• The exact mechanism by which AgRP inhibits melanocortin-receptor signalling is not completely clear. (wikipedia.org)
  • The appetite-stimulating effects of AgRP are inhibited by the hormone leptin and activated by the hormone ghrelin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the role of midbrain dopamine is positioned at the intersection between selected hormonal signals involved in food reward information processing (namely, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin), and lipid-derived neural mediators such as endocannabinoids. (frontiersin.org)
  • Next, endocannabinoid signaling that regulates synaptic plasticity is discussed as a key mechanism acting both at hypothalamic and mesolimbic circuits, and affecting both dopamine function and interplay between leptin and ghrelin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Rarely, obesity results from abnormal levels of peptides that regulate food intake (eg, leptin) or abnormalities in their receptors (eg, melanocortin-4 receptor). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Leptin suppresses appetite in normal-weight people, but high leptin levels correlate with increased body fat. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This review will address the biology, actions, and regulation of three adipocyte hormones-leptin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP), and adiponectin-with an emphasis on the most recent literature. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Work in our laboratory has primarily focused on the biology and regulation of three key adipocyte hormones: leptin, acylation-stimulating protein, and adiponectin. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Serotonin systems upregulate the expression of hypothalamic NUCB2 via 5-HT2C receptors and induce anorexia via a leptin-independent pathway in mice. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Ghrelin has receptors on NPY/AgRP neurons that stimulate the secretion of NPY and AgRP to increase appetite. (wikipedia.org)
  • This pathway is part of a feedback loop, since TRH-secreting neurons from PVN stimulate AgRP neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the role played by different stressors in the reinstatement of preference for palatable food and food-seeking behavior is also considered in the light of endocannabinoid production, activation of orexin receptors and disinhibition of dopamine neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has been shown that polymorphisms in the AgRP gene have been linked with anorexia nervosa as well as obesity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, we focus on the role of gut hormones and their related neuronal networks (the gut-brain axis) in appetite control, and their potentials as novel therapies for obesity. (hindawi.com)
  • Editor (together with Julie Chowen) for a special issue of the journal Neuroscience on "Neuroscience of appetite, metabolism and obesity" (published late in 2019). (gu.se)
  • These hormones, the pathways controlling their production, and their receptors are promising targets for managing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Her lab also studies how the normal function of the brain changes in response to alterations in body weight including obesity (excess body weight) and anorexia/cachexia (insufficient body weight), and how these changes in the brain contribute to the development of commonly associated diseases like diabetes. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The long term goal of Kate's research is to impact human health by improving our knowledge of how the brain controls food intake and body weight, which will help in the development of new therapies for obesity and anorexia/cachexia. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • This generalized repressing action of REV-ERBα on the expression of hepatic clock genes was confirmed in vitro by using agonists (SR9009 and GSK4112) and antagonist (SR8278) of this receptor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adiponectin production is stimulated by thiazolidinedione agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and may contribute to increased insulin sensitivity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Her research into the neurobiology of appetite aims to unravel neurobiological pathways that respond to orexigenic signals, such as the hormone, ghrelin, and that drive feeding behaviours, not only food intake but also food choice, food anticipation, food reward and food motivation. (gu.se)
  • Thus, the lateral hypothalamus-ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens neural circuitry is reexamined in order to interrogate the functional interplay between ghrelin, dopamine, orexin, and endocannabinoid signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • The objective of this paper is to review the associations of dopamine levels/activities, dopamine regulator (e.g., dopamine transporter, degrading enzymes) levels/activities, and dopamine receptor availability/affinity with binge eating. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies used neuroimaging (e.g., positron emission tomography), genetic, and pharmacological (e.g., dopamine transporter inhibitor) techniques to describe or compare dopamine levels/activities, dopamine transporter levels/activities, dopamine degrading enzyme (e.g., catechol-O-methyltransferase) levels/activities, and dopamine receptor (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review synthesized study findings related to the levels and activities of dopamine, dopamine regulators, and dopamine receptors in the context of binge eating. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been found that AgRP stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis to release ACTH, cortisol and prolactin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor-independent expression of hypothalamic NOR1, a novel modulator of food intake and energy balance, in mice. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Serotonin activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via serotonin 2C receptor stimulation. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Milnacipran, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, induces appetite-suppressing effects without inducing hypothalamic stress responses in mice. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Increased hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptor gene expression and effects of pharmacologic 5-HT2A receptor inactivation in obese Ay mice. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Meanwhile, the autonomic nervous system stimulates the suprarenal medulla to secrete hormones such as epinephrine into the bloodstream. (medscape.com)
  • These receptors are activated by the peptide hormone α-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) and antagonized by the agouti-related protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • PYY is an appetite suppressing hormone, which was isolated originally from porcine upper small intestine [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we summarize the present knowledge on the molecular etiology and genetic determinants of eating disorders including serotonergic genes, dopaminergic genes, opioid genes, appetite regulation genes, endocannabinoid genes and vitamin D3. (jpmh.org)
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers, rather than beta-adrenergic blockers, should be considered as first-line therapy for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are obese. (medscape.com)
  • 5-HT and NA Reuptake Inhibitors and Appetite Regulation: The Role of the Central 5-HT Network. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Functioning as brain region for the regulation of energy homeostasis, the hypothalamus integrates different hormonal and neuronal signals controlling appetite and body weight. (frontiersin.org)
  • While the rhythmic expression of this receptor has been described in teleosts, several critical aspects of its regulation remain unknown, such as which synchronizers entrain its rhythm, and whether it can modulate the expression of other clock genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition to local paracrine actions and peripheral endocrine effects mediated through the bloodstream, gut hormones play a pivotal role relaying information on nutritional status to important appetite controlling centres within the central nervous system (CNS), such as the hypothalamus and the brainstem. (hindawi.com)
  • This suggests that the agouti-melanocortin system evolved by gene duplication from individual ligand and receptor genes in the last 500 million years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fluvoxamine exerts anorexic effect in 5-HT2C receptor mutant mice with heterozygous mutation of beta-endorphin gene. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • AgRP is co-expressed with NPY and acts to increase appetite and decrease metabolism and energy expenditure. (wikipedia.org)
  • AGRP has been demonstrated to be a competitive antagonist of melanocortin receptors, specifically MC3-R and MC4-R. The melanocortin receptors, MC3-R and MC4-R, are directly linked to metabolism and body weight control. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, type-1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent inhibition of GABA-ergic release and relapse to reward-associated stimuli is linked to ghrelin and orexin signaling in the lateral hypothalamus-ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens network to highlight its pathological potential for food addiction-like behavior. (frontiersin.org)
  • A compulsive and voracious appetite is a pathognomonic symptom of Prader-Willi Syndrome, a genetic disorder whose other features include hypotonia, hypogonadism, facial dysmorphism (elongation of the face, and nasal prominence), nasal voice, col pulmonale (right ventricular hypertrophy), apnoea of sleep, behavioural disorders and mental retardation to a varying degree. (info-farmacia.com)
  • Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and 5-HT2C receptor inactivation induce appetite-suppressing effects in mice via 5-HT1B receptors. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, and Y6 [ 9 ].The Y3 receptor has not yet been cloned, and the Y5 receptor has been found as a nonfunctional truncated form. (hindawi.com)
  • Editor of a Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences on " Neurobiological perspectives on ghrelin", published in 2017. (gu.se)
  • This work aims to investigate the possible rhythmicity of the different components of the IGF-1 system (igf-1, the igf1ra and igf1rb receptors and the paralogs of its binding proteins IGFBP1 and IGFBP2) in the liver of goldfish. (bvsalud.org)