• Medicines called PCSK9 inhibitors lower cholesterol-increasing LDL receptors. (cdc.gov)
  • Reducing PCSK9 can help your liver break down more LDL cholesterol and encourage healthy cholesterol levels. (dallasnews.com)
  • PCSK9 helps regulate the amount of LDL-cholesterol in the bloodstream through its interactions with the LDL-receptor. (genengnews.com)
  • Furthermore, genetic studies in humans have reportedly demonstrated that elevation in PCSK9 concentrations can lead to severely high concentrations of LDL-cholesterol, whereas low PCSK9 concentrations are associated with low LDL-cholesterol concentrations. (genengnews.com)
  • Familial Hypercholesterolemia results from mutations in the LDL receptor, ApoB, PCSK9, and ApoE genes. (hindawi.com)
  • The enzyme proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, or PCSK9, regulates cholesterol metabolism by binding and chaperoning the low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, receptor to be degraded. (asbmb.org)
  • That receptor clears LDL from circulation, making PCSK9 an appealing drug target: Blocking PCSK9 lowers blood LDL concentration, thereby reducing risk for cardiovascular disease. (asbmb.org)
  • The enzyme PCSK9 protein regulates cholesterol metabolism by degrading the low-density lipoprotein receptor. (asbmb.org)
  • Furin post-translationally modifies extracellular PCSK9 to form PCSK9_55, which has reduced capacity for LDL receptor degradation. (asbmb.org)
  • A recent discovery showed that statin therapy stimulates the production of PCSK9, an enzyme that leads to the destruction of LDL receptors. (acc.org)
  • The present study tested SAR236553/REGN727, a monoclonal antibody that binds to PCSK9, blocking its effects and preventing the degradation of LDL receptors. (acc.org)
  • ABL is a rare disease associated with a unique plasma lipoprotein profile in which LDL and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) are essentially absent. (medscape.com)
  • The 4 major lipoproteins are very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and chylomicrons (CMs). (medscape.com)
  • As the mass of TO in the diet increased, plasma VLDL-cholesterol concentrations rose. (cambridge.org)
  • The TM-rich diets produced a concentration-dependent increase in total plasma cholesterol which was a result of significant increases in both VLDL and HDL levels. (cambridge.org)
  • ApoB containing lipoproteins that also contain apoE (apoE remnants, VLDL) can cause cholesterol accumulation via interaction of apoE with apoE receptors including the LRP1 and the VLDL receptor, which are not regulated by cellular cholesterol. (endotext.org)
  • 20%), the LDL goal is under 100 mg/dL, and the goal for non-HDL cholesterol (LDL plus very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL]) is below 130 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
  • The overall effect is a decrease in plasma LDL and VLDL. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • ApoB-100 is carried on VLDL and the lipoproteins derived from its metabolism, including VLDL remnants or intermediate-density lipoprotein and LDL. (medscape.com)
  • Se une y es necesaria para la degradación lisosómica del RECEPTOR DE LDL (LDLR), el receptor de VLDL y el RECEPTOR de APOLIPOPROTEÍNA E. También regula la APOPTOSIS neuronal. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, the LDL particle also tended to either preferentially deliver cholesterol to scavenger receptors or stick to the arterial wall matrix. (newkerala.com)
  • Macrophage scavenger receptors, such as CD36 and class A scavenger receptor (SR-A), have previously been thought to play a central role in foam cell formation and atherogenesis by mediating the uptake of oxidized LDL. (jci.org)
  • Scavenger receptors expressed on the surface of macrophages that may contribute to the uptake of modified lipoproteins include SR-A, CD36, SR-BI, PSOX, MARCO, and lectin-like OxLDL receptor 1 (LOX-1). (jci.org)
  • TLR4), and scavenger receptors involved in cholesterol uptake (SR-AI, CD-36). (biorxiv.org)
  • CXCL16, which was originally described as a scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (SR-PSOX), is one of the few scavenger receptors that has two distinct forms: membrane-bound and soluble. (medsci.org)
  • While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) are relatively uncommon inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism that cause low cholesterol levels. (medscape.com)
  • These effects on lipoprotein metabolism may be exerted through specific modulation of the expression of the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein B genes. (cambridge.org)
  • Cholesterol-related disorders have been associated with sEH, which plays an important role in the metabolism of cholesterol precursors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, this review focused on the metabolism of cholesterol and its association with AD. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cholesterol metabolism in the brain is independent of peripheral tissues due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that impairs the entrance of the protein-bound lipid into the central nervous system (CNS). (frontiersin.org)
  • Brain tissues contain large amounts of cholesterol, up to 25% of the body's cholesterol content ( Dietschy, 2009 ) whose metabolism and complex homeostasis regulation in the CNS remain unclear ( Zhang and Liu, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, we discuss cholesterol metabolism and its implication in AD. (frontiersin.org)
  • Type "B" repeats in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor that plays a central role in mammalian cholesterol metabolism. (embl.de)
  • Lipid rafts are loosely defined as clusters of cholesterol and saturated lipids forming regions of lipid heterogeneity in cellular membranes (e.g., the ganglioside GM1). (wikipedia.org)
  • The association of proteins to lipid rafts is cholesterol dependent and regulates the proteins function (e.g., substrate presentation). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholesterol regulates the function of several membrane proteins associated with lipid rafts. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, cholesterol directly regulates the affinity of palmitoylated proteins for GM1 containing lipid rafts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholesterol signaling through lipid rafts can be attenuated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate signaling (PIP2). (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to lipid rafts, cholesterol can also interact with proteins that possess lipid-binding domains, such as certain types of sterol-sensing domains or cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) motifs. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a signaling lipid cholesterol may act as a ligand. (wikipedia.org)
  • The regulation of ion channels by cholesterol can stem from both direct binding interactions and an indirect influence, facilitated by the localization of palmitoylated residues within lipid rafts. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cholesterol controls the clustering of amyloid precursor protein with gamma secretase in GM1 lipid domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • post-menopausal women with a higher serum FSH (≥78.3 IU/L) had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than those with relatively lower FSH levels (40-78.3 IU/L), and ovariectomized mice had higher serum FSH and lipid levels and reduced hepatic LDL receptor expression. (nature.com)
  • The study, published in the Journal of Lipid Research, showed that in obesity, it is not the quantity but the quality of LDL that contributes to disease becoming worse due to obesity-associated inflammation. (newkerala.com)
  • The CE generated by ACAT is stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets, where there is a continual cycle of hydrolysis to FC by neutral cholesterol esterase and re-esterification by ACAT. (endotext.org)
  • The majority of cholesterol is present in myelin sheaths and in neuronal membranes, where this lipid fulfills structural and functional tasks. (nature.com)
  • In the current study, we established a model combining hyperglycemia with hyperlipidemia in LDL receptor-deficient (LDL-RD) mice and assessed its possible influences on lipid profile, HSP60/65, and atherogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Plasma fasting glucose, lipid profile, and antibody levels to HSP65 and oxidized LDL were assessed. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Lipid-altering agents should be used in addition to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol when response to diet and nonpharmacological interventions alone has been inadequate. (nih.gov)
  • Among these associations, we found KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), TNFR (TNF [tumor necrosis factor] receptor) 1 and 2, TRAIL-R2 (TRAIL [TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand] receptor 2), and RETN (resistin) to be associated with all 4 lipid fractions. (lu.se)
  • Finally, it was verified that both the practice of recreational physical activities and regular and systematized physical exercises seem to benefit the lipid profile, specifically the HDL cholesterol of people with DS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results from our study contribute to a growing body of literature identifying key determinants of plasma lipoprotein concentrations and could provide insight into the biological mechanisms underlying serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Rare mutations of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) cause familial hypercholesterolemia, which increases the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Less is known about the implications of common genetic variation in the LDLR gene regarding the variability of cholesterol levels and risk of CAD. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • METHODS: Imputed genotype data at the LDLR locus on 1 644 individuals of a population-based sample were explored for association with LDL-C level. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Replication of association with LDL-C level was sought for the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the LDLR gene in three European samples comprising 6 642 adults and 533 children. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Adjustment for LDL-C levels by logistic regression or Mendelian Randomisation models abolished the significant association between rs2228671 with CAD completely, indicating a functional link between the genetic variant at the LDLR gene locus, change in LDL-C and risk of CAD. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • CONCLUSION: A common variant at the LDLR gene locus affects LDL-C levels and, thereby, the risk for CAD. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Native LDL is recognized by the LDL receptor (LDLR). (endotext.org)
  • Cholesterol regulation of the LDLR prevents foam cell formation via this receptor in the setting of hypercholesterolemia. (endotext.org)
  • The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, acting to regulate cholesterol homeostasis in mammalian cells. (embl.de)
  • Although heterozygotes are usually asymptomatic, they exhibit decreased LDL cholesterol and apoB levels and possibly have a decreased risk of atherosclerosis. (medscape.com)
  • The second is an apolipoprotein(a) which is bound to the LDL-like molecule at the ApoB receptor with a disulfide bond. (medscape.com)
  • Modifications of apoB containing lipoproteins induce significant cholesterol accumulation via a number of mechanisms. (endotext.org)
  • Cholesterol uptake by cells instigates inflammation, affecting both the central nervous system and the peripheral systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Berberine is a natural plant alkaloid that is believed to offer many health benefits such as blood sugar control, weight loss, improved gut health, less inflammation, and reduced cholesterol. (dallasnews.com)
  • besity-associated inflammation worsens 'bad cholesterol' and makes it function abnormally, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and certain cancers, according to a new study. (newkerala.com)
  • This aberrant behaviour stemmed from alterations in LDL biochemical composition induced by obesity-associated inflammation. (newkerala.com)
  • Vaccination of mice with recombinant HSP25 (rHSP25, murine ortholog of human rHSP27) increased AAb levels, attenuated atherogenesis and reduced plaque inflammation and cholesterol content. (biorxiv.org)
  • Thus, the HSP27 IC potentiates HSP27 cell membrane signaling with receptors involved in modulating inflammation and cholesterol uptake, as well as HSP27 internalization. (biorxiv.org)
  • To verify whether it suppressed inflammation by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) reprogramming of macrophage polarization, we used RAW264.7 macrophages treated with specific TLR9 agonist (ODN1826) and inhibitor (ODN2088). (bvsalud.org)
  • In the brain, cholesterol is synthesized in astrocytes and transported to neurons with the cholesterol transport protein apolipoprotein E (apoE). (wikipedia.org)
  • The ApoE isotype4 is the greatest risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's and this allele was shown to increase cholesterol in mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sheep's fecundity is determined by both twinning rate and litter size, both influenced by several genes, one of which is OLR1 (oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor gene). (researchsquare.com)
  • Hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA concentrations were significantly decreased in animals fed on TP, while apolipoprotein B mRNA concentrations were significantly increased. (cambridge.org)
  • Apolipoprotein B is the main protein component of LDL and accounts for approximately 95% of the total protein content of LDL. (cdc.gov)
  • TZDs markedly stimulate the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) into adipocytes, and this requires OLR1. (jci.org)
  • Statins act by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and thereby reducing cholesterol synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • If you look at LDL cholesterol trials where they gave statins to control LDL, the best predictor at that point of recurrent events was actually the lipoprotein(a) level, not the LDL level. (medscape.com)
  • resistin adversely impacts the effects of statins , the main cholesterol-reducing drug used in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. (wikidoc.org)
  • CHICAGO (March 26, 2012) -A novel monoclonal antibody identified in a new study dramatically lowered circulating LDL cholesterol by 40 percent to 72 percent, a development with potential to provide a new option for patients who are resistant to cholesterol-lowering drugs such as statins or to the current standard of care, according to research presented today at the American College of Cardiology's 61st Annual Scientific Session. (acc.org)
  • About one in five people with high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are resistant to cholesterol-lowering drugs such as statins, and for many others the current standard of care does not lower cholesterol enough. (acc.org)
  • We've known for 30 years that lowering LDL cholesterol with statins lowers the risk of heart disease and that the more you can lower LDL cholesterol, the greater reduction in that risk," said James McKenney, PharmD, chief executive officer of National Clinical Research, and the study's lead investigator. (acc.org)
  • This study aimed to determine the effects of the CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) pathway on cholesterol accumulation in the radial arteries of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with concomitant microinflammation and to further investigate the potential effects of the purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7R). (medsci.org)
  • Resistin accelerates the accumulation of LDL in arteries , increasing the risk of heart disease. (wikidoc.org)
  • The traditional statin therapy used by millions of Americans lowers LDL cholesterol - the "bad" cholesterol that leads to plaque build-up in the arteries and subsequently heart disease - by inhibiting the production of cholesterol in liver cells, causing an increase in the number of LDL receptors on the cell surface. (acc.org)
  • For instance, in the context of TLR4, cholesterol prompts receptor dimerization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxidation and/or glycation enhances internalization via a number of receptors that are not regulated by cholesterol, including CD36, scavenger receptor A (SRA), lectin-like receptors (LOX), and toll-like receptors (TLR4). (endotext.org)
  • In this study, we find that blocking FSH reduces serum cholesterol via inhibiting hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. (nature.com)
  • Decreased hepatic cholesterol concentrations stimulate the upregulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors which increases hepatic uptake of LDL. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Complete cloning and sequencing of rat gp330/"megalin," a distinctive member of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. (embl.de)
  • The membrane-bound form of CXCL16 binds and internalizes oxidative low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and promotes adhesion of cells expressing its cognate receptor, CXCR6 [ 6 , 7 ] . (medsci.org)
  • Consistently, the results indicate that FSH, independent of estrogen, increases the serum cholesterol level in this mouse model. (nature.com)
  • Thus, on a low-cholesterol diet, increasing the absolute amount of dietary palmitic acid increases LDL-cholesterol more than either myristic or stearic acid. (cambridge.org)
  • resistin increases the production of LDL in human liver cells and also degrades LDL receptors in the liver . (wikidoc.org)
  • Fenofibrate increases cholesterol excretion into the bile, leading to risk of cholelithiasis. (nih.gov)
  • They may also increase removal of LDL particles and increase apoA-I and apoA-II in the liver which may contribute to increase in HDL cholesterol levels. (cdc.gov)
  • The researchers found LDL particles became dysfunctional and were less efficient at delivering their cholesterol cargo to LDL receptors. (newkerala.com)
  • If i am to understand Chrs M's viewpoint, you would conclude that the mix of LDL particles between small and large is not as important as the total amount of LDL particles that carry cholesterol. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • IF this is correct, then a number of people in the Paleo community may be fooling themselves in to thinking that all is ok when most of their LDL particles are large. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • It may depend upon how many there are and for those on the high fat diet that might be as many as 2,000 particles floating around and potentially overwhelm the LDL receptors, hang around to long and degrade, get oxidized and cause an inflammatory reaction. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • I think what CM was saying is that time is of the essence: the longer the LDL particles are in the blood, the more likely the large particles will degenerate into small particles and oxidize. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • Transcription of these transporters is regulated by PPARγ and liver X receptor (LXR), and they are also subject to posttranscriptional regulation by apoAI. (jci.org)
  • While it is well established that the fatty acid composition of dietary fat is important in determining plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, the effects of changing the absolute quantities of the individual fatty acids are less clear. (cambridge.org)
  • Although the insulin receptor has a low affinity for IGF-I, IGF-I is present in the circulation at molar concentrations that are 1000 times those of insulin. (medscape.com)
  • Individuals with a genetic predisposition to high cholesterol can be especially vulnerable to metabolic syndrome, but researchers have now found that blocking the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, which helps synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, greatly improves the profile of FH-mice affected by metabolic syndrome. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Screening may be based on cholesterol levels or positive genetic tests for an LDL receptor function defect. (cdc.gov)
  • High cholesterol level, the major modifiable risk factor for heart disease, has both an environmental as well as a genetic component. (hindawi.com)
  • IGF-I deficiency can be the result of GH resistance or insensitivity due to genetic disorders of the GH receptor causing GH receptor deficiency (growth hormone receptor deficiency [GHRD], Laron syndrome) or postreceptor defects, including the principal transduction agent STAT5b, the IGF-I/IGFBP3 stabilizer acid labile subunit (ALS), the IGF-I gene, or the IGF-I receptor. (medscape.com)
  • High cholesterol induces APP hydrolysis and the eventual accumulation of amyloid plaques tau phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This effect, in turn, results in the upregulation of SREBP-2 , which drives HMGCR nascent transcription and de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, leading to the increase of cholesterol accumulation. (nature.com)
  • Undoubtedly, many other factors influence net cholesterol accumulation. (jci.org)
  • Nicotinic acid raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels while lowering total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Once your cholesterol levels have improved, your health care team will monitor them to ensure they stay in a healthy range. (cdc.gov)
  • Your treatment plan for high cholesterol will depend on your current cholesterol levels and your overall risk of heart disease and stroke . (cdc.gov)
  • they were treated with the drug for 24 weeks, resulting in reductions of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of almost 54%, with nearly 42% reaching target levels. (medscape.com)
  • First, epidemiological results show that the serum FSH levels are positively correlated with the serum total cholesterol levels, even after adjustment by considering the effects of serum estrogen. (nature.com)
  • Michael Hayden and colleagues wondered whether such a protective effect would extend to mice with excess cholesterol levels. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The TP-rich diets increased plasma LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels in a concentration-dependent manner. (cambridge.org)
  • Reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels is the primary goal. (medscape.com)
  • According to the ATP III, if a patient's TG levels are below 200 mg/dL (isolated low HDL cholesterol), the administration of drugs that increase HDL (fibrates or nicotinic acid) can be considered. (medscape.com)
  • Cutting down on foods high in saturated fat and replacing them with foods higher in unsaturated fat can help improve cholesterol levels. (heartuk.org.uk)
  • Carriers of a gene variant in any of the FH-related genes have a considerably greater risk of cardiovascular disease because of lifelong exposure to elevated cholesterol levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Separate guidelines should be created for severe and homozygous FH, defined as either the presence of LDL cholesterol levels 400 mg/dL or greater or a pathogenic gene variant in any of the FH-related genes on two different alleles. (cdc.gov)
  • Fasting LDL-C levels were measured in 3164 patients admitted between 2010 and 2017. (revespcardiol.org)
  • Most patients had high or very high cardiovascular risk and only 34.2% had LDL-C levels below the recommended target for their estimated risk. (revespcardiol.org)
  • Given the crucial role of cholesterol in regulating different neuronal processes, eukaryotes have developed sophisticated homeostatic mechanisms to preserve cholesterol levels in an optimal range in each brain region ( Segatto et al, 2013 ). (nature.com)
  • Plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were elevated in mice injected with streptozotocin compared with control mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Those harbouring mutations in the above genes can be treated to lower the cholesterol levels, prevent early CVD, and avoid death. (hindawi.com)
  • Goel and colleagues [ 8 ] documented that in Indians the risk factors for CAD occur at much lower levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than other populations. (hindawi.com)
  • More LDL receptors mean more LDL is brought out of the blood into the liver, and circulating levels of LDL cholesterol decrease. (acc.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the associations between proteins related to CVD and triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels in individuals from the general population. (lu.se)
  • Diagnosis is by measuring plasma levels of total cholesterol, TGs, and individual lipoproteins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Proof of benefit is strongest for lowering elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the general population, evidence is less strong for a benefit from lowering elevated TG and increasing low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This system does not take into account specific lipoprotein abnormalities (eg, low HDL-C or high LDL-C) that may contribute to disease despite normal cholesterol and TG levels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The first part of the study was focused on understanding the regulation of irisin levels based on multiple baseline parameters, such as lipoprotein(a) and cholesterol levels. (medscape.com)
  • Irisin has a significant negative correlation with levels of lipoprotein(a), coenzyme Q10, LDL receptor, total cholesterol and NPC1L1. (medscape.com)
  • Previous reports from the Framingham Heart Study suggested a strong positive relationship between coronary heart disease and elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, in addition to an inverse relationship between the disease and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels [ 5 - 8 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been shown that elevated select 15 000 people aged 3 to 69 years serum levels of low-density lipoprotein from district 13 in the east of Tehran for the (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol and study. (who.int)
  • Sample size poprotein (HDL) cholesterol and abnormal was determined using a confidence interval blood glucose levels are the dominant risk of 95%, power of the study was 80%, attri- factors for CVD [ 4,5 ]. (who.int)
  • In contrast, similar studies by previous investigators found that deletion of these receptors decreased atherogenesis. (jci.org)
  • The reasons for the different results are not known, but these data suggest that the role of these receptors in atherogenesis remains unresolved. (jci.org)
  • Cholesterol is a signaling molecule that is highly regulated in eukaryotic cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • They mimicked FH in mice by knocking out the LDL receptor, causing a cholesterol buildup. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Effect of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice: establishment of a combined model and association with heat shock protein 65 immunity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • LDL-RD mice were injected either with streptozotocin to induce hyperglycemia or with citrate buffer (control). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In conclusion, we have established a mouse model that combines hyperglycemia with diet-induced hyperlipidemia in LDL-RD mice and studied its effect on atherosclerosis progression. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of female LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized mice. (thieme-connect.de)
  • In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complex must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. (embl.de)
  • The LDL receptor binds LDL and transports it into cells by acidic endocytosis. (embl.de)
  • The GH molecule binds to its specific cell surface receptor (GHR), which dimerizes with another GHR molecule so that the single GH molecule is enveloped by 2 GHR molecules. (medscape.com)
  • At the molecular level, cholesterol primarily signals by regulating clustering of saturated lipids and proteins that depend on clustering for their regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increased FC in an ER regulatory pool initiates a signaling cascade resulting in down-regulation of the LDL receptor. (endotext.org)
  • [ 5 ] confirmed that inflammatory cytokines contribute to foam cell formation by modifying cholesterol-mediated LDL receptor regulation in mesangial cells. (medsci.org)
  • Like the small dense LDL. (medscape.com)
  • From my reading of the research small, dense LDL are more likely to oxidize, and we can't assume that everyone with high numbers of LDL has ox-LDL. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • Since excess time spent in the blood is primarily a function of poor LDL receptor activity, and since poor LDL receptor activity is by far and away the most definitively established causal risk factor for heart disease, it makes sense to first and foremost consider small dense LDL as a risk factor because it is a marker for poor LDL receptor activity and long time spent in the blood. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • In addition to its role in energy storage, adipose tissue also accumulates cholesterol. (jci.org)
  • as an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated LDL-C, Total-C, TG, and Apo B, and to increase HDL-C in patients with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia when response to diet and non-pharmacological interventions alone has been inadequate. (nih.gov)
  • 35 were associated with TG, 15 with total cholesterol, 9 with LDL cholesterol, and 24 with HDL cholesterol. (lu.se)
  • Another common pattern of associations was concomitantly higher TG, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, which is associated with higher CVD risk. (lu.se)
  • Further, 15 proteins were related to both TG and HDL cholesterol in a consistent and biologically expected manner, that is, higher TG and lower HDL cholesterol or vice versa. (lu.se)
  • Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)
  • Moreover, blocking FSH signaling by anti-FSHβ antibody or ablating the FSH receptor ( FSHR ) gene could effectively prevent hypercholesterolemia induced by FSH injection or high-cholesterol diet feeding. (nature.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein family. (nih.gov)
  • Estrogens are female hormone used to compete for androgen receptor sites, which decreases the influence of androgens (testosterone and androsterone) on prostate cancer. (chemocare.com)
  • Brassicasterol has been shown to inhibit sterol Δ 24 -reductase, an enzyme involved in the mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • [ 2 ] persons with a profound reduction of LDL cholesterol may have a decreased risk for heart disease. (medscape.com)
  • According to the ATP III executive summary, "After the LDL goal has been reached, emphasis shifts to weight reduction and increased physical activity (when the metabolic syndrome is present). (medscape.com)
  • The study's primary endpoint was the percentage LDL cholesterol reduction from baseline to after 12 weeks. (acc.org)
  • The placebo group reported a 5 percent reduction of circulating LDL cholesterol. (acc.org)
  • The aim of the present work was to shed light on the role played by the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in the modulation of emotional reactivity and memory consolidation in rodents through the inhibition of the key and rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) both in vivo and in vitro with simvastatin. (nature.com)
  • What are the types of medicines that treat high cholesterol? (cdc.gov)
  • Lycopene is used for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cancer, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There is an urgent need to screen subjects with premature CAD and their relatives in India for the presence of FH, identify the mutations that lead to high cholesterol, and carry out cascade screening in the at-risk relatives. (hindawi.com)
  • Uptake of native LDL by fluid phase pinocytosis may also contribute to foam cell formation. (endotext.org)
  • This enzyme destroys your low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, preventing your body from breaking down LDL cholesterol effectively. (dallasnews.com)
  • Given that brain cholesterol disturbances play a role in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as of other neurodegenerative diseases, understanding the functions of this enzyme could provide pivotal information on the pathophysiology of these conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • When there is too little testosterone present, estrogen attaches to testosterone cell receptor sites throughout the body and creates many problems in aging men. (ironmagazine.com)
  • Our liver cells have LDL receptors on them. (heartuk.org.uk)
  • Instead, it gets a payload of fish oil in the form of LDL-DHA nanoparticles that are selectively toxic to cancer cells without harming normal liver cells. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • In one pathway, removal of FC from the plasma membrane stimulates transport of FC that has been generated by neutral cholesterol esterase away from ACAT to the plasma membrane. (endotext.org)
  • Taken together, the present findings indicate that the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is critically involved in the physiological modulation of both emotional and cognitive processes in rodents. (nature.com)
  • The isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, also known as the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, is one of the most notorious metabolic processes as it leads to the production of cholesterol and other non-sterol isoprenoids, which are essential in the induction and the maintenance of several cellular processes. (nature.com)
  • Considering the abundance of cholesterol in the CNS, it is important to further investigate the role of sEH in the brain cholesterol pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • You are 40-75 years old and have a high risk of developing heart disease or stroke and an LDL cholesterol level of 70 mg/dL or higher. (cdc.gov)
  • Metabolic syndrome, a collection of related abnormalities like hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and excess cholesterol, poses a major risk for developing heart disease and diabetes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Our study shows that LDL quality continues to improve as a patient's weight normalises, suggesting that the risk of CVD continues to decline,' said Olga Gursky, Professor of pharmacology, physiology and biophysics at the varsity's School of Medicine. (newkerala.com)
  • This finding of a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level can be useful as an independent factor in assessing coronary artery disease (CAD) risk and further management. (medscape.com)
  • In the present guidelines, low HDL cholesterol both modifies the goal for LDL-lowering therapy and is used as a risk factor to estimate 10-year risk for CHD. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment for isolated low HDL cholesterol is provided mainly to patients with CHD and CHD risk equivalents. (medscape.com)
  • A low HDL cholesterol level in this setting is rarely associated with an increased risk for premature CHD. (medscape.com)
  • We assessed the frequency of adequate LDL-C control, with targets defined according to individual cardiovascular risk, and the predictors of inadequate control. (revespcardiol.org)
  • Adequate LDL-C control was inversely associated with patient risk. (revespcardiol.org)
  • LDL/IgG complexes can be internalized via Fc receptors, and lipoproteins bound by IgM or C-reactive protein (CRP) can in turn bind complement and undergo enhanced binding via complement receptors. (jci.org)
  • I think the information about the oxidation process and how harmful that is in terms of cholesterol and heart disease was especially eye opening. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • The data will be used to monitor the status of hyperlipidemia and the success of the National Cholesterol Education Program. (cdc.gov)