Cyclooxygenase: Cells can use prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (i.e. cyclooxygenenase-1 or COX-1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) to metabolize arachidonic acid primarily to prostaglandins but also to small amounts of 11(R)-HETE and a racemic mixture of 15-HETEs composed of ~22% 15(R)-HETE and ~78% 15(S)-HETE. (wikipedia.org)
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. (springer.com)
Mediators1
Both of these metabolites, depending on the cell type which forms them, can be further metabolized to 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-oxo-ETE), 5(S),15(S)-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5(S),15(S)-diHETE), 5-oxo-15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-15(S)-HETE), a subset of specialized pro-resolving mediators viz. (wikipedia.org)
Inflammation3
Although less is known about an additional receptor, cysLT2, emerging evidence indicates that it likely also contributes to cysLT actions promoting inflammation, vascular permeability, and perhaps fibrosis. (springer.com)
Here we evaluated the efficacy of montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist widely used to treat asthma in children, to ameliorate peripheral and central inflammation, and subsequent grey matter neuropathology and behaviour deficits in a mouse model of EoP. (biomedcentral.com)
Cysteinyl (cys) LTs C 4 , D 4 , and E 4 are long known to contribute to airway contractile responses via ligation of the cysLT1 receptor, and cysLT1 antagonists are beneficial in some patients with asthma. (springer.com)
Human cells release arachidonic acid (i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid) from its storage site in phospholipids by reactions that involve phospholipase C and/or lipase enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Peptide leukotriene release after antigen challenge in patients sensitive to ragweed. (jamanetwork.com)
Chemical1
Their unique chemical structures, receptors, and bioactions are being elucidated. (frontiersin.org)
Enhance1
Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins are SPM derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids that limit excessive leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory signals, stimulate innate microbial killing, and enhance resolution. (frontiersin.org)
Products1
The freed arachidonic acid is then converted to 15-hydroperoxy/hydroxy products by one or more of the following five pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, a 12.5-mg/kg dose of 1-NN to O 3 -tolerant rats produced significantly higher levels of cysteinyl-leukotrienes in bronchiolar lavage fluid even when compared to a 50-mg/kg dose of 1-NN in rats exposed to filtered air. (nih.gov)
To review the role of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) in allergic rhinitis and the scientific rationale for therapy with leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs). (nih.gov)
It therefore forms linoleic acid metabolites (e.g. 13-hydoxyperoxy/hydroxy-octadecadienoic and 9-hydroperoxy/hydroxyl-octadecadienoic acids) in greater amounts than 15(S)-HpETE and 15(S)-HETE. (wikipedia.org)
Using a metabolomic approach, we investigated inflammatory responses in arachidonic and linoleic acid biochemical cascades (35 metabolites) and the expression of 19 cytokines/chemokines at three time points (2, 6, and 24 hr) following exposure to 1-NN with and without prior long-term O 3 exposure. (nih.gov)
Metabolites1
Both of these metabolites, depending on the cell type which forms them, can be further metabolized to 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-oxo-ETE), 5(S),15(S)-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5(S),15(S)-diHETE), 5-oxo-15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-15(S)-HETE), a subset of specialized pro-resolving mediators viz. (wikipedia.org)
Cells3
Human cells release arachidonic acid (i.e. 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid) from its storage site in phospholipids by reactions that involve phospholipase C and/or lipase enzymes. (wikipedia.org)