Reaction dna gyrase. Medical search. Frequent questions

DNA gyrase, or simply gyrase, is an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase and is a subclass of Type II topoisomerases that reduces topological strain in an ATP dependent manner while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by elongating RNA-polymerase or by helicase in front of the progressing replication fork. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of gyrase (and topoisomerase IV) to relax positive supercoils allows superhelical tension ahead of the polymerase to be released so that replication can continue. (wikipedia.org)
Quinolones conflict with the motion of DNA gyrase, a critical bacterial kind II DNA topoisomerase 6 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
The bactericidal action of lomefloxacin results from interference with the activity of the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are needed for the transcription and replication of bacterial DNA. (buyotcantibiotics.com)
The reverse reaction that converts supercoiled DNA to relaxed DNA (DNA relaxation reaction) is carried out by DNA topoisomerase I. The assay principle is based on that the supercoiled DNA and relaxed DNA yield different fluorescent intensity when interact with fluorescence dye H19. (profoldin.com)
The difference of fluorescence intensity is used to measure the DNA topology changes by various DNA topoisomerases and high throughput screen of topoisomerase inhibitors. (profoldin.com)
Reverse gyrase is a type IA topoisomerase, found in various hyperthermophiles and promotes ATP-dependent positive super-coiling of DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
The main mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin involves inhibiting the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are enzymes essential for the replication and repair of bacterial DNA. (topdollsites.com)
Then, using the energy from a second ATP, Type II topoisomerase reseals the broken ends of the DNA strands and finally detaches from the DNA- leaving behind an untangled DNA helix. (jove.com)
With the exception of reverse gyrase, this unique type IA topoisomerase does require ATP and generates positive DNA supercoils rather than unwinding them. (jove.com)
eukaryotic topoisomerase I and topoisomerase V). These enzymes are primarily responsible for relaxing positively and/or negatively supercoiled DNA, except for reverse gyrase, which can introduce positive supercoils into DNA. (embl.de)
This entry represents the C-terminal region of DNA topoisomerase I enzymes from eukaryotes (type IB enzymes). (embl.de)
The crystal structures of human topoisomerase I comprising the core and carboxyl-terminal domains in covalent and noncovalent complexes with 22-base pair DNA duplexes reveal an enzyme that 'clamps' around essentially B-form DNA. (embl.de)
Phenotypic resistance of TB to FQ is associated with mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of DNA subunits A ( gyrA ) and B ( gyrB ), which encode a type II DNA topoisomerase. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial DNA gyrase, a type II DNA topoisomerase found in all bacteria is a proven target for antibacterial chemotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
by inhibiting the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication. (msdmanuals.com)

It works by inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase to prevent bacterial multiplication. (reliablechemist.com)

Electron microscopy combined with single particle analyses revealed the three-dimensional structure of the DNA-free Sulfolobus tokodaii reverse gyrase and two-dimensional average images of both the protein alone and that complexed with double-stranded DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
The 23 Å resolution map exhibited a parallelogrammatic morphology of 110 × 87 × 43 Å, which is in good agreement with the crystal structure of the Archaeoglobus fulgidus reverse gyrase. (elsevierpure.com)

It works by stopping the action of a bacterial enzyme called DNA-gyrase. (kauverymeds.com)
Moxifloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. (pharmacycode.com)

Only a few of these patients had a history of previous hypersensitivity reactions. (buyotcantibiotics.com)
Serious acute hypersensitivity reactions may require immediate emergency treatment. (globalrph.com)
Only a few patients had a history of hypersensitivity reactions (see section 4.8). (medicines.org.uk)
Serious acute hypersensitivity reactions to ciprofloxacin may require immediate emergency treatment. (medicines.org.uk)
Systemically administered quinolones including moxifloxacin have been associated with hypersensitivity reactions, even following a single dose. (pharmacycode.com)
Skin rashes and pruritus may occur as hypersensitivity reactions to Cipronatin. (wikikenko.com)

Bacterial DNA gyrase introduces negative supercoils into chromosomal DNA and relaxes positive supercoils introduced by replication and transiently by transcription. (york.ac.uk)
Which have ability to interfered with the bacterial DNA gyrase, it has bactericidal activity with a wide spectrum in opposition to Gram positive and Gram-negative microorganism 2 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian. (pharmacycode.com)

Resistance to both ESCs and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analy- fluoroquinolones remains extremely rare in salmonellae. (cdc.gov)
The helical nature of the DNA causes positive supercoils to accumulate ahead of a translocating enzyme, in the case of DNA replication, a DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
Rapid molecular identification and typing methods that may be useful include 16S rRNA gene sequencing, random amplified polymorphic DNA and a combination polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis ( 39 , 116 ). (antimicrobe.org)
Samples: Plasmid DNA, genomic DNA, cDNA, DNA following polymerase chain reaction, and DNA extracted from gel and other matrices. (bioinfolab.org)
Description: This product includes 0.800 ml of 10 x Buffer BP, 0.055 ml of 100x DNA template, 0.055 ml of 100 x dNTP mix, 0.055 ml of 100 x human DNA polymerase beta, 22 ml of Reagent U and 0.420 ml of 10 x fluorescence dye for 100 assays of human DNA polymerase reactions in a 96-well plate format. (bioinfolab.org)
Description: This product includes all the assay kit components for 100 assays in 384-well plate assay format: 400 ul of 10 x Buffer, 33 ul of 100 x DNA template, 33 ul of 100 x dNTP mix, 33 ul of 100 x human DNA polymerase gamma, 1550 ul of 2 x Dye, 1550 ul of 50 mM EDTA. (bioinfolab.org)
Description: This product includes 500 ul of 10 x Buffer DP, 35 ul of 100 x DNA template, 35 ul of 100x dNTP mix and 320 ul of 10x fluorescence dye for 100 assays of DNA polymerase reactions in a 384-well assay format. (bioinfolab.org)
The assay conditions are optimized for bacterial DNA polymerase III alpha subunit. (bioinfolab.org)
Interlaboratory agreement for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results on urine samples was almost perfect (kappa = 0.90), despite the use of different amplification targets (DNA gyrase subunit B gene vs. 16s ribosomal RNA gene), chemistries (SYTO9 vs. TaqMan probe), and pre-PCR processing. (scite.ai)
The course plot for the saga of replication involves an array of characters, including enzymes like DNA polymerase, working tirelessly as diligent scribes, replicating each chapter accurately from the DNA template. (aboutdarwin.com)
Unlike replication of many Escherichia coli plasmids, replication of cyanobacterial plasmids did not require added ATP, was not inhibited by omission of the ribonucleotides, and was insensitive to the RNA polymerase inhibitor rifampicin and the gyrase inhibitor novobiocin, but was inhibited by ethidium bromide. (upenn.edu)
The arbitrary primer polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) and Southern blot restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to genotype the periodontal pathogen A. actinomycetemcomitans. (upenn.edu)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequencing was used to determine the presence of β-lactamase encoding genes (bla) including bla NDM-1 and plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance determinants. (who.int)

Quinolone carboxylic acid derivatives are classified as DNA gyrase inhibitors. (drugs.com)
Our objective is designing novel DNA Gyrase inhibitors using Quantitative StructureActivity Relationships and Structure-Based Drug Design Approaches. (bvsalud.org)

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase enzyme. (mhmedical.com)
Ciprofloxacin promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA in susceptible organisms and inhibits DNA gyrase, which is essential in reproduction of bacterial DNA. (medicscientist.com)
This twisting inhibits further unwinding of the DNA, stalling vital cell processes such as DNA replication. (jove.com)
Inhibits DNA gyrase c. (pharmacyexam.com)

It works by suppressing the enzyme DNA gyrase, which is essential for bacterial DNA synthesis. (msnho.com)
On the other hand, RNA is a single chain of nucleotides primarily involved in protein synthesis following the master plan outlined by DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
Nalidixic acid appears to act by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis, possibly by interfering with DNA polymerization. (medeasy.health)
The site of action is bacterial gyrase, a synthesis promoting enzyme. (drugs.com)
The effect on Escherichia coli is the inhibition of DNA synthesis through prevention of DNA supercoiling. (drugs.com)
DNA synthesis in fraction III was dependent on the addition of cyanobacterial plasmids isolated from the same strain. (upenn.edu)
The bactericidal activity of Cipronatin stems from its interference with the enzyme DNA gyrase, which is essential for bacterial DNA synthesis. (wikikenko.com)
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are potential drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis and are used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and short-term anti-TB regimens. (biomedcentral.com)

Early generation fluoroquinolones prevent bacterial DNA activity during copying largely by hindering DNA gyrase, the chemical that's required for bacterial DNA replication, however has no effect on human DNA. (alllatestimages.com)
Fluoroquinolones are usually regarded as being safe prescription antibiotics that do not cause many critical or life-threatening adverse reactions. (alllatestimages.com)

Trapping of reaction intermediates with ciprofloxacin revealed complexes undergoing catalysis. (york.ac.uk)
RFLP-PCR showed that out of 17 isolates resistant to Ciprofloxacin mutation inDNA gyrase (GyrA) were detected in six (35.2 %) isolated while the reminder 11 (64.7%) has no mutation. (microbiologyjournal.org)
IMD cases caused by penicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis containing a ROB-1 -lactamase gene (blaROB-1) and a mutated DNA gyrase gene (gyrA), have been recently reported in the USA. (cdc.gov)

It is the only known enzyme to actively contribute negative supercoiling to DNA, while it also is capable of relaxing positive supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of gyrase to relax positive supercoils comes into play during DNA replication and prokaryotic transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Removal of these positive supercoils is essential for replication fork progression and for the overall unlinking of the two duplex DNA strands, as well as for ongoing transcription. (york.ac.uk)

The unique ability of gyrase to introduce negative supercoils into DNA at the expense of ATP hydrolysis is what allows bacterial DNA to have free negative supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
Structurally the complex is formed by 3 pairs of "gates", sequential opening and closing of which results into the direct transfer of DNA segment and introduction of 2 negative supercoils. (wikipedia.org)
As the result of a catalytic cycle two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed and two negative supercoils are introduced into the DNA template. (wikipedia.org)
Type IA forms a covalent bond with 5' end of the cleaved DNA strand and removes negative supercoils. (jove.com)

Quinolones has the ability to sort kind two topoisomerases, which can be crucial compounds in arrange the topological condition of DNA via its replication and transcription. (microbiologyjournal.org)
Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. (jove.com)

According to the catalytic cycle proposed, binding of 2 ATP molecules causes dimerization of ATPase domains of GyrB subunits and capturing of a T-segment of DNA (T- from transferring) in a cavity between GyrB subunits. (wikipedia.org)
The number of superhelical turns introduced into an initially relaxed circular DNA has been calculated to be approximately equal to the number of ATP molecules hydrolyzed by gyrase. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, it can be suggested that two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed per cycle of reaction by gyrase, leading to the introduction of a linking difference of -2. (wikipedia.org)
Gyrase is present in prokaryotes and some eukaryotes, but the enzymes are not entirely similar in structure or sequence, and have different affinities for different molecules. (wikipedia.org)
We demonstrate that at least 300 gyrase molecules are stably bound to the chromosome at any time, with ~12 enzymes enriched near each replication fork. (york.ac.uk)
Dwell times of ~2 s were observed for the dispersed gyrase molecules, which we propose maintain steady-state levels of negative supercoiling of the chromosome. (york.ac.uk)
Two double-stranded DNA molecules. (aboutdarwin.com)
DNA replication is an intricate dance of molecules, a fundamental process essential to life. (aboutdarwin.com)
Four molecules were chosen to be docked into DNA Gyrase active site using AutoDockTools. (bvsalud.org)

Type I topoisomerases are ATP-independent and act by cutting a bond between nucleotides on a single strand of double stranded DNA. (jove.com)

Several researches have been exhibited that mutations imparting fluoroquinolone resistance in P. aeruginosa may attributed to amendment in DNA gyrase, hypothesizing that faded sensitivity to fluoroquinolone result from inhibition of DNA supercoiling in resistant isolates of Gram-negative pathogens and alteration in gyrA consider leading causes in this resistance 7 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
Their bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties result from inhibition of the enzyme DNA gyrase. (aafp.org)

This process occurs in bacteria, whose single circular DNA is cut by DNA gyrase and the two ends are then twisted around each other to form supercoils. (wikipedia.org)

Two classes of antibiotics that inhibit gyrase are: The aminocoumarins (including novobiocin and Coumermycin A1), which work by competitive inhibition of energy transduction of DNA gyrase by binding to the ATPase active site on the GyrB subunit. (wikipedia.org)
The test derivatives were additionally docked for the B-subunit of enzyme DNA gyrase from E. coli at the ATPase binding site to study the molecular interactions using Schrodinger maestro v11.5 software. (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, high throughput mapping of DNA gyrase sites in the Escherichia coli genome using Topo-Seq approach revealed a long (≈130 bp) and degenerate binding motif that can explain the existence of SGSs. (wikipedia.org)
H19 dye is a fluorescence dye specifically designed for high throughput DNA supercoiling and relaxation assays. (profoldin.com)

Description: This product includes all the assay kit components except the enzyme for 100 assays in a 384-well plate assay format: 400 ul of 10 x Buffer, 33 ul of 100 x DNA template, 33 ul of 100 x dNTP mix, 1550 ul of 2 x Dye, 1550 ul of 50 mM EDTA. (bioinfolab.org)
The H19 Dye for DNA Relaxation and Supercoiling Assays (Catalog No. DSA1000D) includes 170 µl of 1500 x Dye H19 and 26 ml of 10 x H19 dilution buffer. (profoldin.com)
It is for 1000 assays of DNA relaxation or supercoiling reactions in a 96-well plate format. (profoldin.com)
These highly sensitive and specific drt-PCR assays do not require DNA extraction and thereby reduce the time, cost, and handling required to process CSF specimens. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, triplex drt-PCR assays combine the detection of three serotypes in a single reaction, further improving testing efficiency, which is critical for laboratories that process high volumes of Hi specimens for surveillance and diagnostic purposes. (cdc.gov)

DNA Replication and RNA Transcription, although seemingly complex terms, hold within them concepts that are beautifully precise, methodical - true marvels of nature. (aboutdarwin.com)

DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA. (jove.com)
Type IB forms a covalent bond with the 3' end of the broken DNA strand and can relax both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA. (jove.com)

To address how gyrase copes with these topological challenges, we used high-speed single-molecule fluorescence imaging in live Escherichia coli cells. (york.ac.uk)

There is the possibility that it may cause cartilage damage and as it is a DNA-gyrase inhibitor there is a possibility of causing DNA damage too. (medeasy.health)

A single molecule study has characterized gyrase activity as a function of DNA tension (applied force) and ATP, and proposed a mechanochemical model. (wikipedia.org)
DNA, a double-stranded molecule, is the primary genetic material directly responsible for development and inheritable traits. (aboutdarwin.com)
Finally, the enzyme ligates the broken ends of the DNA strands back together and produces a locally relaxed DNA molecule. (jove.com)
It creates a single-strand breakthrough which the opposite strand can pass, resulting in a locally untangled DNA molecule. (jove.com)

A total of 102 isolates had mutations in DNA gyrase subunit A ( gyrA ), while mutations in gyrB were observed in only two isolates. (biomedcentral.com)

DNA gyrase genes (1,4,5). (cdc.gov)
DNA gyrase is made from two A and B fragments, these fragments encoded through the gyrA and gyrB genes 4 . (microbiologyjournal.org)

The star enzyme that plays a critical role in synthesizing new DNA strands by following the older DNA as a template. (aboutdarwin.com)
These are essentially the core building blocks of new DNA strands. (aboutdarwin.com)

DNA-gyrase ligates the break in a G-segment back and T-segment finally leaves the enzyme complex. (wikipedia.org)

The fluoroquinolone medications prevent infections caused by bacteria by interfering with the bacteria's DNA copying. (alllatestimages.com)

Gyrase is also found in eukaryotic plastids: it has been found in the apicoplast of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and in chloroplasts of several plants. (wikipedia.org)
The two regions correspond to DNA binding by C-terminal domains of GyrA subunits and resemble eukaryotic nucleosome binding motif. (wikipedia.org)

Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from lomefloxacin in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. (buyotcantibiotics.com)

Most of the active derivatives have shown good docking scores in comparison to the standard drugs against DNA gyrase from E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)

The dropper cap contains natural rubber (latex) which may cause severe allergic reactions. (globalrph.com)
Rare but serious side effects, such as tendon damage and allergic reactions, can also occur. (topdollsites.com)
Nyvepria is contraindicated in patients with a history of serious allergic reactions to Pegfilgrastim products (e.g. (pharmacyexam.com)

Gyrase has a pronounced specificity to DNA substrates. (wikipedia.org)

These species were validated primarily on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, antimicrobial susceptibility and biochemical profiles, and, to a lesser degree, on high-performance liquid chromatography ( 22 , 54 , 55 , 69 ). (antimicrobe.org)

Tell your doctor if you have any side effects, especially a severe reaction such as hives, rash, or swelling of the face, mouth, or throat. (msnho.com)
Discontinue use immediately and contact your physician at the first sign of a rash or allergic reaction. (pharmacycode.com)

Binding Assay Laboratories manufactures the ss dna biding assay reagents distributed by Genprice. (bioinfolab.org)
The Ss Dna Biding Assay reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (bioinfolab.org)
Linear detection range 2 ng to 40 ng (100 - 2,000 ng/mL) calf thymus DNA in 96-well plate assay. (bioinfolab.org)
Furthermore, 5c and 5h were tested for their effects on cell cycle and apoptosis induction capability in HepG2 cell lines by DNA-flow cytometry analysis and annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay, respectively. (dntb.gov.ua)

Total genomic DNA from 73 strains was extracted by conventional methods. (upenn.edu)

One such strain is DB3.1 , which contains a mutant version of DNA gyrase (gyrA462) that is resistant to the toxic effects of CcdB. (addgene.org)

Rarely, some people may have a severe allergic reaction that needs urgent medical attention. (citalopramx.com)

ccdB codes for the toxic protein (CcdB) that acts as a DNA gyrase poison, locking up DNA gyrase with broken double stranded DNA and ultimately causing cell death. (addgene.org)

Strong gyrase binding sites (SGS) were found in some phages (bacteriophage Mu group) and plasmids (pSC101, pBR322). (wikipedia.org)
The core domain and the first eight residues of the carboxyl-terminal domain of the enzyme, including the active-site nucleophile tyrosine-723, share significant structural similarity with the bacteriophage family of DNA integrases. (embl.de)

Notify physician or nursing staff immediately if these reactions occur. (mhmedical.com)
Additionally, supercoiling can occur when the DNA twists back on itself due to the inability of the DNA ends to freely rotate to relieve the torsional stress. (jove.com)

DNA cleavage and reunion is performed by a catalytic center located in DNA-gates build by all gyrase subunits. (wikipedia.org)
This region covers both the catalytic core and the DNA-binding domains. (embl.de)

The commonest side-effects are usually intestinal reactions (for example nausea, dyspepsia and vomiting) and central nervous system reactions which include dizziness, sleep problems as well as headache. (alllatestimages.com)

Southern blot RFLP analysis revealed 12 hybridization patterns consisting of 1 or 2 DNA fragments (2-23 kb). (upenn.edu)

It's quite an intricate dance aimed at making sure every new chromosome is equipped with one old and one new strand of DNA - this is referred to as semi-conservative replication. (aboutdarwin.com)

Type II topoisomerases, on the other hand, are ATP-dependent and act on supercoiled DNA where the DNA is tangled around itself. (jove.com)
Type I Topoisomerases act on one strand of double-stranded DNA, and they are further divided into three categories: IA, IB, and IC. (jove.com)
Most Type I topoisomerases do not require ATP to relax supercoiled DNA. (jove.com)

On a next step the enzyme cleaves a G-segment of DNA (G- from gate) making a double-strand break. (wikipedia.org)
The enzyme creates a double strand break in one loop of the DNA double helix before helping the unbroken loop to pass through this break via an ATP-dependent reaction. (jove.com)

Together with this average image of the complex, the three-dimensional map implies that, at the beginning of the supercoiling reaction, DNA is bound within a 10-20 Å wide cleft in the helicase-like domain. (elsevierpure.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes19

Information Science3

Topoisomerase16

Works by inhibiting the enzyme1

Reverse gyrase2

Enzyme called DNA-gyrase2

Hypersensitivity reactions6

Bacterial DNA gyrase3

Polymerase13

Inhibitors2

Inhibits4

Synthesis8

Fluoroquinolones2

Ciprofloxacin3

Positive supercoils3

Negative supercoils4

Replication and transcription2

Molecules9

Topoisomerases are ATP-independent1

Result from inhibition2

Supercoils1

ATPase2

High throughput2

Assays5

Transcription1

Negatively supercoiled2

Escherichia1

Inhibitor1

Molecule4

Isolates1

Genes2

Strands2

Ligates1

Bacteria1

Eukaryotic2

Adverse Reactions1

Coli1

Allergic reactions3

Specificity1

Gene1

Rash2

Assay4

Genomic1

Mutant1

Severe allergic1

Protein1

Bacteriophage2

Occur2

Catalytic2

Nausea1

Hybridization1

Chromosome1

Type3

Double-strand2

Bound1