, attempts to increase the number of and access to transplants while working to reduce the risk of transmission of disease from organ donors to recipients. (cdc.gov)
In the case of transplants from deceased donors, time and other factors limit the testing that can be performed prior to transplant and for each donor there is the potential to infect multiple recipients. (cdc.gov)
Over the past decade, new efforts in surveillance, detection, and screening of health risks have been employed to make transplants safer and to ensure that recipients have the best outcomes possible. (cdc.gov)
This Research Topic focuses on advancing the science of combined solid-organ transplants, including combined abdominal transplants, combined thoracic transplants, and the combination of transplanting thoracic and abdominal organs. (frontiersin.org)
Whilst addressing the topic of multi-organ transplants to provide insight on the current incidence and prevalence of multi-organ chronic disease and how transplant centers are addressing the needs of these very sick patients. (frontiersin.org)
So far this year, 327 people have received organ transplants thanks to registered donors in Texas and thousands more have been given the gift of sight through cornea and ocular tissue transplants. (donatelifetexas.org)
This observance is an opportunity to honor and celebrate Donor Heroes who have donated organs resulting in new life for those in need of organ transplants. (aopo.org)
We were pleased to see that the report tied into our 50,000 Annual Organ Transplants in 2026 campaign with some of the same goals and recommendations. (aopo.org)
Every day people experience life-altering medical improvements through tissue transplants from organ and tissue donors. (giftofhope.org)
The George Washington University Hospital has partnered with the National Minority Organ Tissue Transplant Education Program (MOTTEP) to address this health disparity and reduce the number of ethnic minority Americans in need of transplants. (gwhospital.com)
The risk for infections caused by pathogens transmitted through solid organ or tissue transplants, referred to here as donor-derived or transplant-transmitted infections, has been recognized for decades and remains a worldwide public health problem. (cdc.gov)
It is likely that signs and symptoms of encephalitis among transplant recipients during a West Nile virus outbreak led to the recognition that West Nile virus had been transmitted through organ transplants. (cdc.gov)
Each day, transplant centers across Texas are recommending increasing numbers of patients for transplants, giving these medical professionals a unique and personal perspective of the rising demand for donor organs. (donatelife-texas.org)
Unfortunately, the demand for transplants is rising faster than the number of donated organs, but not for the reasons you might think. (donatelife-texas.org)
As the number of people waiting for organ transplants continues to grow, so does the demand for organs. (truegazette.com)
120,000 Americans currently waiting for precious organ transplants depend on the public to sign up with their state's organ donor registries on National Donor Day every February 14. (acentria.com)
Forexample, the report states that "there are many more [organ]transplants" in China - about 10,000 per year - than there are "identifiable sources" for the organs that were procured. (cbc-network.org)
But China isa non-transparent society, and even though the organ-procurementnumbers do indeed seem insufficient to support the number of reported transplants, this fact alone would not support their charge. (cbc-network.org)
Forexample, the authors compare the numbers of total organ transplants in China in the six years before the crackdown on Falun Gong began withthe numbers reported in the six years since the sect was outlawed. (cbc-network.org)
Where do the organs come from for the [additional] 41,500 transplants? (cbc-network.org)
But," they argue, "theconverse, a full explanation of the source of all organ transplants,would disprove the allegation. (cbc-network.org)
Notably, statistics from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) highlight a 3.7% increase in organ transplants in 2022, with a significant portion dedicated to kidney transplants. (tbrc.info)
Whereas tissues (skin, bone, corneas) could be successfully transplanted from a corpse, successful organ transplants (heart, lung, liver, kidneys) would require that the organs involved come from people whose hearts were still beating and whose lungs were still oxygenating their blood: people still biologically alive. (g3min.org)
This was the outlet I had been looking for, a position that allowed me to actively serve the individuals who are waiting and receive organ transplants. (transplanthouseofcleveland.org)
BACKGROUND: In 2021, four patients who had received solid organ transplants in the USA developed encephalitis beginning 2-6 weeks after transplantation from a common organ donor. (cdc.gov)
Striking successes in the field of kidney, liver, and heart transplantation have encouraged further investigation into the more multifaceted transplants such as composite tissue transplantation. (medscape.com)

Transplant centers have very little time to evaluate if the need for transplant for a particular recipient outweighs the possible risk of infection from a potential donor. (cdc.gov)
Transplant centers having the capability of performing and managing multi-organ transplant surgeries are increasingly faced with the task of discerning how to address this scenario and balance the patient's needs with the availability of donor organs. (frontiersin.org)
Eurotransplant provides services to transplant centers and their associated tissue typing laboratories and donor hospitals in its member states. (eurotransplant.org)
Eurotransplant will work together with the transplant centers and the competent authorities even more closely than before to collect relevant medical data on transplant operations, so that allocation - the organization's main focus - can be further improved and support can be given for national decisions on organ allocation. (eurotransplant.org)
The report offered recommendations for donor hospitals, OPOs, transplant centers, and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) to improve system-wide performance, equity, and organ utilization. (aopo.org)
Since 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has investigated clusters of encephalitis among transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)
It is a meticulous process that requires coordination and collaboration between transplant centers and organ procurement organizations. (resolvemedicalbills.com)

The two were connected by LiveOnNY, New York City's federally designated organ procurement organization, ahead of Fisher's death. (medicalxpress.com)
For purposes of this Section, a non-transplant anatomic bank operating under the auspices of a hospital, accredited medical school, dental school, college or university, or federally designated organ procurement organization is not required to be accredited by the American Association of Tissue Banks. (ilga.gov)
LiveOnNY is a federally designated organ procurement organization responsible for all the New York City boroughs and the lower Hudson Valley counties," said Roxanne Watson, Volunteer and Organ Recipient . (palisadescenter.com)

The heart , lungs and kidneys especially diminish over time, more so than other organs. (howstuffworks.com)
Kidneys may show more wear and tear than other organs in humans. (howstuffworks.com)
The very first activity of Eurotransplant involved trying to find the best suitable recipients for donor kidneys. (eurotransplant.org)
Living-donor kidney transplant is a process in which a kidney from a living donor is removed and placed into a recipient whose kidneys no longer function properly. (wetogether.care)

The Center for Organ Recovery & Education (CORE) is one of 58 federally designated not-for-profit organ procurement organizations (OPOs) in the United States. (core.org)
In Texas, 15 Donate Life Texas organizations perform the organ, eye and tissue recovery procedures. (donatelifetexas.org)
So it's timely that the Association of Organ Procurement Organizations (AOPO) and the organ donation community take this time to educate the public about organ donation with the goal of increasing the number of donor registrations and ultimately saving more lives on the transplant waitlist. (aopo.org)
There is no current requirement to communicate HLA typing changes to transplant programs or Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs). (hrsa.gov)
RTI Donor Services is a not-for-profit organization that partners with tissue recovery organizations in acquiring donated tissue on behalf of RTI Surgical, with the goal of maximizing the gift of tissue donation to benefit recipients in need. (rtix.com)
Tissue is recovered by organ procurement organizations and tissue banks throughout the United States and sent to RTI Surgical for processing. (rtix.com)
RTI Donor Services works with organ procurement organizations and tissue banks to promote responsible stewardship of the gift of tissue donation. (rtix.com)
The Donate Life Texas State Team includes the organ, eye and tissue donation organizations throughout the state. (donatelifetx.org)
I have worked at four Organ Procurement Organizations and at the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), but have always been one step removed from organ recipients until I became involved with Transplant House of Cleveland. (transplanthouseofcleveland.org)
Government efforts, supported by professional associations, civil society organizations and the media, along with World Health Organization technical assistance, have led to the development of legislation regulating this practice and curbing organ trade in conformity with international guidelines. (who.int)

HRSA oversees the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients in addition to promoting national awareness of the critical need for organ and tissue donation. (wikipedia.org)

OPOs serve as the vital link between the donor and recipient and are responsible for the identification of donors, and the retrieval, preservation and transportation of organs for transplantation. (hrsa.gov)

In 1984, the Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN) was established to oversee fair allocation of donated organs. (superlawyers.com)
As of 2015, there were more than 116,000 people on waiting lists for organs [source: OPTN]. (howstuffworks.com)

Kentucky Organ Donor Affiliates (KODA) is dedicated to saving lives through organ and tissue donation and transplantation. (prospermediagroup.com)

In order to mediate successfully in the allocation of organs from living donors and its VCA procedures Eurotransplant, together with all its partners, needs to develop proposals for objective, transparent, reliable and valid allocation policies for these new fields. (eurotransplant.org)
Which organs and tissues can come from living donors? (giftofhope.org)

As impressive as this number may seem, the demand is even greater, with over 123,000 people currently awaiting an organ transplant. (cdc.gov)
There are more than 2,000 patients awaiting an organ transplant in Northeast Ohio today, and many need a place to stay before and after transplantation. (transplanthouseofcleveland.org)

However, despite the law's intent to make organ donation easier, there remains a critical shortage of donated organs. (superlawyers.com)
However, finding organs is still a challenge - there is a critical shortage of organs compared to the rising number of people waiting to receive them. (acentria.com)

Organ" means a human kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, small bowel, or other transplantable vascular body part as determined by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, as periodically selected by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (ilga.gov)
Over time, the organization has extended its activities to other organs - such as the heart, lungs, the liver, the intestine and the pancreas. (eurotransplant.org)
Cirrhosis of the Liver Cirrhosis is the widespread distortion of the liver's internal structure that occurs when a large amount of normal liver tissue is permanently replaced with nonfunctioning scar tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
If damage from the inflammation is mild, the liver commonly repairs itself by making new liver cells and attaching them to the web of connective tissue (internal structure) that is left when liver cells die. (msdmanuals.com)
Fibrosis of the Liver Fibrosis is the formation of an abnormally large amount of scar tissue in the liver. (msdmanuals.com)

CORE works closely with donor families and designated health care professionals to coordinate the surgical recovery of organs, tissues and corneas for transplantation. (core.org)
An organization responsible for the recovery of organs for transplantation and the promotion of organ donation. (hrsa.gov)

Graft survival continues to improve with superior outcomes for living donor recipients. (nih.gov)

The science of organ transplantation has made great strides in recent years. (acentria.com)
These definitions have allowed the science of organ transplantation to provide life-saving organs for thousands of people. (g3min.org)

CORE also facilitates the computerized matching of donated organs and placement of corneas. (core.org)
After recovering the corneas, the tissue is placed in a solution. (donatelifeky.org)
We match recovered corneas to recipients in need. (donatelifeky.org)

Guiding Principles on Human Organ Transplantation. (who.int)
Additionally, organs from animal sources could be transplanted into patients currently excluded from the human organ transplantation list. (medscape.com)

Organs are systems of cells and tissues that perform a specific task -- respiration, for example, or ridding the body of waste. (howstuffworks.com)
however, regulations for treating patients with cells and tissues that are based on evidence could help to address challenges relating to therapy, safety, and efficacy. (nationalacademies.org)

it has connected 20,000 donors to recipients, according to its website. (medicalxpress.com)

The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) maintains the national Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. (acentria.com)
A national computer network, maintained by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) matches organs according to height, weight and blood type, followed by medical urgency and then time accrued on the waiting list. (core.org)
5 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, VA. (nih.gov)
According to the most current report from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), more than 107,241 Americans were waiting for organ transplantation as of May 2010. (medscape.com)

In the simplest terms, donor registration helps ensure that every transplantable organ can become a gift of life. (donatelifetexas.org)

While some organ transplantations are life-saving procedures, serious illness and death can occur from undetected infections in donor organs and tissues. (cdc.gov)
Although the number of transplantations each year has grown rapidly over the past two decades, the demand for transplantation using human cells, tissues and organs has also increased significantly, resulting in a continuing shortage of human material, particularly organs. (who.int)
Improvements in immune-modulating therapy, critical care medicine, and surgical techniques have led to the increased success of organ transplantations, and more patients are now eligible for these procedures. (cdc.gov)
RÉSUMÉ Les transplantations d'organes doivent être envisagées en tenant compte des valeurs culturelles et religieuses d'un pays, ainsi que de ses conditions socioéconomiques. (who.int)

Is involved in the process of assessing donors of vascular tissue (homografts), the retrieval of homografts and the release process for this tissue for clinical use. (mater.ie)

HRSA oversees the nation's organ and tissue donation and transplantation systems, poison control and vaccine injury compensation programs, and a drug discount program for certain safety-net health care providers. (wikipedia.org)
AOPO leads the nation's organ donation community and is committed to the day there is no longer a waiting list for a life-saving organ transplant. (aopo.org)

Allograft tissue (tissue surgically transplanted from one person to another) is used in more than one million life-restoring procedures each year. (rtix.com)
In 2017, donors from all over Central Texas allowed United Tissue Resources to make a difference in the lives of approximately 6,000 recipients of allograft tissue. (donatelifetx.org)

For these infections, the initial link to the transplanted organ was made by histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical testing of tissue from an organ recipient who died 4 weeks after undergoing transplantation. (cdc.gov)

This Act is intended to implement the public policy of encouraging timely donation of human organs and tissue in Illinois, facilitating transplantation of those organs and tissue into patients in need of them, and encouraging anatomical gifts for therapy, research, or education. (ilga.gov)
On average, 77 patients undergo transplant surgeries each day, and 19 die for lack of donated organs. (wikipedia.org)
The condition of chronic multi-organ disease is increasing with a significant number of patients reaching end-stage disease of more than one organ simultaneously. (frontiersin.org)
As long as there are patients whose only chance of survival lies in an organ donated by another person, Eurotransplant's work will remain as important as ever. (eurotransplant.org)
Reaching this goal requires focused performance improvement in all aspects of organ donation and transplantation, from the early interaction of caregivers with donors and donor families to the transplant and care for patients receiving the gift of donation. (aopo.org)
RTI Surgical processes donated tissue received, including bone, tendons and skin, into surgical implants for patients. (rtix.com)
According to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, more than 80 percent of patients waiting for a kidney in the Washington D.C. area are minorities. (gwhospital.com)
The report also alleges that some of these organs are being sold to patients in other countries, including the United States. (truegazette.com)
Patients are matched to organs based on a number of factors, including blood and tissue type, medical urgency, the recipient's time on the waiting list and geographical location. (acentria.com)
Finally, most patients perceive xenotransplantation as an acceptable bridge to transplantation of human organs in life-threatening situations. (medscape.com)
d cross-sectional study with data from the records of neurocritical patients and potential organ donors between 2018 and 2019, being analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate multinomial logistic regression. (bvsalud.org)

ITASCA, Ill. - Gift of Hope Organ & Tissue Donor Network announces Dave Bosch as the new Chief Operating Officer. (giftofhope.org)
Gift of Hope Organ & Tissue Donor Network and Norwegian American Hospital in Chicago unveiled. (giftofhope.org)
KODA was formed to establish a statewide educational and procurement network. (prospermediagroup.com)

And approximately 54 percent of adults in the U.S. are on the organ donor registry (though 95 percent support organ donation). (superlawyers.com)
There is also a separate section in the Arzona Revised Statutes that authorizes the Arizona Department of Transportation to transfer executed documents of anatomical gifts to an organ procurement organization that maintains an anatomical gift registry, i.e. (deconcinimcdonald.com)
Bringing lifesaving education to all its visitors, sharing organ donor education, and proudly adding at least 1,000 new organ, eye, and tissue donors to the NYS registry. (palisadescenter.com)
LifeGift , Southwest Transplant Alliance and Texas Organ Sharing Alliance are founding members of the Donate Life Texas registry. (donatelife-texas.org)
The Department and any provider under contract to establish and maintain the first person consent organ and tissue donor registry and related sites, are acting on behalf of the Department. (donatelifemissouri.org)

On the other hand, a donor can provide 8 lifesaving organs-plus improve as many as 50 lives by eyes and tissue donation. (superlawyers.com)
Over the past 28 years, and living in four states, I have worked to obtain consent from donor families and facilitated the organ, eye and tissue donation process including managing, recovering and transplanting donated organs, eyes and tissue. (transplanthouseofcleveland.org)

There are over 123,000 people on the national organ transplantation waiting list and only about 1,100 donors. (acentria.com)

The transmission of rabies virus through cornea transplantation has been described, but transmission through solid organ transplantation was not recognized before 2004. (cdc.gov)
These immunosuppressants have resulted in a significant improvement in the outcome of solid organ transplantation over the past few decades. (medscape.com)

Organ donation and transplantation involves transferring organs or tissues from one individual (the donor) into another person's body (the recipient). (acentria.com)
The process of matching a donor heart with a recipient involves a complex set of criteria, including blood type, body size, and tissue compatibility. (resolvemedicalbills.com)
This medical procedure involves the extraction and transfer of organs or tissues from a donor to a recipient, showcasing the critical role preservation solutions play in reducing organ damage during transportation and storage. (tbrc.info)
Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of nonhuman tissues or organs into human recipients. (medscape.com)

Despite numerous efforts, living donor kidney transplant remains low among pediatric recipients with continued racial disparities among recipients. (nih.gov)
While most deceased donor recipients receive a kidney from a donor with KDPI less than 35%, the majority of pediatric recipients had four or more HLA mismatches. (nih.gov)
Xenografts have been proposed as appropriate for infants who are physically too small to accommodate organs retrieved from adult or pediatric donors. (medscape.com)

The same applies to nascent techniques such as machine perfusion (in which oxygen and nutrients are pumped through organs outside the human body, in order to preserve them for longer or even make them suitable for transplantation). (eurotransplant.org)
Tissue typing is routinely performed for all donors and transplant candidates to help match the donor with the most suitable recipients to help decrease the likelihood of rejecting the transplanted organ. (hrsa.gov)
Every potential donor is evaluated on a case-by-case basis at the time of their death to determine which organs and tissues are suitable for donation. (core.org)

Collecting an organ from a donor is known as retrieval or procurement . (howstuffworks.com)

The letter cites a recent report by the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, which found that some procurement groups are paying donors up to $10,000 for their organs. (truegazette.com)

The shortage of donor hearts highlights the urgent need for increased awareness about organ donation and the importance of registering as an organ donor. (resolvemedicalbills.com)

HRSA also provides staff and logistics support to the Advisory Committee on Organ Transplantation, which makes recommendations to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services on issues concerning organ donation and transplantation. (wikipedia.org)

Almost anyone of nearly any age and average health can donate an organ. (howstuffworks.com)
In these cases, two couples or even more can be brought together and the donor from one couple can donate an organ to the recipient from the second couple and vice versa. (eurotransplant.org)
How do I donate an organ to someone in my family? (giftofhope.org)

They developed the buttonhole technique for anastomosis of donor and recipient vessels in kidney transplantation to prevent thrombus formation. (medscape.com)

Finally, an explorative investigation into participants' subconscious thoughts of death following the organ donation story revealed that identifying a deceased organ donor prompts more thoughts of death in the perceiver (regardless of the number of recipients). (iucc.ac.il)

Therefore, it may prove challenging to implement West Nile virus screening of potential organ donors. (cdc.gov)

In this new role, he will oversee all Organ & Tissue Operations and Authorization departments, as well as Hospital Development, Partner Relations and Marketing & Communications. (giftofhope.org)

Government of Pakistan has success- fessional skills and ethically approved, · Does religion allow organ donation fully promulgated legislation. (who.int)
building an ethically focused national the World Medical Association and the · Can organs be obtained from the de- capacity for this vital service. (who.int)
The concept was pioneered a century ago, when transplanting human organs was considered ethically controversial. (medscape.com)

Laboratory and epidemiologic data substantiated this mode of virus transmission and documented that the organ donor had likely acquired West Nile virus through a blood transfusion. (cdc.gov)
3 days before organ procurement, the organ donor received a blood transfusion from a donor who had received a yellow fever vaccine 6 days before blood donation. (cdc.gov)

The recognition of this risk led to the screening of donors for some infectious agents, such as, HIV, which made the organ supply substantially safer. (cdc.gov)
The cases highlight the difficulties in diagnosing or recognizing clusters of infectious encephalitis among transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)

She fosters a culture of organ donation among hospital staff and addresses the emotional needs of families as their loved one gives the gift of life through organ donation. (core.org)
Donor families and transplant recipients can "plant" a forget-me-not flower dedication in the virtual Remembrance Garden, sharing the impact organ donation had on them personally. (aopo.org)
RTI Donor Services participates in the Pathways Thank You Letter Program as a way for transplant recipients to thank their donor families and express the impact their donation gift has had on their life. (rtix.com)
The Donor Memorial Pond, located at RTI's facility in Alachua, Florida, serves as a tribute to the many donors and their families that make the gift of life through tissue donation possible. (rtix.com)
SAEB appreciates the opportunity to represent our community, donor families, recipients, partnering surgeons and staff on the 2018 Donate Life Float. (donatelifetx.org)
Otherwise, a patient's privacy is maintained for both donor families and recipients. (core.org)
We work hard to tell the incredible story of the need for organ donation and transplantation with the help of a volunteer speakers bureau and dedicated Lifebanc board members who represent donor families, recipients and loved ones of those that have died waiting for a transplant. (transplanthouseofcleveland.org)
Without donors and their families, there are no transplant recipients. (organdonor.gov)

Additionally, due to the complexity of organ transplantation, necessary involvement from highly trained medical professionals, the process of matching donors with recipients, the need for modern medical facilities, and the support required for transplantation, it would be impossible for organs to be bought or sold on the black market. (core.org)

Of the 178,000+ people who passed away in Texas in 2013, only about 3,500 were potentially eligible for organ donation. (donatelifetexas.org)
By replacing a diseased or malfunctioning heart with a healthy one, the recipient can regain their quality of life and potentially extend their lifespan. (resolvemedicalbills.com)

The Amish support organ donation if there's a relative certainty of success for the recipient, but they're more reluctant if the probable outcome is questionable. (howstuffworks.com)
These Principles were the outcome of a process that began in 1987 when the Health Assembly first expressed concern, in resolution WHA40.13, about the commercial trade in human organs. (who.int)

Eurotransplant is a non-profit service organization which facilitates patient-oriented allocation and cross border exchange of deceased donor organs. (eurotransplant.org)
It facilitates organ and tissue donation in Arizona and other states. (deconcinimcdonald.com)

Since 2002, several types of emerging donor-derived infections have been reported with increasing frequency among solid organ transplant recipients seeking medical care for encephalitis. (cdc.gov)
In July 2004, CDC was notified that 3 recipients of solid organs and 1 recipient of an iliac artery segment from a common donor had died from encephalitis, which was eventually found to be caused by rabies virus infection. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy1

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Humanities2

Information Science2

Named Groups2

Health Care27

Geographicals1

Transplants28

Centers7

Designated organ procurement organization3

Kidneys4

Organizations10

Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients1

OPOs1

OPTN2

Kentucky Organ Donor Affiliates1

Living Donors2

Awaiting an organ transplant2

Critical shortage2

Liver5

Recovery of organs2

Graft survival1

Science of organ transplantation2

Corneas3

Human Organ Transplantation2

Cells and tissues2

Donors to recipients1

United Network4

Transplantable1

Transplantations4

Process of assess1

Nation's organ2

Allograft2

Weeks after undergoing tra1

Patients11

Network3

Registry5

Eyes and tissue2

Transplantation wait1

Solid organ transplantation2

Involves4

Pediatric3

Suitable3

Retrieval1

10,0001

Donation and the importance1

Concerning organ donation1

Donate an organ3

Kidney Transplantation1

Deceased organ donor1

Potential organ donors1

Oversee1

Ethically3

Blood transfusion2

Infectious2

Families8

Additionally1

Potentially2

Outcome2

Facilitates2

Encephalitis2