• Various GABAergic neuron types of the amygdala cooperate to control principal cell firing during fear-related and other behaviors, and understanding their specialized roles is important. (jneurosci.org)
  • Among GABAergic neurons, the so-called intercalated cells (ITCcs) are critically involved in the expression and extinction of fear memory. (jneurosci.org)
  • We demonstrate that L-ITCcs are GABAergic, and strongly express metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α and GABA A receptor α1 subunit, together with moderate levels of parvalbumin. (jneurosci.org)
  • The highest density of GABAergic neurons is present in the so-called intercalated cell (ITCc) masses, which surround the deep amygdaloid nuclei ( Millhouse, 1986 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we describe the developmental effects of excessive peripheral NRG1 signals on synaptic activity and AMPA receptor expression of GABAergic interneurons in postnatal rodent neocortex. (nih.gov)
  • Injected eNRG1 penetrated the blood-brain barrier and activated ErbB4 NRG1 receptors in the neocortex, in which ErbB4 mRNA is predominantly expressed by parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. (nih.gov)
  • Examination of excitatory inputs to parvalbumin-containing GABAergic interneurons revealed that eNRG1 treatment significantly increased AMPA-triggered inward currents and the amplitudes and frequencies of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). (nih.gov)
  • Cortical GABAergic neurons cultured with eNRG1 exhibited a significant increase in surface GluA1 immunoreactivity at putative synaptic sites on their dendrites. (nih.gov)
  • These results indicate that NRG1 circulating in the periphery influences postnatal development of synaptic AMPA receptor expression in cortical GABAergic interneurons and may play a role in conditions characterized by GABA-associated neuropathologic processes. (nih.gov)
  • Mu opioid receptors (MORs), which are located in parvalbumin (PARV)-containing GABAergic interneurons and are trafficked in response to changes in the hormonal environment, play a critical role in promoting principal cell excitability and long-term potentiation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Kainate type glutamate receptors (KARs) are strongly expressed in GABAergic interneurons and have the capability of modulating their functions via ionotropic and G-protein coupled mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we show that GABAergic neurotransmission and spontaneous network activity is perturbed in the hippocampus of neonatal mice lacking GluK1 KARs selectively in GABAergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In adult male mice, the absence of GluK1 in GABAergic neurons led to stronger hippocampal gamma oscillations and enhanced theta-gamma cross frequency coupling, coinciding with faster spatial relearning in the Barnes maze. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both mechanisms result in increased activation of GABAergic neurons, suggesting that the physiological role of interneuronal GluK1 KARs is to act as a feedback mechanism to maintain the network excitability in a critical range during developmental and activity-dependent fluctuations in the levels of endogenous glutamate [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8-expressing nerve terminals target subsets of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Promising evidence points to the direction of GluK1 subunit containing kainate receptors (KARs) having a role in the modulation of GABAergic transmission in the lateral amygdala (LA). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether dysfunction of KARs contribute to stress-induced amygdala hyperexcitability and anxiogenesis in mice. (helsinki.fi)
  • Patch clamp recordings of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents showed that CRS did not affect synaptic GABAergic transmission to the principal neurons in the LA. Lastly, conditional knock-out (cKO) mice that have the Grik1 gene knocked out selectively in the PV-expressing interneurons showed no change in anxiety-like behavior after CRS while their wild-type counterparts demonstrated an increase in anxiety-like behavior observable in the elevated plus maze test. (helsinki.fi)
  • Syngap1 haploinsufficiency in GABAergic neurons originating from the medial ganglionic eminence reduces the number of perisomatic innervation formed by parvalbuminexpressing basket cells and reduces inhibitory synaptic activity. (umontreal.ca)
  • The entorhinal cortex and other hippocampal and parahippocampal cortices are interconnected by a small number of GABAergic nonpyramidal neurons in addition to glutamatergic pyramidal cells. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Since GABAergic projection neurons typically have low perikaryal levels of GABAergic markers it is actually possible that most or all of the amygdalar LRNP neurons are GABAergic. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Like GABAergic LRNP neurons in hippocampal/parahippocampal regions amygdalar LRNP neurons that project to the entorhinal cortex are most likely involved in synchronizing oscillatory activity between the two regions. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Keywords: retrograde tract tracing long-range GABAergic neurons parasubiculum entorhinal cortex nonpyramidal neurons prefrontal cortex The parahippocampal region consisting of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices is an important part of the medial temporal lobe memory system (Squire and Zola-Morgan 1991 It relays sensory information from the neocortex to the hippocampus and then transmits hippocampal outputs back to the neocortex for memory storage. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • 2013 In fact all major portions of the medial temporal lobe memory system are interconnected by various subpopulations of nonpyramidal GABAergic projection YM-53601 neurons (Jinno 2009 Caputi et al. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • A second research interest in my laboratory integrates electrophysiology, rodent models of cognitive flexibility, and a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia to examine changes in prefrontal cortex pyramidal neuron and GABAergic interneuron signaling in hopes of identifying cellular correlates of prefrontal cortical dysfunction responsible for cognitive impairments observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. (mu.edu)
  • Mouse models of Rett syndrome and others bearing human autism risk variants show a decrease in parvalbumin-stained GABAergic interneurons. (sfari.org)
  • We propose that, during salient sensory stimulation, L-ITCcs disinhibit local and distant principal neurons, acting as "hub cells," to orchestrate the activity of a distributed network. (jneurosci.org)
  • 2003 The principal neurons in the CBL are pyramidal-like projection neurons that utilize glutamate as an excitatory neurotransmitter whereas most nonpyramidal neurons in the CBL are interneurons that utilize GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Tulane University researchers have discovered that chemogenetic Gq activation and 1 adrenoreceptor activation in mouse BLA parvalbumin (PV) interneurons cause previously undescribed stereotyped phasic bursting in PV neurons, as well as time-locked synchronized bursts of inhibitory postsynaptic currents and phasic firing in BLA principal neurons. (mdforlives.com)
  • We also review current models for the mechanisms of GABA-mediated synchronization of neural activity, focusing on parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons, which are altered in schizophrenia and whose function has been strongly linked to the production of neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast, delta-opioid receptor (DOR) agonists disinhibited ACC pyramidal neuron responses to MThal inputs by suppressing local feed-forward GABA signaling from parvalbumin-positive interneurons. (elifesciences.org)
  • Enhancement of GABA release through endogenous activation of axonal GABA(A) receptors in juvenile cerebellum. (sppin.fr)
  • Activation of presynaptic GABA(A) receptors induces glutamate release from parallel fiber synapses. (sppin.fr)
  • Th ese include genes coding for GABA and endocannabinoid receptors, which are usually downregulated during epileptogenesis, opening up the possibility of interfering with their expression by gene therapy approaches to block the development of recurrent seizures. (lu.se)
  • Our group's current research aims to develop and apply an on-demand, controllable gene expression technology, based on guide RNAs and a catalytically inactive Cas9, targeting the expression of GABA and CB1 receptors for the control of epileptogenesis. (lu.se)
  • A major emphasis in my research is using ex vivo brain slice electrophysiology to study how repeated opiate exposure modifies glutamate and gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-mediated synaptic strength in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens - two highly inter-connected brain regions involved in decision-making and reward. (mu.edu)
  • Additional studies focus on drug-induced adaptations in prefrontal cortex inhibitory signaling mediated by GABA and dopamine and how these modifications alter activation of layer 5/6 pyramidal neurons. (mu.edu)
  • This was accompanied by altered GABA-A receptor subunit composition, increased dendritic complexity of apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons, and enhanced neuronal activation revealed by increased c-Fos-positive cell numbers within hippocampi of PNFlx-treated animals in adulthood. (scite.ai)
  • Because it was not suppressed by blocking ionotropic glutamate and GABA receptors and was not induced by sustained photostimulation of BLA PV neurons, the PV neuron phasic bursting was determined to be mediated by a postsynaptic intrinsic Gq signaling mechanism rather than local circuits or depolarization-induced activation. (mdforlives.com)
  • Results revealed opposing roles of the MORs and DORs regarding information flow from the thalamus to the striatum, whereby MOR activation decreased glutamate transmission in the striatum, while DOR activation facilitated glutamate transmission via disinhibition of cortical pyramidal neurons. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mouse models of fragile X syndrome exhibit a higher density of dendritic spines in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. (sfari.org)
  • PNFlx treatment evoked a significant decline in PNN number, with a robust reduction in PNNs deposited around parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, within the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subfields at postnatal day (P)21 in Sprague Dawley rat pups. (scite.ai)
  • PNFlx treatment did not alter hippocampal PV, calretinin (CalR), or Reelin-positive neuron numbers in PNFlx animals at P21 or in adulthood. (scite.ai)
  • Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists potently inhibited MThal inputs without affecting ACC inputs to individual striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). (elifesciences.org)
  • Current studies focus on identifying alterations in intrinsic cell membrane properties (i.e., excitability), presynaptic glutamate release and postsynaptic signaling mediated by ionotropic AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors in medium spiny neurons and pyramidal cells -- the two principal cell-types in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex respectively. (mu.edu)
  • Jedynak J1, Hearing M1, Kelly M, Ingebretson AE, Fischer R, Ebner SR, Thomas MJ (2016) Cocaine and amphetamine induce overlapping but distinct patterns of AMPAR plasticity in nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons. (mu.edu)
  • We prepared neocortical slices from juvenile mice that were receiving eNRG1 subchronically and recorded inhibitory synaptic activity from layer V pyramidal neurons. (nih.gov)
  • Similar effects on mEPSCs were observed in mice treated with a soluble, full-length form of NRG1 type I. Consistent with the electrophysiologic data, expression of the AMPA receptor GluA1 (i.e. (nih.gov)
  • According to new research from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, the loss of an important inhibitory neuron receptor in the brain may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism in mice. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • Terrence Sejnowski, the head of Salk's Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, explains, "We found that without this receptor in the parvalbumin cells, mice have many serious behavioral deficits, and a lot of them really mimic closely what we see in schizophrenia. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • Signal spikes: Mice lacking a receptor that mediates excitatory brain signals (left) have weaker coordinated brain activity than controls do (right). (spectrumnews.org)
  • In the new study, researchers engineered mice to have significantly fewer NMDA receptors than in controls. (spectrumnews.org)
  • Furthermore, we show that two mice models exhibiting mTOR hyperactivation in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons had contextual fear memory deficits. (umontreal.ca)
  • Here, we used mice with neuron type-targeted expression of the presynaptic gain-of-function glycine receptor RNA variant GlyR {beta}3L(185L) to genetically enhance the network activity of PV interneurons. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • The same was true for parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the ventral hippocampus, which was generally augmented in the GlyR mutant mice and correlated with individual freezing levels. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Research in my laboratory primarily employs a model of drug self-administration in mice genetically altered to express fluorescent proteins in specific sub-populations of neurons. (mu.edu)
  • The P2X7 receptor was identified as a miR-22 target and co-injection of a P2X7 receptor antagonist mitigated the epilepsy phenotype in mice given the ASO inhibitor of miR-22 [ 16 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Using a combination of biochemical, behavioral, and imaging approaches, we found that mice lacking mTOR in VIP neurons displayed erratic circadian behavior and weakened synchronization among cells in the SCN, the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. (concordia.ca)
  • Odor-evoked c-Fos responses along the olfactory pathway were abolished in mice lacking mTOR in VIP neurons, which is consistent with reduced olfactory sensitivity in these animals. (concordia.ca)
  • 2019 ) Acute Chemogenetic Activation of CamKIIα-Positive Forebrain Excitatory Neurons Regulates Anxiety-Like Behaviour in Mice. (neurotree.org)
  • Tau knockout exacerbates degeneration of parvalbumin-positive neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata in Parkinson's disease-related α-synuclein A53T mice. (omicsdi.org)
  • To investigate how the expression of tau affects α-syn-induced neurodegeneration in vivo, we generated triple transgenic mice that overexpressed α-syn A53T mutation in the midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) with different expression levels of tau. (omicsdi.org)
  • neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR), accompanied with anxiety-like behavior in aged PD-related α-syn A53T mice. (omicsdi.org)
  • Here we compared the sound-evoked responses of posterior striatal neurons that form the striatal direct pathway (and express the dopamine receptor D 1 ) to the responses of neighboring neurons in naive mice. (eneuro.org)
  • We achieved this via optogenetic photo-identification of D 1 -expressing neurons during extracellular electrophysiological recordings in awake head-fixed mice of both sexes. (eneuro.org)
  • Von Economo neurons are present in the dorsolateral (dysgranular) prefrontal cortex of humans. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Optimal working memory (WM), the mental ability to internally maintain and manipulate task-relevant information, requires coordinated activity of dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortical (DLPFC) neurons. (qxmd.com)
  • The medium-sized NK1R-positive neurons coexpressed parvalbumin and appear to represent a hitherto unknown striatal interneuron. (ulaval.ca)
  • Both metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors have been shown to have an effect on synaptic plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, metabotropic glutamate receptors may modulate synaptic plasticity by regulating postsynaptic protein synthesis through second messenger systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) affect the cell through a signal transduction cascade, and they may be primarily activating (mGlur1/5) or primarily inhibitory (mGlur2/3 and mGlur4/6/7/8). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ionotropic receptors tend to be quicker in relaying information, but metabotropic ones are associated with a more prolonged stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The signalling cascade induced by metabotropic receptor activation means that even a relatively brief or small synaptic signal can have large and long-lasting effects, i.e. the system can have high "gain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, L-ITCcs are innervated by fibers enriched with metabotropic glutamate receptors 7a and/or 8a. (jneurosci.org)
  • Presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) show a highly selective expression and subcellular location in nerve terminals modulating neurotransmitter release. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 9. Banko JL, Hou L, Poulin F, Sonenberg N, Klann E (2006) Regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E by converging signaling pathways during metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression. (concordia.ca)
  • Glutamate receptors are responsible for the glutamate-mediated postsynaptic excitation of neural cells, and are important for neural communication, memory formation, learning, and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • An increase or decrease in the number of ionotropic glutamate receptors on a postsynaptic cell may lead to long-term potentiation or long-term depression of that cell, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results reveal numerous examples where neuron subtype-specific gene expression, as well as splice-isoform usage, can explain functional differences between neuron subtypes, including in presynaptic plasticity, postsynaptic receptor function, and synaptic connectivity specification. (jneurosci.org)
  • Syngap1 haploinsufficiency increases activity level of Ras-ERK-mTOR, causing excessive insertion of AMPA receptor at the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory neurons and affects spine morphology. (umontreal.ca)
  • Superior specificity is achieved by combining Cre-mediated AAVR overexpression with whole-body knockout of endogenous Aavr , which is demonstrated in heart cardiomyocytes, liver hepatocytes and cholinergic neurons. (nature.com)
  • tracing with immunohistochemistry for the amygdalar nonpyramidal cell markers glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) parvalbumin (PV) somatostatin (SOM) neuropeptide Y (NPY) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the m2 muscarinic cholinergic receptor (M2R). (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Developmental changes in parvalbumin regulate presynaptic Ca2+ signaling. (sppin.fr)
  • A subset of cortical somatostatin (SST) neurons, the Martinotti cells, gate top down input by inhibiting the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in laye. (researchgate.net)
  • Cortical circuit activity is shaped by the parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons that inhibit principal excitatory (EXC) neurons and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons that suppress activation of other interneurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • The majority of M2-positive neurons were mGluR8 innervated, but a minority, which expresses somatostatin, was not. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We sorted excitatory neurons and key inhibitory neuron subtypes from mouse brains and assessed differential mRNA expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • Baker KD , 2021 , 'Does maternal separation accelerate maturation of perineuronal nets and parvalbumin-containing inhibitory interneurons in male and female rats? (edu.au)
  • Injections of FG into the rat entorhinal cortex labeled numerous neurons that were mainly located in the cortical and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • The researchers from Tulane University found that the stress neurotransmitter norepinephrine, commonly known as noradrenaline, increases fear processing in the brain by stimulating a specific population of inhibitory neurons in the amygdala to generate a recurrent bursting pattern of electrical discharges. (mdforlives.com)
  • Although most of these amygdalar FG+ neurons labeled by entorhinal injections were large pyramidal cells 1 were IFITM1 smaller long-range nonpyramidal neurons (LRNP neurons) that expressed SOM or both SOM and NPY. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) form the ion channel pore that activates when glutamate binds to the receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aijón, J. (1997) Calretinin- and parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat main olfactory bulb do not express NADPH-diaphorase activity. (uv.es)
  • The expression of neurokinin-1 receptor at striatal and pallidal levels in normal human brain. (ulaval.ca)
  • To further our knowledge of the site of action of substance P (SP) in the human basal ganglia, we applied single- and double-antigen localization methods to human postmortem tissue to compare the distribution of SP and its high affinity receptor neurokinin-1 (NK1R) at striatal and pallidal levels. (ulaval.ca)
  • The three types of striatal NK1R-positive neurons were preferentially localized in the peripheral region of the striosomes, which were identified by their intense immunostaining for the limbic system-associated membrane protein. (ulaval.ca)
  • Results from previous studies indicate that neurons in this striatal region display selective responses to sounds. (eneuro.org)
  • We found that the frequency tuning of sound-responsive direct-pathway striatal neurons is comparable with that of their sound-responsive neighbors. (eneuro.org)
  • Subsets of neurons in the striatum (a brain area associated with motor control and the integration of reward information) receive inputs from the auditory system, yet what features of sounds are accessible to specific striatal cell classes is not well understood. (eneuro.org)
  • We found that multiple classes of posterior striatal neurons have access to detailed spectrotemporal acoustic features and could therefore potentially influence behavioral responses according to these properties of sounds. (eneuro.org)
  • A key step toward understanding the processing of sounds by striatal circuits and the role of different striatal cells in auditory learning is the characterization of sound-evoked responses by distinct striatal neuron classes in naive animals. (eneuro.org)
  • Rare neurons coexpressing calretinin and M2 were consistently targeted by mGluR8-positive boutons. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Parvalbumin-positive (PV) basket cells provide perisomatic inhibition in the cortex and hippocampus and control generation of memory-related network activity patterns, such as sharp wave ripples (SPW-R). Deterioration of this class of fast-spiking interneurons has been observed in neuropsychiatric disorders and evidence from animal models suggests their involvement in the acquisition and extinction of fear memories. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Here, we compared the effects of acute and chronic immobilization stress (AIS and CIS) on MOR trafficking in PARV-containing neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus in female and male rats using dual label immunoelectron microscopy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Glutamate receptors are synaptic and non synaptic receptors located primarily on the membranes of neuronal and glial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Importantly, activity recordings at the level of single neurons, neuronal networks or even entire brain regions consistently show hyperexcitability in the early stages of AD (summarized in Table 1 ). (nature.com)
  • An in situ hybridization experiment was performed to investigate how CRS affects expression levels of GluK1 in the different neuronal populations in the LA. These data show that CRS leads to downregulation of GluK1 expression in the parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons specifically. (helsinki.fi)
  • Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)
  • NMDA receptor activation is particularly complex, as channel opening requires not only glutamate binding but also glycine or serine binding simultaneously at a separate site, and it also displays a degree of voltage dependence due to Zn2+ or Mg2+ binding in the pore. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, Ca2+ currents through the NMDA receptor modulate not just the membrane potential but act as an important second messenger system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Current and calcium responses to local activation of axonal NMDA receptors in developing cerebellar molecular layer interneurons. (sppin.fr)
  • Excitatory signals are mediated by several different classes of proteins, including NMDA receptors. (spectrumnews.org)
  • Mutations in genes that code for NMDA receptors have been linked to both schizophrenia and autism 2 . (spectrumnews.org)
  • 2022 ) Chronic hM3Dq-DREADD-mediated chemogenetic activation of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons in postnatal life alters anxiety and despair-like behavior in adulthood in a task- and sex-dependent manner. (neurotree.org)
  • One of the major functions of glutamate receptors appears to be the modulation of synaptic plasticity, a property of the brain thought to be vital for memory and learning. (wikipedia.org)
  • These oscillations could entrain synchronous firing of amygdalar and entorhinal pyramidal neurons thus facilitating functional interactions between them including synaptic plasticity. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Thyroid hormone is a well-known regulator of metabolic and cardiovascular functions, and signaling through thyroid receptors has differential effects on cells depending on the receptor isoform that they express. (jci.org)
  • Knockin mouse models demonstrate differential contributions of synaptotagmin-1 and -2 as receptors for botulinum neurotoxins. (harvard.edu)
  • We provide a searchable web resource for exploring differential mRNA expression and splice form usage between excitatory, PV, SST, and VIP neurons ( http://research-pub.gene.com/NeuronSubtypeTranscriptomes ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Of the many specific subtypes of glutamate receptors, it is customary to refer to primary subtypes by a chemical that binds to it more selectively than glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several compounds are routinely used in glutamate receptor research and associated with receptor subtypes: Due to the diversity of glutamate receptors, their subunits are encoded by numerous gene families. (wikipedia.org)
  • SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the basis of functional specialization of neuron subtypes and identifying drug targets for manipulating circuit function requires comprehensive information on cell-type-specific transcriptional profiles. (jneurosci.org)
  • This analysis reveals numerous examples of neuron subtype-specific isoform usage with functional importance, identifies potential drug targets, and provides insight into the neuron subtypes involved in psychiatric disease. (jneurosci.org)
  • Research shows that glutamate receptors are present in CNS glial cells as well as neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • These glutamate receptors are suggested to play a role in modulating gene expression in glial cells, both during the proliferation and differentiation of glial precursor cells in brain development and in mature glial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In an in vivo and in an ex vivo slice model, this Gq-coupled receptor activation in PV neurons suppresses gamma oscillations and enhances fear memory recall, which is similar to BLA gamma suppression during conditioned fear expression. (mdforlives.com)
  • Axonal speeding: shaping synaptic potentials in small neurons by the axonal membrane compartment. (sppin.fr)
  • Numerous NK1R expressing neurons also occurred in both external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of the globus pallidus, as well as in the ventral pallidum (GPv). (ulaval.ca)
  • Arora D1, Hearing MC1, Haluk DM, Mirkovic K, Fajardo-Serrano A, Wessendorf MW, Watanabe M, Luján R, Wickman K (2011) Acute cocaine exposure weakens GABAB receptor-dependent Girk signaling in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area. (mu.edu)
  • Gallo E.F., Meszaros J., Sherman J.D., Chohan M.O., Teboul E., Choi C.S., Moore H., Javitch J.A., Kellendonk C. (2018) Accumbens Dopamine D2 Receptors increase motivation by decreasing inhibitory transmission to the ventral pallidum Nature Communications 14;9(1):1086. (columbiapsychiatry.org)
  • This balance is determined in part by the number and function of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the excitability of input and output neurons and the ability of microcircuits to compensate for synaptic alterations, known as synaptic homeostasis. (sfari.org)
  • In response to Gq activation mediated by the 1A and hM3D receptors, they observed recurrent bursts of action potentials in PV interneurons. (mdforlives.com)
  • This activity largely depends on recurrent connections between parvalbumin positive inhibitory interneurons and pyramidal neurons in more superficial DLPFC layers. (qxmd.com)
  • We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)
  • Interneurons strongly immunopositive for the muscarinic M2 or the mGlu1 receptors were the primary targets of mGluR8-containing terminals in the stratum oriens, but only neurochemically distinct subsets were innervated by mGluR8-enriched terminals. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To understand the molecular-genetic basis of functional specialization and identify potential drug targets specific to each neuron subtype, we performed a genome wide assessment of both gene expression and splicing across EXC, PV, SST and VIP neurons from male and female mouse brains. (jneurosci.org)
  • Inherited and age-related retinal degenerative diseases cause progressive loss of rod and cone photoreceptors, leading to blindness, but spare downstream retinal neurons, which can be targeted for optogenetic therapy. (researchgate.net)
  • We use transgenic and viral approaches to expresses dopamine D2 receptors or optogenetic and chemo-genetic tools in defined circuits of the brain. (columbiapsychiatry.org)
  • Postnatal Sox6 Regulates Synaptic Function of Cortical Parvalbumin-Expressing Neurons. (harvard.edu)
  • There are a lot of clinical trials ongoing looking at modulating mGluR5 for anxiety and Fragile X Syndrome, but our results suggest that if you affect parvalbumin neurons, you might get behavioral changes you weren't expecting," says Behrens. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • This behavioral approach is used in combination with slice electrophysiology and utilizes genetic incorporation of light-sensitive ion channels (optogenetics) and retrograde neuron-tract tracers that allows us to isolate discrete forms of plasticity occurring within select neural circuits. (mu.edu)
  • Reduction in glutamate-receptor activity by genetic or pharmacological means reverses cellular and behavioral deficits in fragile X mouse models. (sfari.org)
  • Genes encoding proteins that affect neurotransmitter release, receptor function and inactivation have been implicated in autism. (sfari.org)
  • This resource, combining a unique new dataset and novel application of analysis methods to multiple relevant datasets, identifies numerous potential drug targets for manipulating circuit function, reveals neuron subtype-specific roles for disease-linked genes, and is useful for understanding gene expression changes observed in human patient brains. (jneurosci.org)
  • 2019 ) 5-HT receptor loss does not alter acute fluoxetine-induced anxiety and exhibit sex-dependent regulation of cortical immediate early gene expression. (neurotree.org)
  • provide evidence that thyroid hormone receptors are essential for the formation of a population of parvalbuminergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamus, linking, for the first time, impaired thyroid hormone signaling during development to cellular deficits in the hypothalamus. (jci.org)