Receptor follicle stimulating hormone human. Medical search. Frequent questions

Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids. (glideruniversity.org)
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Follicle stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (glideruniversity.org)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (glideruniversity.org)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (glideruniversity.org)
The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor or FSH receptor (FSHR) is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and represents a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). (wikipedia.org)
The gene for the FSHR is found on chromosome 2 p21 in humans. (wikipedia.org)
In FSHR and its closely related other glycoprotein hormone receptor members (LHR and TSHR), this conserved triplet motif is a variation Glu-Arg-Trp sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Follicle stimulating hormone receptors (FSHR) are well known to be expressed in gonads and in gonadal tumours. (viamedica.pl)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and its G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR, represents a paradigm for receptor signaling systems that activate multiple and complex pathways. (frontiersin.org)
A selective allosteric FSHR ligand, B3, also activated Gαi/o signaling in these cells, supporting a role for receptor-mediated activation despite the low levels of FSHR mRNA. (frontiersin.org)
As FSH/FSHR has been implicated in distinct hormone-dependent cancers, including endometrial cancer, analysis of the cancer genome database from 575 human endometrial adenocarcinoma tumors revealed that a subpopulation of samples expressed FSHR. (frontiersin.org)
The gonadotropin hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior pituitary and plays key role in reproduction via activation of its receptor, FSHR in the gonads. (frontiersin.org)
FSHR belongs to the Class A/Rhodopsin subfamily of the largest class of membrane proteins, the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (frontiersin.org)
We've previously shown how the carboxyl terminus (cT) of human being follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH follitropin) receptor (FSHR) is clipped before insertion in to the plasma membrane. (healthanddietblog.info)
We discovered this chimeric FSHR-LHRcT-FP was indicated in HEK293 cells at amounts much like reported ideals for FSHR in human being granulosa cells bound FSH with high affinity and transduced FSH binding to create cAMP. (healthanddietblog.info)
A central query can be whether LHR could oligomerize with FSHR because both receptors are coexpressed in differentiated granulosa cells. (healthanddietblog.info)
During those research the hFSHR/rLHR-cT was indicated for the plasma membrane Clofibrate of HEK293 cells and the ones receptors when subjected to FSH activated maximal creation of cAMP at the same level because the wild-type (WT) FSHR. (healthanddietblog.info)
In this study in vitro, we aim to evaluate whether the co-existing follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) form heteromers, which may play role in selecting the dominant ovarian follicle. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The follitropin or follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) belongs to a highly conserved subfamily of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and is mainly expressed in specific cells in the gonads. (wichita.edu)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released by the hypothalamus. (medscape.com)
Reproduction is a complex process that is controlled centrally via a network of hypothalamic neurons to modulate the pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and subsequently pituitary gonadotropins. (nih.gov)
Due to the expression of these receptors, GnRH neurons, the hypothalamic neurons that control them, and pituitary gonadotropes are sensitive to exogenous compounds that interact with steroid and nuclear receptors or alter hormone production and metabolism. (nih.gov)
Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are key regulators of reproduction. (genome.jp)
In turn, GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate gonadal functions. (genome.jp)
GnRH neurons express the kisspeptin receptor, GPR 54, and kisspeptins potently stimulate the release of GnRH by depolarising and inducing sustained action potential firing in GnRH neurons. (genome.jp)
therefore utilised gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) blockade to estimate the clearance rates of endogenous human FSH and LH glycoforms. (endocrinology.org)
Therapies that employ estrogen and androgen receptor antagonists, steroid hormone synthesis inhibitors, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues or antagonists extend survival and delay or prevent tumor recurrence of both breast and prostate cancer. (mhmedical.com)
The discussion around gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist versus antagonist protocols during COS is another example highlighting the expanding number of treatment options and the urgent need to develop a rationale for making the best choice of treatment for each single patient. (biomedcentral.com)
Introduction: Hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates mammalian reproductive system. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Increased gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility in the hypothalamus results in preferential luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from the pituitary gland, leading to ovarian hyperandrogenism and oligo/anovulation. (medscape.com)
GnRH neurons do not have receptors for oestrogen, progesterone, or androgens, and thus the disrupted feedback is hypothesized to occur via upstream neurons. (medscape.com)
Emerging evidence has investigated the use of neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) antagonists as a method of reducing GnRH pulsatility and alleviating features of PCOS such as hyperandrogenism. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] Increased gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility is implicated as a fundamental abnormality in the pathophysiology of PCOS. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] Increased hypothalamic GnRH pulsatility results in preferential luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from the pituitary gland, which in turn promotes ovarian hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Notably, GnRH neurons lack the receptors for androgens, progesterone, and oestrogens to directly mediate this negative feedback. (medscape.com)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from hypothalamic neurons and bind to receptors on gonadotrope cells of the pituitary gland, which then synthesize and release luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone that regulate gonadal development. (brjnmims.org)
The presence of GnRH receptors and the effects of synthetic analogs of GnRH at extrapituitary sites is less clear. (brjnmims.org)
Several reports suggest that GnRH/analogues through cognate receptors may regulate mitogenic responses in cancer cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner. (brjnmims.org)
Using a highly specific antibody to human GnRH receptor we show that T47D breast cancer cells express GnRH receptors on their surface and that a GnRH analogue Cetrorelix inhibits proliferation of these cells, possibly via inhibition of processes that trigger cAMP formation. (brjnmims.org)
Specifically, several reports have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of semaphorins on the migration, survival and structural and functional plasticity of neurons that secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), essential for the acquisition and maintenance of reproductive competence in mammals. (karger.com)
This review summarizes current knowledge of the role of semaphorins and their receptors on the development, differentiation and plasticity of the GnRH system. (karger.com)
Among their various functions, semaphorins and their receptors play a key role in the central neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction by controlling the establishment of the neural circuitry responsible for the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a decapeptide that acts as the 'master molecule' controlling fertility. (karger.com)
These neurons are then integrated into the network of neurons and glia responsible for the timely secretion of GnRH into the pituitary portal circulation, which carries the neurohormone into the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates the release of gonadotropins from specialized cells, the gonadotropes. (karger.com)
The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce and release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). (secec.org)

citation needed] In the ovary, the FSH receptor is necessary for follicular development and expressed on the granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
In turn, FSH stimulates granulosa cells to produce estrogens. (wikipedia.org)
FSH signaling is mediated by the expression of FSH receptors on granulosa cells ( 9 , 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
5. Mitochondrial Function in Modulating Human Granulosa Cell Steroidogenesis and Female Fertility. (nih.gov)
6. Vitamin D receptor expression and potential role of vitamin D on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in goat ovarian granulosa cells. (nih.gov)
10. Oral follicle-stimulating hormone receptor agonist affects granulosa cells differently than recombinant human FSH. (nih.gov)
11. The regulation and signalling of anti-Müllerian hormone in human granulosa cells: relevance to polycystic ovary syndrome. (nih.gov)
12. FSH Stimulation promotes progesterone synthesis and output from human granulosa cells without luteinization. (nih.gov)
14. Does BPA alter steroid hormone synthesis in human granulosa cells in vitro? (nih.gov)
Expression of lysyl oxidase and effect of copper chloride and ammonium tetrathiomolybdate on bovine ovarian follicle granulosa cells cultured in serum-free media Reproduction. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Human chorionic gonadotropin increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by granulosa cells and endothelial cells, which results in increased vascular permeability. (cambridge.org)
In females, FSH-mediated activation of its receptor expressed in ovarian granulosa cells, induces steroidogenesis and stimulates growth of the follicle. (frontiersin.org)
Introduction: The developmental stages of the ovarian follicle are characterized by changes of gonadotropin and steroid hormone receptor expression and their potential interactions on the surface of granulosa cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The regulation of progesterone production by the developing follicles during COS is a complicated interplay of hormonal systems involving the theca and granulosa cells, and the effect of the actions of both LH and FSH. (biomedcentral.com)

While the initial recruitment of follicles does not depend on gonadotropins ( 7 , 8 ), the growth of cohorts of larger follicles relies on a stimulatory effect of FSH. (frontiersin.org)
The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, drive gametogenesis and hormone production from the gonads. (nih.gov)
Pajouhi M, Larijani B, Yarahmadi S, Sanjari M, Amini M. Effect of Ramadan on sex hormones and gonadotropins in healthy and young men. (ac.ir)
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common cause of infertility and is characterized by hypoestrogenism and increased levels of gonadotropins, resulting from the exhaustion of the ovarian follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycoprotein hormones [ ( PUBMED:6267989 ) ( PUBMED:1445230 ) ] (or gonadotropins) are a family of proteins which include the mammalian hormones follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LSH), thyrotropin (TSH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG), as well as at least two forms of fish gonadotropins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
In mammalian gonadotropins, the alpha chain is identical in the four types of hormones but the beta chains, while homologous, are different. (embl-heidelberg.de)
In the menstrual cycle, the mid-cycle surge of gonadotropins (both luteinising hormone [LH] and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) signals the initiation of the periovulatory interval, during which the follicle augments progesterone production and begins to luteinise, ultimately leading to the rupture of the follicle wall and the release of an oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of human ovarian follicles depends on the sequential effects of the two principal gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH). (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations of gonadotropins and gonadotropin receptors: elucidating the physiology and pathophysiology of pituitary-gonadal function. (springer.com)
The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone in turn act on peripheral reproductive organs to regulate the onset of puberty, gametogenesis and estrous cycling [ 13 ]. (karger.com)

A surge of LH in the midmenstrual cycle is responsible for ovulation, and continued LH secretion subsequently stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. (medscape.com)
Development of the ovarian follicle is largely under FSH control, and the secretion of estrogen from this follicle is dependent on FSH and LH. (medscape.com)
Traditional textbook physiology has ascribed unitary functions to hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, mainly in the regulation of effector hormone secretion from endocrine organs. (nature.com)
hTSH stimulates the production and secretion of the metabolically active thyroid hormones, thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), by interacting with specific receptor on the thyroid cell surface. (cdc.gov)
The synthesis and secretion of hTSH is stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), the hypothalamic tripeptide, in response to low levels of circulating thyroid hormones. (cdc.gov)
It was originally discovered as activin antagonists whose activity suppresses expression and secretion of the pituitary hormone FSH (follicle stimulating hormone). (reliatech.de)
Mesbahzadeh B, Ghiravani Z, Mehrjoofard H. Effect of Ramadan fasting on secretion of sex hormones in healthy single males. (ac.ir)
It binds receptors (GnRHRs) expressed in gonadotrope cells of anterior pituitary, regulating the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Therapy focuses upon either definitive treatments such as radioiodide and thyroidectomy, or, as discussed below, the administration of drugs that reduce the synthesis, secretion, metabolism, and/or action of thyroid hormone. (veteriankey.com)
Through the follicular stage, FSH and LH both stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and elicit growth and oestrogen secretion through this same mechanism [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein called the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein produced from the LHCGR gene acts as a receptor for two ligands: luteinizing hormone and a similar hormone called chorionic gonadotropin. (medlineplus.gov)
In males, chorionic gonadotropin stimulates the development of cells in the testes called Leydig cells, and luteinizing hormone triggers these cells to produce androgens. (medlineplus.gov)
Certain LHCGR gene mutations result in a receptor protein that is constantly turned on (constitutively activated), even when not attached (bound) to luteinizing hormone or chorionic gonadotropin. (medlineplus.gov)
Although the alpha subunit of hTSH is common to the luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the beta subunits of these glycoproteins are hormone specific and confer biological as well as immunological specificity. (cdc.gov)
HCG Pregnyl is the liquid, purified prescription form of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). (bodypharm.biz)
Human chorionic gonadotropin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation tests were performed to assess and compare testicular and pituitary functions of Gsnor −/− and WT mice. (elsevierpure.com)
Response of Gsnor −/− and WT mice to human chorionic gonadotropin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone to evaluate LH and T production. (elsevierpure.com)
Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The three-dimensional structure of human chorionic gonadotropin shows that each of its two different subunits has a similar topology, with three disulphide bonds forming a cystine knot. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The human LHCGR is a G-protein coupled receptor activated by both human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to function in sexual differentiation in males, ovarian development in females. (cusabio.com)
Diagnosis is by measurement of serum testosterone , luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and by stimulation tests with human chorionic gonadotropin or gonadotropin-releasing hormone. (msdmanuals.com)

The pituitary gland also secretes luteinizing hormone (LH), another gonadotropin. (medscape.com)
Currently, gonadotropin products (follicle stimulating hormone, FSH, and luteinizing hormone, LH) used in animal reproduction are produced by extraction and purification from abattoir-derived pituitary glands. (scielo.br)
Following exogenous gonadotropin administration, COS leads to the development of multiple ovarian follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations in human gonadotropin and gonadotropin-receptor genes. (springer.com)

In women, LH stimulates estrogen and progesterone production from the ovary. (medscape.com)
Female reproduction is essentially enabled by a feedback mechanism between ovarian hormones, mainly progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2), and the pituitary hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), see Figure 1 . (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the optional use of steroid hormones such as progesterone, oestrogen, testosterone or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and even the possibility of growth hormone treatment, could be considered following further research. (biomedcentral.com)
The present paper reviews current knowledge of the regulation of progesterone in the human ovary during the follicular phase and highlights areas where knowledge remains limited. (biomedcentral.com)
This review provides details on the complex area of human ovarian steroidogenesis during the follicular phase at the molecular, functional and clinical level, and provides evidence to address the question of whether high progesterone levels produced during the late follicular phase have an effect on pregnancy outcomes following COS. (biomedcentral.com)

Familial male-limited precocious puberty is a dominant autosomal genetic disease caused by activating LH receptor gene mutations, clinically expressed only in males. (nih.gov)
Disorders of sexual development caused by luteinizing hormone receptor mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
Soriano-Guillen L, Mitchell V, Carel JC, Barbet P, Roger M, Lahlou N. Activating mutations in the luteinizing hormone receptor gene: a human model of non-follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent inhibin production and germ cell maturation. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations of follicle stimulating hormone-β and its receptor in human and mouse. (ac.ir)
Mutations in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors could be activating, resulting in OHSS, or inactivating, resulting in sterility. (cambridge.org)
SwissProt sequences and OMIM curated human diseases associated with missense mutations within the GHB domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)

It has been proposed that the success of these methods is based on the continuous growth of multiple cohorts ("waves") of follicles throughout the menstrual cycle which leads to the availability of ovarian follicles for ovarian controlled stimulation at several time points. (frontiersin.org)
Histomorphometric analysis was performed to count the number of ovarian follicles and vessels. (biomedcentral.com)
PKH26-labeled HUCMSC-MVs were detectable within the ovaries and migrated to the ovarian follicles 24 h after transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
The transplantation of HUCMSC-MVs could increase the body weight and number of ovarian follicles (primordial, developing, and preovulatory follicles), induce ovarian angiogenesis, and recover the disturbed estrous cycle of POI mice. (biomedcentral.com)

The human pituitary-derived heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), are key hormones that play important roles in reproduction. (endocrinology.org)
Pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and placental human choriogonadotropin (hCG) are two heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones regulating reproduction. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Many structures and processes are involved in the development of a seizure, including neurons, ion channels, receptors, glia, and inhibitory and excitatory synapses. (medscape.com)

Over the past decade, we and others have discovered that thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin act directly on somatic organs, including bone, adipose tissue and liver. (nature.com)

FSH and LH bind to receptors in the testis and ovary and regulate gonadal function by promoting sex steroid production and gametogenesis. (medscape.com)
The hypothalamic-pituitary exchange is controlled by gonadal steroids through negative and positive feedback mechanisms via steroid receptors. (nih.gov)
They bind the same receptor (LHCGR) expressed in gonadal cells, activating hormone-specific G protein- and β-arrestins-dependent signaling cascades, before LHCGR internalization. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Diagnosis is by measurement of gonadal hormones (testosterone and/or estradiol), luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating. (msdmanuals.com)

Studies with synthetic peptides have provided information on regions involved in receptor interaction and signal transduction. (embl-heidelberg.de)
As Leo Reichert and colleagues discuss here, although cAMP is involved in glycoprotein hormone signal transduction, recent evidence also implicates other second messengers, especially Ca2+ and may include both the phosphatidylinositol pathway and activation of Ca2+ channels. (embl-heidelberg.de)

This synergistic activity of estrogen and FSH allows for follicle growth and development in the ovary. (wikipedia.org)
Low power, H and E of an ovary containing multiple cystic follicles in a patient with PCOS. (medscape.com)
15. Loss of LH-induced down-regulation of anti-Müllerian hormone receptor expression may contribute to anovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (nih.gov)
Pathogenic Anti-Müllerian Hormone Variants in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. (cdc.gov)
A woman with resistant ovary syndrome (ROS) had secondary amenorrhea, high FSH levels (25.34 mIU/mL) and LH (29.6 mIU/mL), low estradiol levels (15.2 pg/mL), and high serum AMH levels (38.0 ng/mL), associated with an increased antral follicle count (AFC) of 45. (springer.com)
Jequiez AM. Conception in the resistant ovary syndrome occurring during hormone replacement therapy: a report of two cases. (springer.com)
Conway GS, Conway E, Walker C, Hoppner W, Gromoll J, Simoni M. Mutation screening and isoform prevalence of the follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene in women with premature ovarian failure, resistant ovary syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome. (springer.com)

LH stimulates androstenedione production, which is the substrate for the FSH stimulated aromatase reaction producing estradiol ( 8 , 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
The levels of estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay. (biomedcentral.com)

Some researchers believe that black cohosh might exert its effects through a brain-related action, such as modulation of serotonergic pathways, or through its potential ability to act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or selective estrogen receptor modulator [ 5 , 15-17 ]. (nih.gov)

Reproductive hormones testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone were compared in Gsnor −/− and WT mice. (elsevierpure.com)
Outcomes: Evaluation of fertility and reproductive hormones in Gsnor −/− vs WT mice. (elsevierpure.com)
Much recent research has focused on the role of semaphorins in the development and adult activity of hormone systems and, reciprocally, how circulating reproductive hormones regulate their expression and function. (karger.com)
Physiologically, testosterone acts on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to regulate the production of other reproductive hormones, such as luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. (secec.org)

and c) biologic impact and regulation of steroid hormone synthesis/metabolism in non-reproductive somatic or neuronal tissues during and following the menopause transition. (nih.gov)
goitrogenic substances are compounds that interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis by the thyroid gland. (veteriankey.com)

In men, LH stimulates testosterone production from the interstitial cells of the testes (Leydig cells). (medscape.com)
Androgens, including testosterone, are the hormones that control male sexual development and reproduction. (medlineplus.gov)
In males, the overactive receptor causes excess production of testosterone, which triggers male sexual development and lead to early puberty in affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
Testosterone replacement therapy is one such option, which involves supplementation with synthetic testosterone to restore normal hormone levels. (secec.org)
Testosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in male fertility. (secec.org)

Furthermore, our structure of the TSHR and its complex with M22 provide foundations for developing new strategies to understand and control both glycoprotein hormone receptor activation and the autoimmune response to the TSHR. (nih.gov)

The antral follicle count is a functional biomarker that could be useful in determining the dose of FSH necessary during stimulation and the success of treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
FSH acts on early antral follicles to stimulate growth (cell division), steroidogenesis, and the expression of LH receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Aspiration of antral-stage follicles allowed the retrieval of 15 immature oocytes. (springer.com)

This gene encodes the receptor for endothelin-1, a peptide that plays a role in potent and long-lasting vasoconstriction. (nih.gov)
The receptors for the glycoprotein hormones have been prepared by gene cloning methods and their primary structures deduced. (embl-heidelberg.de)
One major concern is the fact that much of the human population has already been exposed to various AAV serotypes, and as a result a significant fraction of any future patient population harbors neutralizing antibodies (NABs) that block gene delivery. (justia.com)
Additional problems with rAAV vectors include limited tissue dispersion for serotypes that employ heparan sulfate as a receptor (AAV2 and 3), poor infection of non-permissive cell types such as stem cells, challenges with high efficiency targeting of gene delivery to selected cell populations, and a finite transgene carrying capacity. (justia.com)
Mutation in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene causes hereditary hypergonadotropic ovarian failure. (springer.com)
This recombinant Human LHCGR protein is typically achieved by the manipulation of LHCGR gene expression in E.coli cells so that it expresses large amounts of a recombinant LHCGR gene. (cusabio.com)

A key reaction of this downregulation is the phosphorylation of the intracellular (or cytoplasmic) receptor domain by protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
This powerful anabolic hormone regulates the transport of glucose into the cell through translocation of glucose transporter from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane mainly in metabolically active tissues like skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, or liver (GLUT4). (intechopen.com)
It is the so-called LHCGRex6A , truncated, intracellular receptor isoform produced by alternative cryptic exon stop-codons located between the 6th-7th out of 11 exons. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Signals transduced from these receptors activate similar signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell migration or adhesion and affect elements of the intracellular cytoskeleton [ 17 - 19 ]. (springeropen.com)

Pre-translational regulation of luteinizing hormone receptor in follicular somatic cells of cattle ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Studies have found varying results for the plant's effects on human physiology as to whether, for example, it raises the body's levels of estrogen, which is present in lower levels in menopausal women than in premenopausal women, or whether it affect levels of luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone [ 13 , 14 ]. (nih.gov)
Pregnyl contains the luteinizing hormone and the follicle stimulating hormone. (bodypharm.biz)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) regulate the production of estrogen in ovulating women. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Can Fasting in the Holy Month of Ramadan Affect on the Levels of Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Prolactin? (ac.ir)
Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL), which are secreted by the pituitary gland, play a key role in maintaining health. (ac.ir)
Immunofluorescence for Gsnor −/− and WT testis was performed for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and compared. (elsevierpure.com)
Introduction: A primate-specific luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor (LHCGR)-variant was suspected to discriminate between maternal choriogonadotropin (hCG)- and fetal LH-functioning. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Introduction: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human choriogonadotropin (hCG) regulate reproduction through binding the same receptor (LHCGR). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Appropriate levels of expression of LHCGR are crucial for luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate ovarian function, including preovulatory steroidogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and luteal cell steroidogenesis. (cusabio.com)

Follistatin is a secreted protein that binds to ligands of the TGF-β family and regulates their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. (reliatech.de)
Produced in one part of the body, estrogen travels to other parts and binds to specific receptors in order to function. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
APPL1 binds to adiponectin receptors and mediates adiponectin signalling and function. (immunodiagnostics.com.hk)

While FSH did not induce increases in cAMP levels, this hormone potently activated pertussis toxin sensitive Gαi/o signaling. (frontiersin.org)
In humans, it is released from the infundibular nucleus of the hypothalamus in a pulsatile manner, and potently stimulates release of LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. (medscape.com)

Receptor proteins have specific sites into which certain other proteins, called ligands, fit like keys into locks. (medlineplus.gov)
Together, ligands and their receptors trigger signals that affect cell development and function. (medlineplus.gov)
It is remarkable that the thyroid-stimulating autoantibody shows almost identical receptor-binding features to TSH although the structures and origins of these two ligands are very different. (nih.gov)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and it is a key hormone in the reproductive system. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Jamil Z, Fatima SS, Ahmed K, Malik R. Anti-mullerian hormone: above and beyond conventional ovarian reserve markers. (ac.ir)

Simulation results show the occurrence of follicles in a wave-like manner during a normal menstrual cycle and qualitatively predict the outcome of ovarian stimulation initiated at different time points of the menstrual cycle. (frontiersin.org)
stimulation by follicle-stimulating hormone. (ac.ir)

Although the clinical significance of these effects is still not clearly defined, and may involve only a relatively small proportion of patients, it is important to determine whether endometrial development is affected by the supraphysiological levels of steroids produced by multiple preovulatory follicles as a result of COS. (biomedcentral.com)

There are 3 types of hypogonadism: primary, secondary, and a type caused by defective androgen action, primarily due to defective androgen receptor activity. (msdmanuals.com)

Azizi F. Serum levels of prolactin, thyrotropin, thyroid hormones, TRH responsiveness, and male reproductive function in intermittent Islamic fasting. (ac.ir)

FSH stimulates testicular growth and enhances the production of an androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells, which are a component of the testicular tubule necessary for sustaining the maturing sperm cell. (medscape.com)
This event leads to a transduction of the signal that activates the G protein that is bound to the receptor internally. (wikipedia.org)
With FSH attached, the receptor shifts conformation and, thus, mechanically activates the G protein, which detaches from the receptor and activates the cAMP system. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases (protein kinase A) are activated by the signal chain coming from the G protein (that was activated by the FSH-receptor) via adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP (cAMP). (wikipedia.org)
Human Follistatin is aa 31-33 kDa protein containing 288 amino acids. (reliatech.de)
In this chapter, we will focus on molecular events leading to GLUT4 translocation, starting with activation of insulin receptors through signaling cascade involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB) and finally, the action of their effectors. (intechopen.com)
Human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor interacts with the adaptor protein APPL1 in HEK 293 cells: potential involvement of the PI3K pathway in FSH signaling. (immunodiagnostics.com.hk)
Cheng KK, Zhu W, Chen B, Wang Y, Wu D, Sweeney G, Wang B, Lam KS, Xu A. The adaptor protein APPL2 inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by interacting with TBC1D1 in skeletal muscle. (immunodiagnostics.com.hk)
Human Follistatin cDNA encodes a 344 amino acid (aa) protein with a 29 aa signal sequence, an N-terminal atypical TGF binding domain, three Follistatin domains that contain EGF-like and kazal-like motifs, and a highly acidic C-terminal tail. (austropeptide.com)
Recombinant human Follistatin is a 37.8 kDa protein containing 344 amino acids. (austropeptide.com)
GnRHR is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) coupled to Gαq/11 protein and, to a lesser extent, to Gαi/Gαs proteins, simultaneously activating Ca2+, β-cate. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Pro-metastatic factors activate various specific, corresponding types of receptors, including cytokine receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, and G protein-coupled receptors. (springeropen.com)

However, the evolutionary biology of pituitary hormones and their receptors provides evidence for a broad range of functions in vertebrate physiology. (nature.com)
Contrary to textbook physiology, pituitary hormones have ubiquitous functions and are the basis of important regulatory circuits that continue to evolve. (nature.com)

Benefiting from these similarities many groups have built chimeric receptors when a particular site of known function in one GPCR can be substituted for the related domain of the related/homologous GPCR as well as the resultant chimera can be assayed for particular functions ascribed to the people domains. (healthanddietblog.info)

In human females, estrogen is produced primarily by developing follicles in the ovaries, the corpus luteum, and the placenta during pregnancy. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

2007 . Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane impairs follicle-stimulating hormone receptor-mediated signaling in rat Sertoli cells. (nih.gov)

TCPMOH is a potent competitive inhibitor of human and rodent androgen receptors in vitro , at concentrations within an order of magnitude as that reported in human tissues. (nih.gov)
The Relationship Between the MTHFR C677T Genotypes to Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentrations and In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome. (cdc.gov)

These studies have prompted us to attribute the pathophysiology of certain human diseases, including osteoporosis, obesity and neurodegeneration, at least in part, to changes in pituitary hormone levels. (nature.com)

Western blot shows lysates of NTera‑2 human testicular embryonic carcinoma cell line, SK‑Mel‑28 human malignant melanoma cell line, and G361 human melanoma cell line. (novusbio.com)

The transmembrane domain contains two highly conserved cysteine residues that build disulfide bonds to stabilize the receptor structure. (wikipedia.org)

To analyze interactions between the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and a thyroid-stimulating human monoclonal autoantibody (M22) at the molecular level. (nih.gov)
IMx Ultrasensitive hTSH II is a Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) for the quantitative determination of human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH) in serum or plasma on the IMx analyzer. (cdc.gov)
Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis is caused by excessive concentrations of the circulating thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ), most commonly the result of hyperplastic or benign adenomatous malignant thyroid glands in cats and adenocarcinomas in dogs. (veteriankey.com)
The most common clinical signs associated with hyperthyroidism, which can be directly related to thyroid hormone excess, are weight loss in spite of ravenous appetite, hyperactivity, polydipsia, polyuria, diarrhea, intermittent fever, vomiting, and symptoms of cardiovascular disease such as tachycardia and dyspnea. (veteriankey.com)
Thyroid hormones are the only iodinated organic compounds in the body with the two major secretory products of the thyroid gland, thyroxine (L-T 4 ) and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (L-T 3 ) containing 65% and 59% iodine, respectively. (veteriankey.com)

Folate Metabolism and Human Reproduction. (cdc.gov)

Around mid-cycle, usually one dominant follicle ovulates and releases an oocyte. (frontiersin.org)
Single nucleotide polymorphisms, also referred to as Single nucleotide variants remain single most dominant feature of variations in the human genome. (brjnmims.org)

Kleinau, G. & Krause, G. Thyrotropin and homologous glycoprotein hormone receptors: structural and functional aspects of extracellular signaling mechanisms. (nature.com)
This gives rise to FSH and LH glycoforms that are either low or fully N-glycosylated, which has important functional consequences, affecting receptor binding and ultimately signal pathway activation. (endocrinology.org)
7] built a chimeric receptor hFSHR/rat (r) LHR-cT (hFSHR/rLHR-cT) to look for the functional need for the palmitoylation of cysteine residues within the cT from the hFSHR. (healthanddietblog.info)

Endocrine diseases, such as osteoporosis, that were traditionally attributed to a single effector hormone are far more complicated than originally thought. (nature.com)
The compounds, called endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), are ubiquitous and persistent in human environments and could bioaccumulate in the body. (nih.gov)

The primary structures of the glycoprotein hormones follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LH), human choriogonadotropin (hCG) and thyrotropin (TSH) have been determined, hCG has been crystallized and initial diffraction data obtained. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Recombinant Human (rh) IGF‑I/IGF-1 (Catalog # 291-G1) stimulates proliferation in the MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). (novusbio.com)
In sandwich immunoassays, less than 0.15% cross-reactivity or interference was observed with recombinant human (rh) IGF-I, rhIGF‑II, rhIL‑3 R alpha , rhIL‑9 R, and rhTGF‑ beta RII. (novusbio.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms14

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs115

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care2

FSHR19

GnRH25

Granulosa14

Gonadotropins10

Secretion10

Chorionic12

Gonadotropin4

Progesterone5

Mutations6

Ovarian follicles4

Heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones2

Neurons1

Adrenocorticotropic hormone1

Gonadal4

Signal transduction2

Ovary7

Estradiol2

Estrogen Receptor1

Reproductive hormones4

Synthesis2

Testosterone5

Glycoprotein hormone receptor1

Antral3

Gene6

Intracellular4

Luteinizing Hormone10

Binds3

Potently2

Ligands3

Anterior1

Anti-Mulleri1

Stimulation2

Preovulatory1

Androgen receptor1

Prolactin1

Protein12

Physiology2

GPCR1

Corpus luteum1

Impairs1

Vitro2

Pituitary hormone levels1

Testicular1

Highly conserved1

Thyroid5

Metabolism1

Dominant2

Functional3

Endocrine2

Thyrotropin1

Recombinant human2