Receptor p38 mitogen activated protein kinases. Medical search. Frequent questions

Pamapimod is a potent inhibitor of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), central for the cellular response in many diseases. (swissbiotech.org)
Pexmetinib is a potent inhibitor of cytokine synthesis, via the dual inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Tie2/Tek receptor tyrosine kinase. (adooq.com)
RWJ-67657 is a potent p38 MAPK inhibitor. (adooq.com)
PD 169316 (PD169316) is a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK.1 that inhibits p38 MAPK with an IC50 of 89 nM. (adooq.com)
Cripto-1 overexpression in U87 glioblastoma cells activates MAPK, focal adhesion and ErbB pathways. (eurekaselect.com)
In this study, we compared the transport of IgE with that of immune complexes in both the apical-to-serosal and the serosal-to-apical directions across HT29 epithelial cell layers and examined the effects of two p38 MAPK inhibitors, SKF86002 and SB203580, on the expression and function of CD23. (mcmaster.ca)
Our study showed that both p38 MAPK inhibitors at 10 μM significantly inhibited constitutive and IL-4-upregulated CD23 protein expression in epithelial cells. (mcmaster.ca)
IL-4 upregulated the phosphorylation and activity of p38 MAPK and the phosphorylation of the downstream substrate MAPKAPK-2 (MK-2). (mcmaster.ca)
Our results indicate that CD23 expression in these human intestinal epithelial cells is mediated through the p38 MAPK pathway and that inhibition of p38 MAPK consequently interferes with the transport of IgE and immune complexes across the intestinal epithelial barrier. (mcmaster.ca)
Moreover, H37Ra infection induced PGE 2 production through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
Hence, in Mtb-infected Mφs, PGE 2 production induced by pathogen recognition receptors/p38 MAPK signaling is upregulated by EP4-triggered signaling to maintain an effective PGE 2 concentration. (elsevierpure.com)
Cannabinoids Promote Progression of HPV Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via p38 MAPK Activation. (rxleaf.com)
In the 2020 California study described above, researchers discovered that THC activates a molecular mechanism called p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK). (rxleaf.com)
Researchers found that activation of p38 MAPK inhibits cell death. (rxleaf.com)
have pointed to the relationship between THC and p38 MAPK, including research [5] Herrera, Blanca, et al. (rxleaf.com)
p38 MAPK Is Involved in CB2 Receptor-Induced Apoptosis of Human Leukaemia Cells. (rxleaf.com)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 phosphorylates Siah2 under hypoxic conditions, causing it to relocalize to the cytoplasm and subsequently increases its ubiquitin-targeted degradation activity ( 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The detection results in the activation and interplay of the seven main signalling cascades: the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the insulin-like receptor (ILR), the Toll-like receptor (TLR), a transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), the programmed cell death (PCD), the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). (biomedcentral.com)
In recent years, the MAPK family has been found to be an important signal-regulating enzyme between cell surface receptors and determinants of gene expression ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, PGG exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, resulting in inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. (molcells.org)
SFK inhibition also induced muscle differentiation in RMS cells by affecting the NOTCH3 receptor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis, which regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in serum-induced secretion of LIF and IL-6 by bone marrow stromal cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
FCS also induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). (unboundmedicine.com)
3: Both PD98059 (MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor) and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) attenuated FCS-induced LIF protein production and gene expression. (unboundmedicine.com)
5: These findings demonstrate that both ERK and p38 MAPK are involved in FCS-induced LIF secretion, whereas only p38 MAPK is important for IL-6 secretion, and that FCS-induced activation of JNK has no effect on the production of LIF and IL-6. (unboundmedicine.com)
Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. (plos.org)
Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
This mutant, which we called boygirl ( byg ), was shown to contain an early stop codon that disrupts the autosomal gene encoding MAP3K4, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (plos.org)

U0126 is a potent and selective non-competitive inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase. (rndsystems.com)
Identification of a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. (rndsystems.com)
Free shipping on inhibitor and protein orders over $500. (adooq.com)
SB202190 is a highly selective, potent and cell-permeable inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase. (adooq.com)
SX 011 is a selective p38α, p38β and JNK-2 inhibitor. (adooq.com)
SB 203580 is a specific inhibitor of p38α and p38β which suppresses downstream activation of MAPKAP kinase-2 and heat shock protein 27. (adooq.com)
Findings In this phase 2 randomized clinical trial of 91 patients with endocrine-resistant, metastatic breast cancer who were previously treated with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, participants were randomized to receive treatment with alisertib alone or combined with fulvestrant. (kanker-actueel.nl)
Meaning The trial results found that while alisertib did not restore fulvestrant sensitivity and increase ORRs, promising clinical activity was observed with alisertib monotherapy among patients with endocrine-resistant and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor-resistant metastatic breast cancer. (kanker-actueel.nl)
Importance Aurora A kinase (AURKA) activation, related in part to AURKA amplification and variants, is associated with downregulation of estrogen receptor (ER) α expression, endocrine resistance, and implicated in cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK 4/6i) resistance. (kanker-actueel.nl)
Intrathecal administration of SB203580, a p38 kinase inhibitor, significantly reduced mechanical allodynia, TNF -α expression in the subepidermal plexus, and increased both ELC and SLC populations during the period of mechanical allodynia. (transhumanist.ru)
The human trabecular meshwork cells were treated with t BHP for 1 or 2 h with or without pretreatment of SB203580, an inhibitor of MAP kinase homologs. (molvis.org)

What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Both CB 1 and CB 2 receptors, which share a low level (44%) of sequence homology [6], are G protein-coupled receptors that mainly signal via G i /G o proteins, even though they may also activate G s , G q/11 , and G protein-independent signaling pathways [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
We hypothesized that PEA protects HT22 cells from oxidative stress and activates neuroprotective kinase signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Together, the results of the current study suggest that the protective effect of vitexin reduces sevoflurane‑induced neuronal apoptosis through HIF‑1α‑, VEGF‑ and p38‑associated signaling pathways in newborn rats. (spandidos-publications.com)

This might be due to modification of the GR by means of phosphorylation as a result of activation of several kinases (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase α, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase γ, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1), which in turn might be due to reduced activity and expression of phosphatases, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase A2. (nih.gov)
Here, we identified that PEA can increase ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of phospho-Akt (Ser473) (pAkt) which suggests that the neuroprotective effects of PEA may be mediated, in part, by activation of these kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, p38 phosphorylation was not inhibited, suggesting that 4-HNE affects kinase activity. (monocyte.eu)

Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors. (rndsystems.com)
Strategies for managing steroid resistance include alternative anti-inflammatory drugs, but a novel approach is to reverse steroid resistance by increasing HDAC2 expression, which can be achieved with theophylline and phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ inhibitors. (nih.gov)
For rheumatic diseases, specific Jak3 and Syk inhibitors are, so far, the most successful compounds due to their good efficacy, representing a significant advantage over p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. (uzh.ch)

This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. (cancerindex.org)
Basal p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Unliganded Glucocorticoid Receptor Function in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. (ndriresource.org)
In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB 1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. (degruyter.com)
The existence of specific receptors for plant-derived molecules in mammalian cells initiated a search for specific endogenous ligands. (degruyter.com)
We previously reported that CD23/FcεRII (low-affinity IgE receptor) is expressed on human intestinal epithelial cells and is responsible for transepithelial transport of IgE. (mcmaster.ca)
The first and as yet only biological agent licensed for the treatment of asthma is omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds circulating IgE antibody, preventing it from binding to its specific high-affinity receptor on mast cells and basophils [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The results from this study reveal that PEA protects HT22 cells from oxidative stress and alters the localization and expression levels of kinases known to be involved in neuroprotection by a novel mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells, estrogen increases Siah2 levels, resulting in degradation of the nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (N-CoR) and a reduction in N-CoR-mediated repressive effects on gene expression, thus promoting cancer growth ( 12 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Western blotting assay was implemented to check the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B. Results revealed that piperine induced dose reliant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (ijpsonline.com)
Moreover, these receptors are functional, as treatment of FRT tissue cells with ligands for TLR and NOD induces production of proinflammatory CXCL8 [ 13 ], and those receptors actively participate in immune response to pathogens, as Neisseria gonorrhea and HIV-1 [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this epithelium, as well as in the more fragile single cell layer epithelium of endocervix, the cells are held together by proteins that form desmosomes, tight junctions, and adherens junctions, which decrease its permeability [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
The family members are a group of evolutionarily conserved enzymes in mammalian cells, including four subclasses: ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and ERK5 ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
VEGF is purified from bovine pituitary follicular cells in 1959 and is a vascular endothelial cell-specific mitogen that promotes the growth of vascular endothelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
This study is to investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in tert -butyl hydroperoxide ( t BHP)-induced apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork (iHTM) cells. (molvis.org)
TY - JOUR T1 - Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase family in serum-induced leukaemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 secretion by bone marrow stromal cells. (unboundmedicine.com)

Non-receptor tyrosine kinases and the actin cytoskeleton in contractile vascular smooth muscle. (manchester.ac.uk)

Finally, Western blotting assay predicted constant expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B and reduced expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
Hence, evidenced the blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
It induced apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)

This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. (cancerindex.org)
HDAC2 appears to mediate the action of steroids to switch off activated inflammatory genes, but in patients with COPD, patients with severe asthma, and smokers with asthma, HDAC2 activity and expression are reduced by oxidative stress through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ. (nih.gov)
Humans have 2 Siah proteins, Siah1 and Siah2, derived from the SIAH1 and SIAH2 genes, respectively. (aacrjournals.org)
The Y-linked sex determining gene SRY regulates this process by initiating a pathway of gene and protein expression, including the expression of critical autosomal genes such as SOX9 . (plos.org)

The results demonstrated that Vitexin pretreatment significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis, and inhibited caspase‑3 activity, apoptosis regulator BAX protein expression and malondialdehyde levels in sevoflurane‑induced newborn rats. (spandidos-publications.com)

Previously, we reported that in macrophages (Mφs), infection with avirulent Mtb H37Ra resulted in inhibition of necrosis by an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial permeability transition via the PGE 2 receptor EP2. (elsevierpure.com)
Inhibition of the 3 classical mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 kinase, ERK, and JNK) revealed kinase-dependent differences in reductions in cytokine production by the 2 Candida species. (bath.ac.uk)
Decreased cytokine production after inhibition of dectin 1 revealed that this receptor plays a major role in the recognition of both C. albicans and C. parapsilosis . (bath.ac.uk)
In the human monocytic MonoMac 6 cell line, 4-HNE caused selective inhibition of the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and ERK1/ERK2, but not JNK. (monocyte.eu)

Pioglitazone is an activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma marketed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (swissbiotech.org)
Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)

MYFs differentiated from their progenitors migrate to the tips of growing septa and secret extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen and tropoelastin, which provide the driving force for septal protrusion [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

PEA treatment can activate the ERK1/2 MAP kinase and Akt proteins as determined by microfluorimetric measurements. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in monocytes, the activities of all three kinases were inhibited, suggesting that the effects of 4-HNE were exerted at points upstream of ERK1/ERK2 and JNK as the levels of the phosphorylated kinases were reduced. (monocyte.eu)
In view of the roles of p38, ERK1/ERK2, JNK, and nuclear factor-kappaB in inflammation, the data suggest that 4-HNE, at nontoxic concentrations, has anti-inflammatory properties, most likely through an effect on these signaling molecules, and could lead to the development of novel treatments for inflammatory diseases. (monocyte.eu)

Both AEA and 2-AG are generated "on demand" from membrane phospholipid precursors in response to elevated intracellular calcium or metabotropic receptor activation [ 20 ]. (degruyter.com)

Adenosine is metabolized by adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase. (dissertations.se)
Additional benefit in the treatment of inflammatory diseases may be provided by targeting CD80, IL-12/IL-23, AP-1 transcription factor and receptors modulating cellular activation like chemokine receptors, Toll-like receptors and adenosine A3 receptor. (uzh.ch)

Similarly, indices of cell loss (reduced DNA), cell size and neuritic outgrowth (protein/DNA and membrane/total protein ratios) were distinct for each region and did not necessarily follow the rank order of nAChR upregulation, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms such as oxidative stress. (nature.com)

A growing body of literature implicates the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are endogenous lipid ligands that bind to cannabinoid receptors that also mediate the effects of marijuana. (degruyter.com)
The eCB system is comprised of eCBs, anandamide, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, their cannabinoid-1 and cannabinoid-2 receptors (CB 1 and CB 2 , respectively), and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation. (degruyter.com)
In addition to the brain-type CB 1 receptor, a second cannabinoid receptor was identified in lymphoid tissue and was named CB 2 [ 6 ]. (degruyter.com)
Arachidonylethanolamide (AEA) is a well characterized NAE that is an endogenous ligand at cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors, but it exists in small quantities relative to other NAE types. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we determined that changes in pAkt immunoreactivity elicited by PEA were not mediated by activation of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), thus indicating a novel mechanism of action. (biomedcentral.com)
This result further substantiates a non-cannabinoid receptor- and a non-vanilloid receptor-mediated function for some NAEs. (biomedcentral.com)

Protein kinase C regulates human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. (rndsystems.com)
Normally, activation of the CB 1 receptor regulates renal vascular hemodynamics and stimulates the transport of ions and proteins in different nephron compartments. (degruyter.com)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) comprise a large family of proteins activated by a wide range of proinflammatory cytokines and environmental stress. (molvis.org)
4: Expression of a dominant-negative mutant form of JNK1 that blocked FCS-induced JNK activity had no effect on protein production and gene expression of these cytokines. (unboundmedicine.com)

MAPKs are short for the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. (spandidos-publications.com)

In addition to dynorphin, a variety of natural alkaloids, terpenes and synthetic ligands bind to the receptor. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, drugs that block components of the arachidonic acid pathway that targets neutrophilic asthma and CRTH2 receptor antagonists that inhibit the proinflammatory actions of prostaglandin D 2 may become available. (biomedcentral.com)
Siah proteins, evolutionarily conserved E3 RING zinc finger ubiquitin ligases, have recently been implicated in various cancers and show promise as novel anticancer drug targets. (aacrjournals.org)
Recent data suggest that SRC family kinases (SFKs) could represent potential therapeutic targets for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children. (oncotarget.com)

Activated inflammatory cel s, in- persistent inflammation cluding neutrophils and macrophag- es, produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. (who.int)

The brain has shown the presence of various components of brain RAS such as angiotensinogen (AGT), converting enzymes, angiotensin (Ang), and specific receptors (ATR). (hindawi.com)

In patients with severe asthma, several molecular mechanisms have been identified that might account for reduced steroid responsiveness, including reduced nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) α after binding corticosteroids. (nih.gov)

The mechanism of action of 4-HNE appears to be downstream of lipopolysaccharide-receptor binding. (monocyte.eu)
In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9 , a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. (plos.org)

Nishimura, T., Zhao, X., Gan, H., Koyasu, S., and Remold, H. G. The prostaglandin E 2 receptor EP4 is integral to a positive feedback loop for prostaglandin E 2 production in human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (elsevierpure.com)

MicroRNA-10a controls airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via direct targeting of the PI3 kinase pathway. (ndriresource.org)

Fetal brain regions and peripheral tissues were examined for nAChR subtypes, other neurotransmitter receptors, and indices of cell signaling and cell damage. (nature.com)
Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human adult normal duodenal and colonic biopsy tissues obtained from 6 persons (3 duodenal and 3 colonic, all without influenza infection) were used for virus receptors distribution study. (cdc.gov)

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 activation constricts the human bronchus via the release of cysteinyl leukotrienes. (ndriresource.org)
In contrast, activation of the renal CB 2 receptors reduces the deleterious effects of these chronic diseases. (degruyter.com)
[ 1 ] Consumption and subsequent exhaustion of coagulation proteins and platelets (from ongoing activation of coagulation) may induce severe bleeding, though microclot formation may occur in the absence of severe clotting factor depletion and bleeding. (medscape.com)

The KOR may provide a natural addiction control mechanism, and therefore, drugs that target this receptor may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of addiction. (wikipedia.org)
The abundance of other NAE species, such as palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), together with their largely unknown function and receptors, has prompted us to examine the neuroprotective properties and mechanism of action of PEA. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, PEA shares a similar mechanism of action with other neuroprotectants providing further evidence for the importance of kinase signaling in neuroprotection. (biomedcentral.com)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
A gene expression array showed significantly increased expression of CCR3, a receptor of eotaxin-3, in PC-3. (cancerindex.org)
Expression analysis of mutant XY gonads at the same stage also reveals a dramatic reduction in Sox9 and, crucially, Sry at the transcript and protein levels. (plos.org)
Malnutrition, both protein-energy mal- aimed to assess the use of CD95 expression nutrition (PEM) and micronutrient defi- as a marker for following up these patients ciencies, continues to be a major health during their nutritional rehabilitation and burden in developing countries. (who.int)

The intraepidermal nerve fibers and subepidermal nerve plexus were identified by immunohistochemistry of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and tropomyosin-receptor kinase (Trk) A, the high affinity nerve growth factor receptor. (transhumanist.ru)

The KOR is a type of opioid receptor that binds the opioid peptide dynorphin as the primary endogenous ligand (substrate naturally occurring in the body). (wikipedia.org)
This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and RANTES (CCL5). (cancerindex.org)

However, only one cDNA clone has been identified, hence these receptor subtypes likely arise from interaction of one KOR protein with other membrane associated proteins. (wikipedia.org)

The κ-opioid receptor or kappa opioid receptor, abbreviated KOR or KOP for its ligand ketazocine, is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the OPRK1 gene. (wikipedia.org)

Briefly, it is known that tol-1 , a homologue of the Drosophila Toll-receptor, plays a role. (biomedcentral.com)

Other adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin and, to a lesser extent, resistin and retinol binding protein-4 are also involved. (wjgnet.com)
The adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, are thought to transmit the insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and atheroprotective effects of adiponectin. (diabetesjournals.org)

However, human Mφs also express EP4, a PGE 2 receptor functionally closely related to EP2 that also couples to stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein, but the functional differences between EP2 and EP4 in Mtb-infected Mφs have been unclear. (elsevierpure.com)

Characterization of the brain penetrant neuropeptide Y Y 2 receptor antagonist SF-11. (rndsystems.com)
Intrinsic brain RAS is an enzyme-neuropeptide system having functional components (angiotensinogen, peptidases, angiotensin, and specific receptor proteins) with important biological and neurobiological activities in the brain. (hindawi.com)

These effects can be chronically ameliorated by CB 1 receptor blockers. (degruyter.com)

In addition, the deubiquitinating enzyme USP13 reduces the substrate degradation activity of Siah proteins ( 11 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs178

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

MAPK28

Inhibitor11

Pathways4

Phosphorylation3

Inhibitors3

Cells15

Tyrosine kinases1

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kina3

Genes4

Apoptosis1

Inhibition4

PPAR2

Extracellular1

ERK13

Intracellular1

Adenosine2

Oxidative stress1

Peroxisome1

Cannabinoid6

Regulates2

Cytokines2

MAPKs1

Ligands1

Targets3

Inflammation1

Specific receptors1

Glucocorticoid receptor1

Downstream2

Macrophages1

Cell Proliferation1

Tissues2

Activation3

Mechanism3

Expression4

High affinity1

Binds2

Subtypes1

Humans1

Role1

Adiponectin2

Functionally1

Neuropeptide2

Blockers1

Reduces1