Nuclear ReceptorsLymphoid organsSexual differentiationHormonesDifferentiationThymusNeonatesReproductivePrenatalDiabetes of the youngLeydigThyroid hormoneEpithelialGeneNeonatalTubularTissuesStagesCellLiverGenesDependentDevelopmentDifferencesAdultCellsStageLifeDiseaseOccurSpecificBrainBodyGrowthMajorPresenceImportantWeeksFunctionExpressionHistory
Nuclear Receptors1
- Hormones are recognised by either cell surface receptors (modified amino acids, peptides, proteins) or cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors (steroids). (edu.au)
Lymphoid organs3
- Human immune cells are used to develop human lymphoid organs within these immunodeficient mice, and many different types of SCID mouse models have been developed. (wikipedia.org)
- This results in a lack of B and T cells in the thymus and in the secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)
- Immune compromised mice have become of particular interest for studying the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), how it interacts with the host in human lymphoid organs, as well as how treatments work in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Sexual differentiation2
- Of these, three miRNAs were differentially expressed miRNAs and 18 miRNAs involved in sexual differentiation as determined by functional analysis with GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis. (peerj.com)
- Gonads are the principal reproductive organs that are involved in sexual differentiation wherein they are involved in the production of sex hormones and gametes. (peerj.com)
Hormones6
- The effect of early exposure to Cd on sexual incentive motivation (SIM) and MSB in adult stage, and the immunoreactivity of receptors for hormones such as estrogens and androgens in brain regions that are relevant for the SIM and MSB display, have not been studied until now. (bvsalud.org)
- The signal (PAF, or other tissue/cell specific factors) comes from the stimulated (by the e.g., hypophyseal hormones, bacteria, external factors, etc.) organs or cells, and activates platelets. (biomedcentral.com)
- The prerequisite results in increased end-organ feeling to low levels of circulating sex hormones and leads to untimely pubic whisker and breast development. (daubnet.com)
- The endocrine glands produce hormones, which are distributed by the vascular system to the many body tissues, subsequently these organs are richly vascularized. (edu.au)
- Hormones "orchestrate" responses in other tissues, including other endocrine organs, and these overall effects can be similar or different in different tissues. (edu.au)
- Sex hormones from the gonads have significant effects prenatally and postnatally, specifically at puberty with a role to play in male/female biological maturity and have wide actions throughout the body. (edu.au)
Differentiation4
- Moreover, we aimed to address the hypothesis that the extent and timing of proliferation, differentiation, and maturation proccesses during prenatal development contribute to postnatal numerical, morphological and functional properties of the mammary gland. (biomedcentral.com)
- During the differentiation at fetal stages the fate of cells towards their specialization as member of a population of cells typical for a tissue or organ is programmed. (biomedcentral.com)
- Differentiation of several also organs involves a epithelial/mesenchye interaction, seen in repeated in many differentiation of many different tissues. (edu.au)
- Animal miRNA are involved in neuronal cell fate, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, aging, apoptosis and organ morphogenesis, suggest that miRNAs are particularly critical in the development, health, and aging of animals ( Ameres & Zamore, 2013 ). (peerj.com)
Thymus1
- Some examples include SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice, which are given human fetal thymus and liver cells, hu-SRC-SCID mice, which are implanted with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), and hu-PBL-SCID mice, in which human peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been injected. (wikipedia.org)
Neonates2
- Studies indicate that there is an increase in T 3 receptors in the neonates [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The fetal hemoglobin may play a protective role against coronavirus in neonates. (thieme-connect.com)
Reproductive2
- Recent research also has thrown lights upon a significant role of orexins, especially orexin A, in regulation of male reproductive functions owing to their receptor expressions in vital testicular cells, such as Leydig cells, Sertoli cells as well as spermatozoa at different developmental stages, even in the epididymis and penis. (researchgate.net)
- The major organs of the female reproductive system are located inside the pelvic cavity. (edu.vn)
Prenatal1
- The differential expression between the two breeds at fetal stages likely reflects the prenatal initiation of postnatal phenotypes concerning the number and shape as well as functionality of teats. (biomedcentral.com)
Diabetes of the young3
- Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) type 3 is a dominantly inherited form of diabetes, which is often misdiagnosed as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). (jci.org)
- Diabetes in subjects with hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α gene mutations (maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]-3) is characterized by impaired insulin secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α gene cause the most common form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), type 3 ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Leydig1
- Fetal type Leydig cells disappear soon after birth (during first 2 weeks after birth) and are replaced by adult type Leydig cells [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thyroid hormone1
- For example, insufficient maternal dietary iodine impacts on fetal thyroid gland thyroid hormone production, which in turn can lead to abnormal neural development. (edu.au)
Epithelial1
Gene1
- E-mail: PUBERTY AND ITS MEASUREMENT agreement with other methods and measures, fol- of kisspeptins from the KISS1 gene and its receptor, G lowed by methods of hormone measurement and protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) or KISS1r re- comparison of hormone concentrations to pubertal ceptor. (gotomydoctor.com)
Neonatal2
- There is are also significant changes between foetal life and neonatal physiology. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
- As with the respiratory system, and perhaps more so, there are significant changes that occur in the CVS to allow transition from foetal to neonatal life. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
Tubular1
- Therefore, it appears evident that the assessment of gonadal function and the definition of male hypogonadism should rely on the understanding of normal testicular physiology resulting from the integrated function of the tubular and interstitial compartments, and its developmental changes from fetal life through maturity [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissues2
- The endocrine system resides within specific endocrine organs and both organs and tissues with other specific functions. (edu.au)
- If we essentially know how different tissues and organs are kept healthy, we can then find out what goes wrong during disease. (ommegaonline.org)
Stages1
- Moreover, the mammary gland development at fetal stages is apparently autonomous. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell6
- This has implications for B and T cell receptor development, which is dependent upon such double-stranded breaks and subsequent repairs in order to rearrange V, D, J or V and J segments. (wikipedia.org)
- Although there are many immunologic and cytochemical differences between mature hu man T- and B-Iymphocytes, human T -cells are primarily distinguished by their participation in cell mediated immunity and possession of receptors for sheep red blood cells. (science-connections.com)
- particularly the Sertoli cells, which play a major role in spermatogenesis and are the main cell type in the testis which expresses T 3 receptors [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
- We tracked development from birth to 3 years of age in the slowest maturing organ, the brain, by measuring mass, neural stem cell proliferation, axonal, and dendritic maturation, synaptogenesis and myelination. (frontiersin.org)
- Specific maturational changes take place both in these organs as a whole and in the different cell types that make them up. (biomedcentral.com)
- γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
Liver1
- Most laboratory animals have the same set of organs - heart, lungs, liver, and so on which work in the same way as they do in human. (ommegaonline.org)
Genes1
- Thus we focused on differentially expressed genes and networks relevant to mammary complex development in two breeds that are subject to different selection pressure on number, shape and function of teats and show largely different prevalence of non-functional inverted teats. (biomedcentral.com)
Dependent1
- It was noted that the drug affects the eating behavior of the patients via endocannabioid−dependent CB1 receptors contributing to reduction of their body weight. (kh.ua)
Development3
- The development of the mammary gland is initiated during fetal stage. (biomedcentral.com)
- This hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis evolves throughout development, from fetal life through adulthood. (biomedcentral.com)
- This current page provides a general introduction to the endocrine system, use the links below to explore development of specific endocrine organs. (edu.au)
Differences1
- Examples of sex-dichotomous differences include aspects of the sex-specific genital organs such as ovaries , a uterus or a phallic urethra . (en-academic.com)
Adult1
- With a functional upward system, the child [or adult] can trust themselves and their gifts and learning uniquenesses through spiritual mindset with self-directed neuroplasticity through ABC's and atonement meaning God awareness (eventually unity) through PYAM Daily. (myelberteveryonelearnsbetterembracingrevolutionaryteaching.com)
Cells12
- Mice with SCIDs have lymphocyte progenitors, but these cells are unable to survive to maturity. (wikipedia.org)
- The absence of functional B cells results in an organism that is unable to produce antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- Each line of mouse has different functional and nonfunctional cells, making each suited for different experiments. (wikipedia.org)
- In particular, it has been observed that SCID mice with an added mutation for interleukin-2 receptor common gamma chain (IL2Rγ) are better able to accept transplantation of human HSC and create human B and T cells. (wikipedia.org)
- To understand the multifaced aspects of Parkinson's disease, it may be desirable to expand the complexity of these models, to include different brain regions, vasculature, immune cells as well as additional diverse organ-specific organoids such as gut and intestine. (nature.com)
- The elaboration of immunoglobulins and presence of receptors for EBV are most characteristic of human B-cells. (science-connections.com)
- 1976), indicating that these cells were T -lymphoblasts of relative maturity. (science-connections.com)
- AMH is secreted in high amounts by Sertoli cells from fetal life until the onset of puberty. (biomedcentral.com)
- Bone is the basic unit of the human skeletal system and provides the framework for and bears the weight of the body, protects the vital organs, supports mechanical movement, hosts hematopoietic cells, and maintains iron homeostasis. (medscape.com)
- The superior, anterior portions of the labia minora come together to encircle the clitoris (or glans clitoris), an organ that originates from the same cells as the glans penis and has abundant nerves that make it important in sexual sensation and orgasm. (edu.vn)
- Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
- At present, the phenotypic heterogeneity and functional variation of human γδ T cells are increasing. (explorationpub.com)
Stage2
- The disadvantages of epidural anaesthesia are that a few wom en com plain of dizziness or shivering, and that it m ay increase the length of the second stage and result in a rise in operative vaginal deliveries. (dnahelix.com)
- The other route of blood vessel formation is vasculogenesis, in which blood vessels are formed when angioblasts become differentiated during the fetal stage. (healthist.net)
Life2
- The major changes involve closure of the main shunts present in foetal life - the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
- The premature infant gut microbiome during the first 6 weeks of life differs based on gestational maturity at birth. (mbl.edu)
Disease1
- Some SCID mice are shown to reject skin grafts, so it has been proposed that this disease arises from a leaky mutation, meaning that some mice with SCIDs do in fact have a somewhat functional adaptive immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Occur1
- When PARS is upregulated, organ hyperfunction may occur that culminate in severe diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific1
- See also specific endocrine organ pages for more specific search options. (edu.au)
Brain1
- They're offered the freedom arising from conditions within the brain, senses, or sense organs and not directly caused not by external stimuli but the knowing with-in themselves which is patience for understanding and trusting in their subjective, divergent mind. (myelberteveryonelearnsbetterembracingrevolutionaryteaching.com)
Body2
- Once an individual has reached maturity, angiogenesis occurs regularly in the endometrium in response to the estrous cycle, as well as when the body is trying to repair an injury. (healthist.net)
- it is believed that it almost never occurs after the body reaches maturity. (healthist.net)
Growth2
- Morphological examination of placentas of 119 pregnant, of them 86 with the diagnosis of fetal growth retardation syndrome, was performed. (kh.ua)
- It was emphasized that at investigation of fetal growth retardation syndrome it is ne−cessary to pay attention to the factors determining maternal blood supply of the placenta, the most characteristic of which is disorder of blood circulation in the artery of the umbilical cord. (kh.ua)
Major1
- in particular in multiparous species like pigs the number and the shape of functional mammary gland complexes are major determinants of fitness. (biomedcentral.com)
Presence1
- Nevertheless, their distinctive armament of soluble mediators as well as the presence of surface receptors suggests that platelets must have further roles in several physiological and pathophysiological regulatory processes[ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Important1
- Careful restore is important, however even then half of the wom en have persisting anal incontinence (usually solely of atus) for about 6 m onths owing to poorly repaired sphincter dam age, and 4% have faecal incontinence. (dnahelix.com)
Weeks1
- Twelve weeks after giving delivery, 5% of wom en nonetheless expertise som e degree of ache and 15% have perineal discom fort. (dnahelix.com)
Function1
- The primary function of the orexin system, i.e. the orexins, their receptors and associated neuronal circuitries, perhaps is to increase spontaneous physical activity and food intake, thereby promoting an increase in energy expenditure. (researchgate.net)
Expression2
- The expression patterns of fetal mammary complexes obtained at 63 and 91 days post conception (dpc) from German Landrace (GL) and Pietrain (PI) were analyzed by Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine Genome Arrays. (biomedcentral.com)
- In conclusion, this work is the first report of sex-biased miRNAs expression in the budgerigar, and provides additional sequences to the avian miRNAome database which will foster further functional genomic research. (peerj.com)
History1
- Waldman and McCulloch and others investigated errors dueto fix level vs. This state illustrates theimportance of obtaining a functional assessment as a character of the history. (fosite.ru)