• A very short and efficient synthesis of the important drug candidate telaprevir, featuring a biocatalytic desymmetrization and two multicomponent reactions as the key steps, is presented. (vu.nl)
  • A little later in the fragment synthesis, they have to do the first of their Suzuki reactions , starting with an acetylene, which they hydroborate to produce the required boronic acid. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • These reactions are suggested to involve metal carbene intermediates and the potential of metathesis reactions in organic synthesis has been discussed. (soton.ac.uk)
  • A carboxylic-acid-directed oxidative Heck reaction enables a direct synthesis of 4-aryl-3-butenoic acids in good yields. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • an attempt to extend the procedure to the synthesis of related compounds (1d-g) resulted in dimerisation and rearrangement to yield the enamines (5a-d). (hw.ac.uk)
  • The PPI dendrimer encapsulated Cu ions in the internal nanovoids to form adjacent Cu species, which exhibited significantly high catalytic activity for the regioselective coupling reaction of DMP compared to previously reported enzyme and metal complex catalysts. (mdpi.com)
  • General catalytic cycle of a photocatalyst in a photoredox organocatalysed reaction. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • We have developed an effective process to produce the HMF from glucose by combining catalytic reactions and Simulated-Moving-Bed (SMB) separation. (aiche.org)
  • Finally, selective modifications of functional groups in HAH were investigated by catalytic etherification, reduction, and dimerization to demonstrate the possibility of applications as monomers in organic dyes and polyethers. (aiche.org)
  • The proposed processes with catalytic reaction routes can achieve effective control over functional groups in biomass and provide a facile approach to supply renewable high-value chemicals. (aiche.org)
  • Attempts to carry out these reactions under catalytic conditions withrespect to the nickel complex were unsuccessful.Reactions of isoprene and acetaldehyde only gave products in a catalyst system derived from Ni(CDT).PR3. (soton.ac.uk)
  • A Mizoroki-Heck type reaction of boronic acids proceeds under a Pd(II)-mediated pathway using a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc) 2 in the presence of Cu(OAc) 2 as an oxidant. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Dimerization is indispensible for discharge from the HIV protease (PR) from it is precursor (Gag-Pol) and ensuing mature-like catalytic activity that's crucial for disease maturation. (tam-receptor.com)
  • In these reactions the main products were symmetric olefinic diesters arising from dimerisation with elimination of ethylene. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Axens homogeneous oligomerization technologies rely on strong expertise accumulated over 50 years in order to provide the most efficient and cost-effective solutions to produce high purity 1-Butene and 1-Hexene via ethylene dimerization and trimerization, as well as octenes by means of butenes dimerization. (baumaschinen-knell.de)
  • Under physiological conditions, the energetic gain resulting from ligand-induced dimerization of extracellular domains overcomes this opposing clash, stabilizing the A-loop-transphosphorylating dimer. (nyu.edu)
  • This explains how quantitative differences in the stability of ligand-induced extracellular dimerization promotes formation of the intracellular A-loop-transphosphorylating asymmetric complex to varying extents, thereby modulating intracellular kinase activity and signaling intensity. (nyu.edu)
  • However, there are possible challenges to this reaction including a reductive dimerization of 2-azadiene, reduction of quinoline N-oxides to quinolines, and potential catalyst deactivation. (duke.edu)
  • After the dA tailing reaction, adapter AS was ligated to the dA-tailed fragments using an NEB Quick Ligation Kit (12.5 μl of 2x Quick ligase buffer, 1.25 μl of Adapter AS (1 μM), 1.25 μl of Quick Ligase in a final volume 25 μl). (nih.gov)
  • Optimized reaction chemistry enables robust, miRNA-specific libraries while minimizing reaction biases and eliminating adapter dimers. (qiagen.com)
  • The QIAseq miRNA Library Kit has fully optimized library process to virtually eliminate adapter dimerization, even from very low inputs of total RNA (see figure Adapter dimers (AD) and contaminating RNA steal your reads during miRNAseq experiments). (qiagen.com)
  • The dimerization of anthracene by a [4π + 4π] cycloaddition is one of the oldest and best known reactions in photochemistry. (rsc.org)
  • Our proposed mechanism integrates thermodynamic and reaction kinetics of the RB photo-oxidation reaction via the monitoring of the photochemical reactions with multiple spectroscopic techniques in tandem. (aiche.org)
  • Folded adult PR2 (in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6, including 50 mM NaCl)25 was put into reaction mixtures including 16 or 32 M PR291C99 (TALGMSLNL) in 50 mM sodium formate, pH 4, including 50 mM NaCl), to accomplish a final focus of dimeric enzyme of 0.2 M. Assays had been performed as referred to between 50C390 M substrate concentrations. (tam-receptor.com)
  • Decoding the kinetic limitations of plasmon catalysis: the case of 4-nitrothiophenol dimerization. (mpg.de)
  • While doing so, oxygen produces free radicals which in turn produce chain reactions in cells that may eventually lead to the death of the cell. (shapefit.com)
  • The presence of oxygen has an effect on the reaction. (vedantu.com)
  • Charge transfer (when the neutral metal has a higher ionization energy than the pyrene), pyrene dimerization, oxidation by residual oxygen, and protonation by ubiquitous water in the instrument may also take place. (srce.hr)
  • The electrochemical oxidation of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) in an ionic liquid (IL) has been systematically characterized to determine plausible electrochemical and chemical reaction mechanisms and to define the optimal detection methods for such a highly significant analyte. (cdc.gov)
  • UV-Vis, FT-IR, cyclic voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) studies have revealed the unique mechanisms of dimerization of 2,4-TDI at the electrode interface by self-addition reactions, which can be utilized to improve the selectivity of detection. (cdc.gov)
  • Herein, we report the photocatalytic decarboxylative alkenylation reactions of N -(acyloxy)phthalimide derived from α-amino and α-hydroxy acids with 1,1-diarylethene, and with cinnamic acid derivatives through double decarboxylation, using NaI and PPh 3 as redox catalysts. (rsc.org)
  • Ubiquitous carboxylic acids can serve as starting materials for a photocatalytic decarboxylative C-O bond formation reaction that provides rapid and facile access to the corresponding acetoxylated products. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • The utilization of light to induce or accelerate a chemical reaction is undoubtedly one of the most promising and sustainable fields in modern organic chemistry. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Novel concepts for electrolytes, strategies for reaction screening, and electrode materials pave the way to a disruptive synthetic methodology which might be a game changer for future chemistry. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • In addition, the reaction chemistry facilitates the preparation of robust, miRNA-focused libraries while all but eliminating biases and background contaminants. (qiagen.com)
  • The reaction of aminobis(phosphines) with both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes leads to the formation of alpha-hydroxy phosphine oxides through P-N bond cleavage whereas the reaction with furfural leads to the P-N bond insertion. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Replacements that favored (Q44R) or impaired (Q44D) the polar interactions predicted between residues Q44 and D32 did not abolish dimer formation of transiently expressed 3A, indicating that these interactions are not critical for 3A dimerization. (asm.org)
  • This usually produces chain reactions when they come into contact with other healthy molecules or even with themselves. (shapefit.com)
  • Carbene dimerization is a type of organic reaction in which two carbene or carbenoid precursors react in a formal dimerization to an alkene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Elbs reaction is an organic reaction in which an ortho methyl-substituted benzophenone is pyrolyzed to produce a condensed polyaromatic. (vedantu.com)
  • Olefinic esters with a chain length of less than five carbon atoms inhibited reaction by association and deactivation of the catalyst. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Electrochemical CDC reaction of 2a and various N -arylglycine esters. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • A Chan-Lam coupling reaction of benzylic and allylic boronic esters with primary and secondary anilines provides valuable alkyl amine products. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • For example, ethyl diazoacetate is converted to diethyl maleate using the ruthenium catalyst chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium: Grubbs' catalyst is also effective In this reaction type the active intermediate is a transition metal carbene complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • A diazo cross-coupling reaction has also been reported between ethyl diazoacetate and methyl phenyldiazoacetate using the rhodium catalyst [Rh2(OPiv)4]. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1997, 2163-2164 doi:10.1039/A706459D Maleates from diazoacetates and dilactones from head-to-head dimerisation of alkenyl diazoacetates using Grubbs' 2nd-generation ruthenium carbene catalyst David M. Hodgson and Deepshikha Angrish Chem. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been found that the use of an IL as the electrolyte allows the oxidation of 2,4-TDI to occur at a less positive anodic potential with no side reactions as compared to traditional acetonitrile based electrolytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Dimerization of the transmembrane protein is essential for its autophosphorylation and phosphorelay signal transduction functions. (rcsb.org)
  • Based on the graphical representation, we derived differential equations for each of the reactions that the C protein is involved in. (igem.org)
  • A molecular model of the FMDV 3A protein, derived from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of the poliovirus 3A protein, predicted a hydrophobic interface spanning residues 25 to 44 as the main determinant for 3A dimerization. (asm.org)
  • Replacements L38E and L41E, involving charge acquisition at residues predicted to contribute to the hydrophobic interface, reduced the dimerization signal in the protein ligation assay and prevented the detection of dimer/multimer species in both transiently expressed 3A proteins and in synthetic peptides reproducing the N terminus of 3A. (asm.org)
  • This may be done in various ways including dimerization or polymerization reactions with healthy cells in the body. (shapefit.com)
  • The oligomerization of vinyl monomers has been studied to understand the stereochemistry of polymerization and termination reactions. (baumaschinen-knell.de)
  • [ 4 ] Glucocorticoids are involved in almost every cellular, molecular, and physiologic network of the organism and play a pivotal role in critical biologic processes, such as growth, reproduction, intermediary metabolism, immune and inflammatory reactions, and central nervous system and cardiovascular functions. (medscape.com)
  • This information is important because endotoxin is released during multiplication or bacterial death, causing a series of biological effects that lead to an inflammatory reaction and resorption of mineralized tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aims of the sessions are: i) to introduce students to the tools available for modeling chemical reaction networks, ii) to provide insight into how to build reaction network models for certain types of behaviour, iii) to explore methods for finding behaviour, and iv) to give experience in parameter estimation and kinetic data fitting. (europa.eu)
  • Here we show that this reaction proceeds via an asymmetric complex that is thermodynamically disadvantaged because of an electrostatic repulsion between enzyme and substrate kinases. (nyu.edu)
  • Reaction of benzaldehyde, acrolein and acetaldehyde with butadiene in the presence of stoichiometric quantities of the a,w -octadiendiyl nickel phosphine complex have been studied. (soton.ac.uk)
  • meso -Me₂Si( η ⁵- t -butylC₅H₃)₂Sc(H))₂ catalyzes the ring opening reaction of methylenecyclopropane to butadiene and methylenecyclobutane to 1,4-pentadiene. (caltech.edu)
  • The reaction of aminophosphines with aromatic aldehydes ArCHO leads to insertion of "ArCH" into the P-N bond to give Ph(2)P(O)CH(R)N(H)Ph (R = C(6)H(5), furfuryl, o-C(6)H(4)OH), but with aliphatic aldehydes such as butanal, P-N bond cleavage takes place to afford alpha-hydroxy phosphine oxide. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In the series of tethered bichromophoric arenes , this reaction type could be extended to anthracene - naphthalene , naphthalene - naphthalene and recently even to anthracene - benzene and naphthalene -benzene systems. (rsc.org)
  • This assumption allowed us to neglect some parts of the main equation, as well as derive expressions of some constants and species involved in the reactions. (igem.org)
  • This specificity is suggested to be consistent with the hypothesis that electrophiles attack at a a -allylnickel bond in preference to an -allylnickel bond, and is discussed in these terms.Dimerisation of cyclooctene by a tungsten salt was shown to occur by a Lewis acid type mechanism to give cyclooctylidene, although the nature of the species involved is not known. (soton.ac.uk)
  • This reaction is often considered an unwanted side-reaction but it is also investigated as a synthetic tool. (wikipedia.org)
  • sphaeroides LH1 complexes can be separately purified in a reaction-center (RC)-associated form. (nature.com)
  • Crimmin, Michael John (1976) Specificity in the reactions of bis-allyl nickel complexes and the olefin metathesis reaction. (soton.ac.uk)
  • A direct metal-free α-hydroxylation of α-unsubstituted β-oxoesters and β-oxoamides using m -chloroperbenzoic acid as the oxidant enables straightforward metal-free access to important α-hydroxy-β-dicarbonyl moieties under mild reaction conditions. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • The ideal temperature is reported to be 160 °C. The reaction process is continuous and carried out in a heat vessel. (cdc.gov)
  • In this reaction type either the two carbenic intermediates react or a carbenic intermediate reacts with a carbene precursor. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2 Worse still, Snider's plan for a late stage dimerisation was identical to that planned by Iwabuchi - but that didn't stop the team from proceeding, confident that a method could be found. (chemistryworld.com)
  • The classical issue of lack of stereoselectivity in Ugi- and Passerini-type reactions is circumvented. (vu.nl)
  • When N-alkyl derivatives are reacted with paraformaldehyde, dimerization takes place to afford bis(phosphine oxide)s of the type Ph(2)P(O)CH(2)N(R)CH(2)P(O)Ph(2) (R = Me, (n)Pr, (n)Bu). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Direct reversal through photoreactivation can inverse this dimerization reaction by utilizing light energy for the destruction of the abnormal covalent bond between adjacent pyrimidine bases. (news-medical.net)
  • The reaction is tolerant of a wide range of arylsilanes and various sensitive halide functional groups as well as a broad scope of amines. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • The reaction tolerates a wide range of substrates and a variety of functional groups. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • If electronically-excited M+, which might have been produced by the laser pulse, was interfering with the reaction, these ions and their products were swept out of the FTMS chamber prior to initiation of the time delay specified above. (srce.hr)
  • Elbs, on the other hand, misinterpreted the reaction product due to a lack of understanding of naphthalene structure. (vedantu.com)
  • We attribute the TLR4 activation mainly to the two-domain structure of Phl p 5 which may promote TLR4 dimerization and activation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we present the NMR-derived structure of the homodimeric core domain (residues 223-289) of EnvZ that includes His 243, the site of autophosphorylation and phosphate transfer reactions. (rcsb.org)
  • Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a model organism in bacterial photosynthesis, and its light-harvesting-reaction center (LH1-RC) complex contains both dimeric and monomeric forms. (nature.com)
  • either two distinct B800 bacteriochlorophyll site energies are involved, or an excitonic dimerization of bacteriochlorophylls within the B800 ring takes place. (lu.se)
  • a typical case is the reaction of a nucleophile with an electrophile. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Reactions of N-aryl and N-alicyclic derivatives of aminophosphines with paraformaldehyde lead to methylene insertion into P-N bond followed by oxidation of phosphorus from the P(III) to P(V) state. (unboundmedicine.com)