• Recently, the first in vitro norovirus cell culture model results demonstrate that the highly differentiated 3-D cell was reported for a norovirus that infects mice ( 18,19 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro differentiation of small intestinal epithelium that nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea within 12-24 hours approaches physiologic functionality of the in vivo host of exposure and typically remain symptomatic for 1-2 may allow for the development of a pathogenesis model days ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This research includes comparative studies of the behavior of liposomes and nanostructured lipid-carriers in a series of well-structured in vitro tests that could assess their interactions with the hCMEC / D3 and SH - SY5Y cell lines as an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier and neuronal function, respectively. (mdpi.com)
  • Direct protein quantification was applied successfully to study in vitro induction in sandwich cultured primary hepatocytes in a 24-well format using the prototypical inducers rifampicin, omeprazole, and phenobarbital. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Common culture formats used for in vitro enzyme induction studies comprise conventional and sandwich cultures, the former referring to plated hepatocytes maintained on rigid substratum (e.g., collagen), whereas in the latter cells are "sandwiched" by an additional layer of either collagen or a composite of extracellular matrix proteins, such as Matrigel ( LeCluyse, 2001 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the efficacy of YUM70, a small molecule inhibitor of GRP78, to block SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and infection in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, YUM70 reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection without impacting cell viability in vitro and suppressed viral protein production following SARS-CoV-2 infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • By conducting an in vitro CRC cell line study through the knockdown of EGFR expression, we analyzed cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. (oncotarget.com)
  • Subsequent, the affect of Omicron mutations on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding was investigated utilizing an in vitro S:ACE2 binding assay. (healthitizer.com)
  • When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • Altogether, the present in vitro study provides insights into the effects of selected PFASs on B cells, identifying RAG1 and RAG2 expression as possible relevant targets that may play a role in the immunotoxicity of PFASs. (wur.nl)
  • Specialized manufacturer of in vitro kits indicated to evaluate pharmacological relevant efflux and uptake receptors for TDI assays. (readycell.com)
  • PreadyPort BCRP is a in vitro system based on transfected MDCKII cells overexpressing the BCRP transporter. (readycell.com)
  • ReadyCell provides ready-to-use in vitro system for assessing the pharmacological role of the P-gp receptor in preclinical stages. (readycell.com)
  • Real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that the expression levels of these genes were significantly up-regulated when the cells were grown in mannan-containing media where the induction level of gh5-7 was the highest. (megazyme.com)
  • In this context, it was demonstrated that pepsin digests of gliadin form spontaneously amyloid-like structures that trigger genes in the gut epithelial cell model Caco-2 involved in recruiting specialized immune cells [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Interestingly, PFOA decreased the expression of RAG1 and RAG2, genes involved in immunoglobulin and T cell receptor V(D)J recombination. (wur.nl)
  • In this study, the authors used DNA microarray to compare and identify genes induced by HER2 in mammary epithelial cell line with ectopic HER2 overexpression and breast cancer cell lines derived from patients with different level of HER2 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whole genome CRISPR screening strategy to identify genes contributing to SARS-CoV-2 spike and VSV-G mediated entry. (cdc.gov)
  • Induction of Hypoxic Response in Caco-2 Cells Promote the Expression of Genes Involved in SARS-CoV-2 Endocytosis and Transcytosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in the carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). (oncotarget.com)
  • Various genetic abnormalities such as wingless and int-1 (Wnt) signaling, tissue growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling, or TP53 signaling have been known in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Established cancer cell lines are widely used for developing biomarkers for the patient-specific treatment of colorectal cancer and predicting prognoses. (bslonline.org)
  • 2 × 10 5 cells/mL of each colorectal cancer cell was seeded into a 35 mm cell culture dish. (bslonline.org)
  • A downregulation of FASN effectively inhibits the activity of "HER2-PI3K/Akt axis" and alters the malignant phenotype in colorectal cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence, in this study, we analyzed the potential link between FASN and the activity of "HER2-PI3K/Akt axis" in colorectal cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And the influence of FASN on proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells was also explored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods: Primary mouse enteric neurons (EN) were exposed to a conditioned medium from ACE2-expressing Caco-2 colonic epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 or treated with tunicamycin (ER stress inducer). (emory.edu)
  • Interestingly, IL-8 has been measured in the colon milieu of healthy volunteers using a dialysis bag inserted in the rectum [ 9 ] suggesting that it might be apically secreted by colonic epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The unscheduled proliferation of cancer cells outside their natural niches subjects the cells to multiple insults, such as metabolic aberrations, detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM), hypoxia, and immune cell attacks. (bvsalud.org)
  • The rate-limiting step in cutaneous wound healing, namely, the transition from inflammation to cell proliferation, depends on the high plasticity of macrophages to prevent inflammation in the wound tissues in a timely manner. (megazyme.com)
  • c) ZINC40099027 will not boost cell proliferation at 24?hours in migrating Caco-2 cells. (euromed2016.com)
  • On the cell surface, HSPA5/BiP/GRP78 can play diverse functional roles in cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, attachments, and innate and adaptive immunity regulations, which lead to various diseases, including cancers and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (bvsalud.org)
  • APJ‑suppressed fibroblasts treated with an antagonist or small interfering RNA showed myofibroblast‑like properties, including increased proliferation and migratory abilities, via accelerated phosphorylation of Sma‑ and Mad‑related protein 2/3 (Smad2/3). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CXCR1 is expressed in the human IEC line Caco-2 BBE [ 3 ], which is in agreement with our own microarray data using Caco-2 BBE cell mRNA (see below). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, C3R (100 μM) was able to suppress mRNA expression of NPC1L1 in Caco-2 cells after 24 h incubation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mRNA microarray analyses of A549, PC14, and PC14CDDP cells that were transiently transfected with either pre-miR-197 or LNA-miR-197 and their controls. (nih.gov)
  • Open up in another window Amount 2 FAK activators stimulate Caco-2 cell monolayer wound closure. (euromed2016.com)
  • Automated quantitation assays of VSVpp an infection of Caco-2 cells revealed that mutant S proteins had related however various an infection kinetics that regularly decreased effectivity. (healthitizer.com)
  • Cell-cell fusion assays revealed the formation of enormous syncytia by co-expressing ACE2 and ancestral Hu-1 S protein or particular person S373P, N501Y, D614G, N856K, and L981F mutants. (healthitizer.com)
  • The next results display that either preventing or depleting Compact disc47 on macrophages causes these cells to engulf even more goals in phagocytosis assays, and depletion suppresses a basal degree of inhibitory signaling by SIRP also. (azd1152.com)
  • One prominent cell-activating pathway involves BLT2 receptor activation of NOX2 or NOX1 with the subsequent production of reactive oxygen species which in turn activate the transcription inducing function of NF-κB. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phagocytosis-activating connections take Cinnamaldehyde place in parallel, using the clearest pathway regarding Fc-receptors (FcRs) that bind and organize IgG-type antibodies on the focus on cell (Lopes et al. (azd1152.com)
  • A transcriptome analysis of HER2 in breast cancer cells has revealed a molecular connection between FASN and HER2 through the PI3K/Akt pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptomic Profiles Reveal Downregulation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Receptor Pathway Activity in Patients Surviving Severe COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
  • The recently identified, globally predominant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1) is highly transmissible, even in fully vaccinated individuals, and causes attenuated disease compared with other major viral variants recognized to date 1 - 7 . (biorxiv.org)
  • In a current examine posted to the bioRxiv * preprint server, researchers investigated the affect of amino acid (AA) substitutions of extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron on spike (S) protein operate, processing, and neutralization susceptibility. (healthitizer.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is the fifth variant of concern (VOC), which emerged in November 2021 and has quickly outcompeted the beforehand predominant Delta VOC. (healthitizer.com)
  • Comparison of clinical characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and Delta variant infections in China. (cdc.gov)
  • Induction via nuclear receptor activation can significantly alter those levels, with the coregulation of multiple enzymes and transporters occurring to different extents. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We hypothesized that rhythmicity of a key circadian component, PERIOD2 (PER2), would diminish along a continuum from ex vivo intestinal organoids (epithelial 'miniguts'), nontransformed mouse small intestinal epithelial (MSIE) cells and transformed human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. (biologists.com)
  • Although produced from a cancer of the colon originally, these cells are differentiated extremely, type and morphologically restricted monolayers in lifestyle electrically, and so are a common model for the scholarly research of intestinal epithelial sheet migration9C14. (euromed2016.com)
  • Because intestinal epithelial cells towards the basement membrane , nor can be found in suspension system adhere, we attemptedto replicate this observation with ZINC40099027 in adherent cells. (euromed2016.com)
  • Here we investigated whether polarized monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells might regulate inflammatory responses by secreting IL-8 in a vectorial fashion (i.e. apical versus basolateral) depending on the location of the TLR stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results show that IL-8 induces autocrine signalling via an apical CXCR1 in Caco-2 BBE intestinal epithelial cells and that this receptor is also expressed on the apical surface of differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells in vivo , suggesting an autocrine function for IL-8 secreted in the lumen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a key role in the inflammatory response to colonizing or invading microorganisms via the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8). (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNMT3A expression is downregulated in intestinal epithelial cells from IBD patients and upon tumor necrosis factor treatment in murine intestinal organoids. (nature.com)
  • Genetic deletion of Dnmt3a in intestinal epithelial cells ( Dnmt3a ΔIEC ) in mice confirms the phenotype of an altered epithelial ultrastructure with shortened apical-junctional complexes, reduced Goblet cell numbers and increased intestinal permeability in the colon in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have evolved to build a complex physiological barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the underlying mucosal tissue. (nature.com)
  • In children diagnosed with IBD, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of purified intestinal epithelial cells clearly distinguishes between healthy individuals and the IBD group 8 . (nature.com)
  • Amazingly, 10?nM ZINC40099027 didn't measurably activate FAK in static confluent Caco-2 cell monolayers on the collagen We matrix. (euromed2016.com)
  • b) 10?or 100 nM?M ZINC40099027 accelerates wound closure in Caco-2 monolayers. (euromed2016.com)
  • d) ZINC40099027 (1?nMC100?uM) will not affect cellular number in Caco-2 confluent monolayers in comparison to control cells more than 24?hour. (euromed2016.com)
  • e) ZINC40099027 at 10?nM accelerates round wound closure in Caco-2 monolayers on collagen. (euromed2016.com)
  • this contrasts with the BLT1 receptor which appears to have a more limited expression pattern including mainly circulating blood leukocytes and lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mouse Blt2 receptor also shows a more limited distribution pattern than the human BLT2 receptor, showing appreciable expression in the small intestine and skin, and low expression in the colon and spleen. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we aimed at investigating the expression and function of TRPA1 channels on NK cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Importantly, AITC increased the granzyme production and CD107 expression and increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity towards the K562 cell line and two different melanoma cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
  • When the effect of acrolein on TRPA1 expression was examined, the expression of TRPA1 in A549 cells was increased by treatment with 50 µM acrolein for 24 h or 500 µM acrolein for 30 min. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP) expression and secretion by EN were assessed by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. (emory.edu)
  • Results: SARS-CoV-2 infection led to increased expression of BiP/GRP78, a marker and key regulator for ER stress in Caco-2 cells. (emory.edu)
  • In addition, these two binding sites play different roles in the regulation of Sema4D expression in HUVEC and Caco-2 cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Gene expression data shown in Fig.?S1B confirms that PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages and principal macrophages have very similar appearance profiles for essential macrophage markers, while differing from two epithelial cell types greatly. (azd1152.com)
  • The role of exosomes collected by ultracentrifugation were also analyzed as mediators of p53 expression in cancer cells and APJ expression in fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • APJ expression in fibroblasts co‑cultured with p53‑suppressed colon cancer cells (HCT116 sh p53 cells) was significantly lower than in control colon cancer cells (HCT116 sh control cells). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNA 5703 enriched in exosomes derived from HCT116 sh p53 cells inhibited APJ expression, and inhibition of miR‑5703 diminished APJ suppression in fibroblasts caused by cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this work, we analyze expression patterns of DNMT3A in patients with IBD, perform loss of function experiments using Caco-2 cell line and generate a conditional Dnmt3a ΔIEC mouse line. (nature.com)
  • George-Chandy A., Eriksson K., Lebens M., Nordstrom I., Schon E., Holmgren J. Cholera toxin B subunit as a carrier molecule promotes antigen presentation and will increase CD40 and CD86 expression on antigen-presenting cells. (laaz.org)
  • Caco-2 cells with a high expression of both HER2 and FASN were selected for functional characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caco-2 cells were transfected with either the FASN specific RNAi plasmid or the negative control RNAi plasmid, followed by the RT-qPCR and western blot to examine the expression of FASN, HER2, PI3K and Akt. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in cancer cells and pre-neoplastic lesions, FASN expression has been frequently found to be upregulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the effect of growth factors, hormones and their receptors on FASN expression involves a complicated downstream signaling and crosstalk between multiple signal transduction pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PI3K activity was thought to be the mediator of the HER2 control on FASN expression because LY294002, a known PI3K inhibitor, abrogated HER2 induced FASN protein production in the HER2 overexpressing normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification of PARD3 signature on PARD3 deficient H157 cell line, reconstituting the expression of PARD3 gene, with a wt and a mutant form. (nih.gov)
  • In neutrophils, IL-8 binding to CXCR1 triggers G protein-coupled signalling and formation of second messengers that mediate cellular migration, exocytosis of effectors and a respiratory burst to facilitate oxygen-dependent killing of phagocytosed microorganisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, YUM70 rescued the cell viability of multi-cellular human lung and liver 3D organoids transfected with a SARS-CoV-2 replicon. (bvsalud.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Caco-2 cells are considered a reference cellular model for basic research and drug discovery projects. (readycell.com)
  • The trimeric, transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein of the virus, SARS-2-S, includes two main functional subunits: S1 and S2. (pubannotation.org)
  • Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) belongs to the semaphorin family, which binds to receptors such as Pleixn-B1 (transmembrane structure receptor), CD72 (cluster of differentiation antigen 72, mainly expresses on lymphocyte cells), then activates downstream signaling molecules. (jcancer.org)
  • Some animal proteins, for example, those in the LAT family (TC# 2.A.3.8) including ASUR4 (gbY12716) and SPRM1 (gbL25068) associate with a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that is essential for insertion or activity of the permease and forms a disulfide bridge with it. (tcdb.org)
  • The structure contains 12 transmembrane helices, with the first 10 consisting of an inverted structural repeat of 5 transmembrane helices like LeuT (TC #2.A.22.4.2). (tcdb.org)
  • The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)
  • Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
  • 2) Rotavirus penetration of target cell membranes. (stanford.edu)
  • The CXCR1 receptor for IL-8 was expressed only on the apical membrane of Caco-2 BBE cells and differentiated epithelial cells in the human small intestine and colon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Jurkat, HeLa, Caco 2 and A375 cell lysates, paraffin-embedded Human colon tissue, paraffin-embedded Human kidney tissue. (abcam.co.jp)
  • This study investigated the levels of CXCL10, which were recently been reported to play an important role in the outcome of tumor treatment, secreted by colon cancer cells. (bslonline.org)
  • Here we identify the interleukin (IL)-33 and its receptor ST2 as key negative regulators of wound healing and permeability in the colon of mice. (bmj.com)
  • In one study, P rettgeri and P stuartii were found to be highly invasive using in vivo testing with Caco-2, a human colon carcinoma cell line. (medscape.com)
  • LTBR1 and LTBR2 encode for proteins with 45% amino acid identity that belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
  • BLT2 receptors, similar to BLT1 receptors, are G protein coupled receptors that, when ligand-bound, activate G proteins that contain either the Gi alpha subunit and are therefore inhibited by pertussis toxin or the Gq alpha subunit and therefore not inhibited by pertussis toxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transcriptome analyses revealed that Caco-2 BBE cells respond to stimulation with IL-8 supporting the hypothesis that IL-8 induces G protein-coupled receptor signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-8 can signal through two receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2 both of which are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used a previously established model of mouse primary enteric neuronal cells and an enteric neuronal cell line treated with palmitate (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and enteric neuronal cell death. (emory.edu)
  • In the present study, we first assessed the effects of PFOA on the transcriptome of the human Namalwa B cell line using RNA seq analysis. (wur.nl)
  • BLT2 is a Cell surface receptor that functions by recognizing, binding, and mediating responses to a particular set of messenger molecules or ligands. (wikipedia.org)
  • Receptor binding activates proteases that can carry out proteolytic cleavage of the S protein. (pubannotation.org)
  • Outcomes ZINC40099027 activates FAK in suspended LY2811376 and migrating cells Treating suspended Caco-2 cells with 10?nM ZINC40099027 at 37?C for 1?hour increased FAK-Tyr 397 phosphorylation vs. DMSO handles (Fig.?1a), by 14.8? (euromed2016.com)
  • These total results demonstrate that ZINC40099027 activates FAK in both suspended and migrating Caco-2 cells. (euromed2016.com)
  • Cell Culture Infectivity Assay for Norovirus cally resemble in vivo tissues and organs ( 25 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The present invention provides a simple and robust human liver cell-based system in which persistent hepatitis C infection, persistent hepatitis B infection or ethanol exposure induces a clinical Prognostic Liver Signature (PLS) high-risk gene signature. (sumobrain.com)
  • COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which caused the pandemic since the first outbreak in late December 2019. (bvsalud.org)
  • The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that has been recently implicated as an essential host factor for SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, GRP78 inhibition may be a promising approach to augment existing therapies to block SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and other viruses that utilize GRP78 for entry and infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Potential protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection by APOE rs7412 polymorphism. (cdc.gov)
  • Discovered several years after the leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1), BLT2 receptor binds leukotriene B4 (LTB4) with far lower affinity than the BLT1 receptor does and therefore has been termed the low affinity LTB4 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • isoform 2) was PCR amplified, digested with XhoI and BamHI (New Britain Biolabs, Ipswich, MA) and ligated to a likewise digested vector pEGFP-N3 (Takara Bio USA, Inc., Hill Watch, CA). co-display, and atomistic computations confirm SIRP binds and bends Compact disc47 in and interactions. (azd1152.com)
  • The endothelial cells that conform the BBB limit the passage of blood circulating endogenous substrates and larger molecules to the brain. (readycell.com)
  • NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. (cusabio.com)
  • ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. (frontiersin.org)
  • The migration was investigated by the transwell, and the apoptosis and cell cycle were assayed by the flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Membrane enriched extracts (40 µg lysate) of Caco-2 (Lane 1), Caco-2 treated with IFN Gamma (50 ng/mL for 24hrs) (Lane 2), A-431 (Lane 3), HEL 92.1.7 (Lane 4) and Jurkat (Lane 5). (thermofisher.com)
  • Caco2 cell lysate. (abcam.com)
  • These glycoproteins include the CD98 heavy chain protein of Mus musculus (gbU25708) and the orthologous 4F2 cell surface antigen heavy chain of Homo sapiens (spP08195). (tcdb.org)
  • Further, the mucosal administration of CTB conjugated to autoantigens was shown to mediate synthesis of T cell cytokines in response to the antigen or autoantigen complicated. (laaz.org)
  • it also stimulates cells to activate Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), Protein kinase B (also known as Akt), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT protein (i.e. signal transducer and activator of transcription, NADPH oxidase (NOX), and NF-κB pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • ZINC40099027 stimulates Caco-2 cell monolayer wound closure Incubation with 10?nM ZINC40099027 for LY2811376 24?hours accelerated Caco-2 epithelial monolayer wound closure by 20.7? (euromed2016.com)
  • In the Caco-2 BBE model of polarized villus-like epithelium, apical stimulation with TLR2 and TLR5 ligands resulted in the apical secretion of IL-8. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is not known if CXCR1 is expressed on the apical or basolateral poles in polarized Caco-2 BBE cells or human intestinal tissue or whether the direction of TLR signalling influences the direction of IL-8 secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we investigated IL-8 secretion in response to TLR signalling using intestinal Caco-2 BBE cells grown in the Transwell system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stimulation of polarized Caco-2 BBE cells with Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4, agonists for TLR2/6 and TLR2/1 from the apical or basolateral sides induced secretion of IL-8 predominantly into the apical compartment regardless of the location of the stimulus, although basolateral stimulation induced smaller amounts of IL-8 compared to apical stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several functional components of the epithelium contribute to this unique role, among them the secretion of a mucus layer and life-long regeneration of the different epithelial cell types from a stem cell compartment, allowing for quick repair of barrier defects 2 . (nature.com)
  • HT-29 cells showed the second-highest level of CXCL10 secretion. (bslonline.org)
  • No significantly measurable level of CXCL10 secretion was detected in HCT116 cells. (bslonline.org)
  • As shown in our previous study, KGM-modified SiO 2 nanoparticles (KSiNPs) effectively activate macrophages to differentiate into the M2-type phenotype by inducing mannose receptor (MR) clustering on the cell surface. (megazyme.com)
  • In PAE cells, soluble Sema4D promoted cell migration and developed a "tubulogenic" phenotype ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)
  • Furthermore, studies have shown HIF-mediated Sema4D induction in the generation of the pro-angiogenic phenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and have determined its biological significance for tumor growth and vascularity ( 10 ). (jcancer.org)
  • TRPA1 activation with the potent ligand allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) induces intracellular calcium flux in CD56dimCD16+ cells, which was prevented by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. (bvsalud.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in enterocytes causing the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). (emory.edu)
  • Self-Adjuvanting Lipoprotein Conjugate αGalCer-RBD Induces Potent Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern. (cdc.gov)
  • Research of binding and of a SIRP-expressing cancers LPA receptor 1 antibody line additionally verify in keeping with molecularly comprehensive simulations of the connections between Compact disc47 and SIRP on a single cell surface. (azd1152.com)
  • Reported immunotoxic effects of PFASs include decreased antibody responses in experimental animals and humans, indicating that PFASs may, among others, affect B cell function. (wur.nl)
  • COLO 320 cells were subjected to SDS PAGE followed by western blot with 14437-1-AP (TMPRSS2 antibody) at dilution of 1:1000 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptglab.com)
  • Human noroviruses are the leading cause of nonbacter- attachment to, entry into, and replication within cells of the ial, self-limiting gastrointestinal illness worldwide human gastrointestinal tract, and the resulting symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • Representative models of differentiated human intes- transmission are ingestion of contaminated food and water tinal epithelium can be established by growing cells in 3 and person-to-person contact ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We present cultured in the RWV bioreactors, with the rotation speed the results of our first attempts to infect a physiologically adjusted to maintain the cell aggregates in suspension dur- relevant 3-D small intestinal epithelium model (INT-407) ing the entire culture duration (18-20 rotations/min ini- with genogroup I and II human noroviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Laboratory, animal, and other pre-clinical studies suggest that BLT2 receptors may be involved not only in inflammation and allergy but also in human cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two BLT2-like receptors, Blt2a and Blt2b, with 49% amino acid identity to each other and 34% and 29%, respectively, amino acid identities to human BLT2 have been cloned from Zebrafish embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we investigated whether the TRPA1 channel is involved in the cytotoxicity of acrolein in human lung cancer A549 cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the SARS-CoV 2 S entry raised for VeroE6 cells and remained high in BHK cells that express human ACE. (pubannotation.org)
  • Here, we report the use of a targeted liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for concurrent quantification of multiple cytochrome P450 (P450), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and transporter proteins in cultured primary human hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Additionally, we determined the localization of the CXCR1 receptor in Caco-2 BBE cells and human intestinal tissue samples and investigated the role of IL-8 autocrine signalling using transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using human lung epithelial cells and pseudoviral particles carrying spike proteins from different SARS-CoV-2 variants, we found that YUM70 was equally effective at blocking viral entry mediated by original and variant spike proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • We used a cell-based human FXR β-lactamase ( Bla ) reporter gene assay to profile the Tox21 10K compound collection of environmental chemicals and drugs. (nature.com)
  • The main issue with gluten proteins is that the human digestive proteases can only partially degrade them leading to a mixture of peptides that elicit immune and toxic effects in predisposed individuals and cell lines [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Recognition of human and rabbit goal cell glycoconjugates as compared with cholera toxin. (laaz.org)
  • The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has given rise to many new variants with increased transmissibility and the ability to evade vaccine protection. (bvsalud.org)
  • There were three nucleotide variants (T471C/A600G/C862T) frequently detected in cancer cell lines. (jcancer.org)
  • Within the present examine, researchers decided the useful affect of AA substitutions that distinguish the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants from the early SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan isolate. (healthitizer.com)
  • The 43 non-synonymous substitutions within the S protein of BA.1 and BA.2 variants had been launched individually into the Wuhan Hu-1 pressure by site-directed mutagenesis. (healthitizer.com)
  • The 20 frequent AA adjustments of BA.1 and BA.2 variants had no vital affect on VSVpp infectivity. (healthitizer.com)
  • The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates the homeostasis of bile acids, lipids and glucose. (nature.com)
  • In addition, C3R inhibited the formation of cholesterol micelles and bound to primary and secondary bile acid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most common histologic abnormality was lamina propria hemorrhage (all cases) with many cases also showing lamina propria fibrin deposition with red cell sludging and nuclear debris (7 cases). (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • 2 SARS-CoV2 cell entry is not complex Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of the minimum proteins required to mediate the SARS-CoV2 cell entry. (pubannotation.org)
  • Fig. 1 Proteins required for the SARS-CoV2-cell entry. (pubannotation.org)
  • When the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was stressed, HSPA5 translocated to the cell surface, the mitochondria, and the nucleus complexed with other proteins to execute its functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Subsequently, the neutralization sensitivity of Hu-1, Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 S proteins by sera from 5 BNT162b2-vaccinated people was evaluated. (healthitizer.com)
  • The group noticed that sera collected two weeks post-second dose had considerably decrease neutralization of BA.1 and BA.2 S proteins than Hu-1 or Delta S proteins. (healthitizer.com)
  • Functional evaluation of natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in NFKB2-mutated patients. (cusabio.com)
  • In the current study, we review the newest research progresses on cell surface protein HSPA5 expressions, functions, and mechanisms for cancers and SARS-CoV-2 invasion. (bvsalud.org)
  • To make the tumor focusing on more particular, PA-L1 and PA-U2 were mutated on their homo-oligomerization domain to render them complementary, making them even more particular to most cancers cells expressing each proteases. (laaz.org)
  • Distant constituents of the APC superfamily are the AAAP family (TC# 2.A.18), the ArAAP family (TC# 2.A.42) and the STP family (TC# 2.A.43). (tcdb.org)
  • Nevertheless, because we had been interested in the ramifications of these substances on epithelial sheet migration, we following evaluated the result of ZINC40099027 in migrating Caco-2 cells, utilizing a style of sparse seeding to LY2811376 make little islands of migrating cells as previously defined5. (euromed2016.com)
  • The migration was also impaired in FASN-silenced cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Leukotriene B4 receptor 2, also known as BLT2, BLT2 receptor, and BLTR2, is an Integral membrane protein that is encoded by the LTB4R2 gene in humans and the Ltbr2 gene in mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Several years after their identification of a Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor termed BLT1 or BLTR1 and encoded by the LTB4R1 gene, Shimizu and colleagues identified a second LTB4 receptor, BLT2 or BLTR2, encoded by the LTB4R2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • We generated chimeric recombinant SARS-CoV-2 encoding the S gene of Omicron in the backbone of an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 isolate and compared this virus with the naturally circulating Omicron variant. (biorxiv.org)
  • The mutational inactivation of the TP53 gene in tumor cells has been reported to affect not only tumor cells but also the surrounding cells in the tumor microenvironment and to promote tumor-stromal activation and subsequent tumor growth ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Pertussis toxin sensitivity is an imported test for G protein receptor linkages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gb 3 glycosphingolipids are the specific receptors for bacterial Shiga toxin. (springer.com)
  • Sun J.B., Czerkinsky C., Holmgren J. Mucosally induced immunological tolerance, regulatory T cells and the adjuvant effect by cholera toxin B subunit. (laaz.org)
  • Isomura I., Yasuda Y., Tsujimura K., Takahashi T., Tochikubo K., Morita A. Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit prompts dendritic cells and enhances antitumor immunity. (laaz.org)
  • The latter citation presents a phylogenic tree on the amino acid relatedness of these two receptors as well as those from humans, monkeys, dogs, rats and mice to each other. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipid nano-systems stand out as one of the most attractive vehicles that can fuse with endothelial cells and transport active compounds. (mdpi.com)
  • Infected cells secreted the DAMP protein, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), into the culture media, as revealed by proteomic and Western analyses. (emory.edu)
  • 2013). (ii) Blockade of Compact disc47 frequently causes lack of bloodstream cells, rBCs especially, through splenic macrophages presumably. (azd1152.com)
  • For the analysis of GSLs, they are extracted from tissues and cells using organic solvents. (springer.com)
  • HSPA5, highly expressed in the malignant tumors, likely plays a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 invasion/attack in cancer patients via tumor tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thereby, AA adjustments within the S protein's N-terminal (NTD) and receptor-binding (RBD) domains enhance the resistance to neutralization by antibodies. (healthitizer.com)
  • Abcam is leading the way in addressing this with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation. (abcam.com)
  • The mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), composed mainly of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, is part of the first line of defense against pathogens. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Studies of viral attachment to cells on porous collagen-I coated microcarrier beads under cultured gastrointestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) using conditions of physiological fluid shear in rotating wall ves- recombinant virus-like particles or infectious noroviruses sel bioreactors. (cdc.gov)
  • In coronaviruses, cleavage occurs at two sites: the S1/S2 junction and at the S2′, a region close to the viral fusion peptide [2]. (pubannotation.org)
  • The immunodominant 33-mer peptide comprises residues 57 to 89 of α-2-gliadin (LQLQPFPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQPF). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • AP-1, a transcription factor, was activated in the cells treated with 50 µM acrolein for 24 h, while induction of NF-κB and HIF-1α was observed in the cells treated with 500 µM acrolein for 30 min. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study we investigated the mechanisms involved in the induction of oxidative stress and impairment of mitochondrial quality control and mitophagy in hepatocytes by the saturated fatty acid palmitate and Western diet feeding in mice and if their harmful effects could be reversed by the neurotrophic factor glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). (emory.edu)
  • Because endogenous chemicals bind and activate FXR, it is important to examine which xenobiotic compounds would disrupt normal receptor function. (nature.com)
  • Essential elements that process SARS-CoV2 cell entry and specific characteristics that allow SARS-CoV2 to escape the immune system have the potential as targets for COVID-19 therapy. (pubannotation.org)
  • However, cancer cell lines may exhibit different drug responses depending upon the characteristics of the cell line. (bslonline.org)
  • Therefore, it is necessary to select a tumor cell line suitable for the purpose of the study by considering the cell characteristics. (bslonline.org)
  • Reasons theorized include different receptor characteristics in male and female urinary tracts and a bacterial predilection for Foley catheters over condom catheters, which are used more commonly in males. (medscape.com)