• CO depends on the amount of blood pumped with each heartbeat, known as stroke volume (SV), and the heart rate (HR). SV depends on the ventricular end-diastolic filling volume (commonly referred to as ventricular preload), the state of myocardial contractility, and the afterload (systemic vascular resistance [SVR]) on the heart. (medscape.com)
  • Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), cardiac index (CI), and stroke volume index (SVI) were measured continuously during − 0, − 20, and − 40 mmHg LBNP. (springer.com)
  • This study aimed to determine whether the function of systemic resistance arteries was altered in patients with NPG. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions: This study has identified dysfunction of the systemic vascular endothelial cell in patients with normal pressure glaucoma. (bmj.com)
  • It has been proposed that vascular dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of glaucoma and, in particular, NPG as this condition is associated with the presence of widespread cerebrovascular and systemic cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
  • It is conceivable that NPG is associated with a generalised vascular defect which produces alterations in both the ocular and systemic circulations. (bmj.com)
  • 9 Impaired systemic vascular function has been demonstrated in patients with NPG in whom blood flow in the fingers is reduced 10, 11 (both under basal conditions and following cold provocation) and endothelium dependent vasodilatation in the forearm is impaired. (bmj.com)
  • 12 The relatively small number of studies to have assessed vascular reactivity and blood flow in the systemic circulation of these patients, however, prevents identification of the mechanisms underlying these abnormalities. (bmj.com)
  • Using mice haploinsufficient for the insulin receptor (IRKO), versus wild-type (WT) littermate controls, it is possible to define the impact of systemic resistance on vascular biology, independent of hyperglycaemia. (bmj.com)
  • Systemic vascular resistance is usually decreased with administration of dobutamine. (drugs.com)
  • Thus, β-adrenergic receptor stimulation with either isoproterenol or norepinephrine is associated with a decrease in transhepatic vascular resistance and subsequent decreases in splanchnic and total systemic intravascular volume. (elsevierpure.com)
  • T3 causes arterial relaxation and reduction of systemic vascular resistance, resulting in an increase in cardiac output. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The pathogenesis of arterial hypertension often involves a rise in systemic vascular resistance (vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling) and impairment of salt excretion in the kidney (inappropriate salt retention despite elevated blood pressure). (nature.com)
  • 1. In 24 patients who were undergoing coronary arteriography for the assessment of ischaemic heart disease, the relationship between the systemic and coronary vascular responses to acute intravenous digoxin administration (500 μg) and concurrent drug therapy with the calcium antagonist verapamil (group I) or a β‐adrenoceptor antagonist (group II) or neither of these agents (group III) was examined. (biu.ac.il)
  • 4. For the entire group of 24 patients, no statistically significant digoxin‐induced effects on resistance could be demonstrated in either the systemic or coronary circulations, although in individual patients vasoconstrictor effects were observed. (biu.ac.il)
  • The observation that systemic vascular resistance tends to increase in the first few minutes after digoxin injection should be addressed in future studies. (biu.ac.il)
  • Endothelin receptor antagonists bind endothelin 1 receptors, causing a decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure through decreases in PVR. (medscape.com)
  • Anecdotal experience using endothelin receptor antagonists, PDE5-i and IV epoprostenol have shown improved functional and haemodynamic results in patients with PAH associated with CHD and Eisenmenger syndrome. (bjcardio.co.uk)
  • The new generation of drugs includes selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), orally administered selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), as well as more unique agents such as complete estrogen receptor antagonists (CERANs), proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTACs), and selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonists (SERCAs). (bvsalud.org)
  • For these, reasons both leukotriene synthesis inhibitors and leukotriene receptor antagonists have been suggested for inducing beneficial effects at different stages of the atherosclerosis process and may represent a new therapeutic target in the treatment of atherosclerotic vessel diseases, in particular in acute coronary syndrome. (hindawi.com)
  • The affinity (Ki) of carvedilol for the β-adrenergic receptors is 0.32 nM for the human β1-adrenergic receptor and 0.13 to 0.40 nM for the β2-adrenergic receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is an antagonist of the human 5-HT2A receptors with moderate affinity (Ki = 547 nM), although it is unclear if this is significant for its pharmacological actions given its much stronger activity at adrenergic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carvedilol reversibly binds to β-adrenergic receptors on cardiac myocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carvedilol blockade of α1-adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation of blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is no reflex tachycardia response due to carvedilol blockade of β1-adrenergic receptors on the heart. (wikipedia.org)
  • Guanfacine hydrochloride is an orally active antihypertensive agent whose principal mechanism of action appears to be stimulation of central α 2 -adrenergic receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Prolonged endothelin B receptor blockade causes pulmonary hypertension in the ovine fetus. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Prolonged endothelin A receptor blockade attenuates chronic pulmonary hypertension in the ovine fetus. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Endothelin A receptor blockade decreases pulmonary vascular resistance in premature lambs with hyaline membrane disease. (ucdenver.edu)
  • However, the influence of pharmacological ET-1 receptor blockade on cardiovascular remodelling in the context of BPD has neither been examined in human patients nor in animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cardiovascular responses that occur in response to THC are mediated by the autonomic nervous system, with recent findings also demonstrating that the human cannabinoid receptor system plays a role in regulating the cardiovascular response. (erowid.org)
  • Research directions might include more studies of cardiovascular disease outcomes and relationships of marijuana with cardiovascular risk factors, studies of metabolic and physiologic effects of chronic marijuana use that may affect cardiovascular disease risk, increased understanding of the role of the cannabinoid receptor system in cardiovascular regulation, and studies to determine if there is a therapeutic role for cannabinoids in blood pressure control or for neuroprotection after stroke. (erowid.org)
  • 6 The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk estimator is available online and in mobile app format at http://my.americanheart.org/cvrisk calculator and at http://www.cardiosource.org/en/Science-And-Quality/Practice-Guidelines-and-Quality-Standards/2013-Prevention-Guideline-Tools.aspx . (aafp.org)
  • Vascular endothelium contributes importantly to regulation of cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Macitentan, an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, has the potential to attenuate pulmonary and cardiovascular remodelling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The endothelin-1 receptor antagonist macitentan attenuated cardiovascular remodelling in an infant rat model for preterm chronic lung disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Director Cardiac Intensive Care and Cardiovascular and Director, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. (thedoctorwillseeyounow.com)
  • The vascular endothelium modulates contractile responses to 5-HT and ET-1 in human subcutaneous resistance arteries but this effect is lost in patients with NPG, indicating a selective defect in agonist mediated release of endothelium derived vasodilators. (bmj.com)
  • Vascular endothelium is an active endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine organ, indispensable for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Carvedilol is both a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist (β1, β2) and an α-adrenergic receptor antagonist (α1). (wikipedia.org)
  • Eprosartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist that blocks the vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. (medscape.com)
  • Bosentan, a novel endothelin receptor antagonist, was infused directly into the portal vein prior to cold ischemia and immediately on reperfusion, in five porcine livers. (duke.edu)
  • Name the drug - Dopamine receptor antagonist for the prevention of nausea and vomiting: A. Aspirinum B. Cimetidinum C. Metoclopramidum D. Erythromycinum E. Bisacodylum 10. (findmedarticle.com)
  • Omeprazole is: A. H2 receptor antagonist B. Cytoprotector C. Inhibitor of proton pump D. Anticholinergic medicine 21. (findmedarticle.com)
  • Which calcium antagonist has highest selectivity on vascular smooth muscles? (findmedarticle.com)
  • 3. Evidence of long-term hepatosplenic involvement by schistosomiasis, via compatible ultrasound findings (peri-portal fibrosis or enlarged left lobe) All patients will necessarily already be receiving at least one specific treatment for PAH, either with phosphodiesterase V inhibitor or with an endothelin receptor antagonist, with a stable dose for at least 12 weeks before inclusion in the study. (who.int)
  • LBNP reduces venous return, deactivating atrial receptors, thereby eliciting a reflex increase in SVRI to maintain MAP. (springer.com)
  • While it is known that β-adrenergic receptor stimulation is associated with an increase in venous return, the mechanism by which this increase is mediated has not been well defined. (elsevierpure.com)
  • BMPR‐II is a ubiquitously expressed receptor for a group of growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily 7 , 8 . (ersjournals.com)
  • For management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), medication classes consist of diuretics, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and beta-blockers. (medscape.com)
  • Patients who develop a cough, angioedema, bronchospasm, or other hypersensitivity reactions after starting ACE inhibitors should receive an angiotensin receptor blocker. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmonary vascular effects of serotonin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the late-gestation ovine fetus. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Similarly, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers should be the antihypertensive of choice in individuals with diabetes, chronic kidney disease or heart failure[4]. (thedoctorwillseeyounow.com)
  • Angiotensin II receptor blockers reduce blood pressure and proteinuria, protecting renal function and delaying the onset of end-stage renal disease. (medscape.com)
  • Irbesartan blocks the vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II at the tissue receptor site. (medscape.com)
  • Olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
  • We studied the effect of T3 on the angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (AT 1 R) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Looking at the taste receptor image above, they act on angiotensin-converting enzyme and some angiotensin receptors respectively. (prescriptiveoptimization.com)
  • Chemerin and its G protein-coupled receptor [chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23)] have been associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Treatment of SHRs with rosiglitazone (insulin sensitizer) and/or enalapril (ACE inhibitor) may simultaneously improve hypertension, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction by rebalancing insulin-stimulated production of vasoactive mediators. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Taken together, our data provide strong support for the existence of reciprocal relationships between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance that may be relevant for developing novel therapeutic strategies for the metabolic syndrome. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Reciprocal relationships between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance may help couple hemodynamic and metabolic abnormalities observed in important interrelated public health problems, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and the metabolic syndrome ( 3 , 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • When it is altered by various stimuli, it may cause localized alterations or "endothelial dysfunction" having antihemostatic properties, regulating vascular tone, determining a heightened leukocyte adhesion, and increase production of cytokines and growth factors [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • [ 14 ] Although there were improvements in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and cardiac output (CO), an increased mortality rate with the use of epoprostenol was observed. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmonary veins (PV) contain receptors important in cardiac reflexes. (springer.com)
  • Development of novel therapeutic approaches to bolster kinin activity in the vascular wall and in specific compartments in the kidney might be a highly effective strategy for the treatment of hypertension and its complications, including cardiac hypertrophy and renal failure. (nature.com)
  • In mesenteric vascular beds (MVBs) isolated from vehicle-treated SHRs and preconstricted with norepinephrine (NE) ex vivo, vasodilator responses to insulin were significantly impaired, whereas the ability of insulin to oppose vasoconstrictor actions of NE was absent (versus WKY controls). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Since DHE displays affinity for these receptors, this study investigated the pharmacological profile of DHE-induced inhibition of the vasodepressor sensory CGRPergic outflow. (eur.nl)
  • secundum en mujer oxygen was administrated and pharmacological treatment was started. (bvsalud.org)
  • BLT2 is a pharmacologically distinct receptor, which is ubiquitously expressed and displays low affinity for LTB4 and also binds other eicosanoids [ 26 , 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Activation of these preganglionic fibers releases acetylcholine, which binds to postjunctional nicotinic receptors in the tissue. (web.app)
  • To stimulate the beta-1 receptors, dopamine is given at 5.0 ug/kg/min. (vin.com)
  • Prejunctional activation of α2A/2C-adrenergic, serotonin 5-HT1B/1F, or dopamine D2-like receptors results in inhibition of this CGRPergic outflow. (eur.nl)
  • The mechanisms of vascular dysfunction have been investigated in a number of conditions, including hypertension 13 and diabetes, 14 using subcutaneous arteries isolated from biopsies of gluteal fat. (bmj.com)
  • Chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension alters endothelin receptor activity in the ovine fetal lung. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Estradiol improves pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular remodeling in perinatal pulmonary hypertension. (ucdenver.edu)
  • This article is a review of exciting, recently generated genetic, biochemical and clinical data from studies that have examined the importance of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system in protection from hypertension, vascular remodeling and renal fibrosis. (nature.com)
  • Molecular and vascular mechanisms were probed in mesenteric arteries and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from C57BL/6J, nondiabetic lean db/m, and diabetic obese db/db mice as well as in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs). (gla.ac.uk)
  • However, the molecular mechanisms of vascular relaxation by T3 are incompletely characterized. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This review discusses the recent emergence of several anti-estrogen therapies, some of which were designed to overcome common mechanisms of endocrine resistance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hepatic vascular resistance and liver tissue blood flow, as measured by thermistor flow probes, were determined following reperfusion. (duke.edu)
  • 1993) A kallikrein-like enzyme in human vascular tissue. (nature.com)
  • Eribulin is a microtubule inhibitor with proven overall survival (OS) benefit in metastatic breast cancer (MBC), which may also enhance intratumoral vascular remodeling. (bvsalud.org)
  • This drug will increase myocardial contractility and peripheral resistance. (vin.com)
  • Histamine targets a range of ''histaminergic'' receptors and its various actions are mediated by histamine receptors H1, H2, H3 and H4. (calpoison.org)
  • We aimed to determine whether chemerin reduces vascular insulin signaling and whether there is interplay between chemerin/ChemR23, insulin resistance, and vascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (gla.ac.uk)
  • Dobutamine is a direct-acting inotropic agent whose primary activity results from stimulation of the β-receptors of the heart while producing comparatively mild chronotropic, hypertensive, arrhythmogenic, and vasodilative effects. (drugs.com)
  • CCX832 treatment of db/db mice decreased body weight, insulin, and glucose levels as well as vascular oxidative stress. (gla.ac.uk)
  • CCX832 also partially restored vascular insulin responses in db/db and high-fat diet-fed mice. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Our novel in vivo findings highlight chemerin/ChemR23 as a promising therapeutic target to limit insulin resistance and vascular complications associated with obesity-related diabetes. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Conclusion Insulin resistance, without dysglycaemia, is associated with abnormal developmental and pathological angiogenesis, and impaired functional response to the pro-angiogenic growth factor VEGF-A. Further studies are required to define the mechanism. (bmj.com)
  • Three-week treatment of SHRs with rosiglitazone and/or enalapril significantly reduced blood pressure, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, and ET-1 levels and increased adiponectin levels to values comparable with those observed in vehicle-treated WKY controls. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 3. No significant differences were observed in coronary vascular responses to acute digoxin administration between the three groups of patients (VR = 0.34). (biu.ac.il)
  • Implementing anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: challenges and future perspectives. (cdc.gov)
  • The pathogenesis of PPH is not clear but recently it has been put in a novel perspective by the demonstration of mutations in BMPR‐II (bone morphogenic protein receptor II) in a proportion of patients 5 - 7 . (ersjournals.com)
  • LTs exert their biological effects by activating specific receptors belonging to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) [ 22 - 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Durvalumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, targets the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) receptor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Endothelin 1 is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor that causes vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia in addition to direct vasoconstrictor effects. (medscape.com)
  • Repeated injury and smooth muscle remodeling in resistance arteries is expected to thicken the vessel wall and narrow the lumen and reduce blood flow. (cdc.gov)
  • The most common side effects (>10% incidence) of carvedilol include: Dizziness Fatigue Low blood pressure Diarrhea Weakness Slowed heart rate Weight gain Erectile dysfunction Carvedilol is not recommended for people with uncontrolled bronchospastic disease (e.g. current asthma symptoms) as it can block receptors that assist in opening the airways. (wikipedia.org)
  • A hypotensive episode may be due to one or a combination of the following: 1) reduced inflow to the heart, 2) reduced pumping function of the heart, and 3) reduced vascular resistance. (vin.com)
  • Dr. Khetan is Cardiology Fellow at the Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. (thedoctorwillseeyounow.com)
  • Dr. Mohan is Chief Quality Officer, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. (thedoctorwillseeyounow.com)
  • Conclusion: DHE-induced inhibition of the vasodepressor sensory CGRPergic outflow is mainly mediated by prejunctional rauwolscine-sensitive α2-adrenoceptors and GR127935-sensitive 5-HT1B/1D receptors, which correlate with α2A/2C-adrenoceptors and 5-HT1B receptors, respectively. (eur.nl)
  • These findings suggest that DHE-induced inhibition of the perivascular sensory CGRPergic outflow may facilitate DHE's vasoconstrictor properties resulting in an increased vascular resistance. (eur.nl)
  • Functional abnormalities, including reduced blood flow velocity and increased resistance in a number of ocular arteries, have been demonstrated within the ophthalmic circulation of patients with NPG. (bmj.com)
  • This approach has the advantage of studying vascular dysfunction directly in arteries from patients (rather than animal models) and uses resistance arteries which contribute significantly to maintenance of blood pressure. (bmj.com)
  • It is used in both in the outpatient setting as well as inpatient setting to restore vascular tone and increase blood pressure. (eddyjoemd.com)