biochemical
- Some assays (e.g., biochemical assays) may be similar to or have overlap with chemical analysis and titration. (wikipedia.org)
- The Lowry protein assay is a biochemical assay for determining the total level of protein in a solution. (wikipedia.org)
- Biochemical reactions involving a single substrate are often assumed to follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics, without regard to the model's underlying assumptions. (wikipedia.org)
- It can be used to characterise a generic biochemical reaction, in the same way that the Langmuir equation can be used to model generic adsorption of biomolecular species. (wikipedia.org)
involves
- If the assay involves addition of exogenous reactants (the reagents), then their quantities are kept fixed (or in excess) so that the quantity (and quality) of the target is the only limiting factor for the reaction/assay process, and the difference in the assay outcome is used to deduce the unknown quality or quantity of the target in question. (wikipedia.org)
- The reaction mechanism is not well understood, but involves reduction of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and oxidation of aromatic residues (mainly tryptophan, also tyrosine). (wikipedia.org)
- Microplates with an embedded layer of filter material were developed in the early 1980s by several companies, and today, there are microplates for just about every application in life science research which involves filtration, separation, optical detection, storage, reaction mixing, cell culture and detection of antimicrobial activity. (wikipedia.org)
- The assay involves 'all or none' response (ex. (wikipedia.org)
vessels
- These can serve as reaction vessels for biological assays. (selectbiosciences.com)
polymerase chain re
- Polycarbonate is cheap and easy to mould and has been used for disposable microplates for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method of DNA amplification. (wikipedia.org)
- Rather than collecting air filters daily and taking them to a lab for examination, installed sensors continuously monitored air quality by measuring polymerase chain reaction. (wikipedia.org)
hydrogen
- Thick film sensors - devices usually having two principal components:1) a thick (hundreds of microns) layer of some semiconductor material (SnO2, In2O3), called "matrix" and an upper layer of catalytically active additives like nobel metals (Pd, Pt) and metal oxides (CoxOy) accelerating the hydrogen oxidation reaction on the surface, which makes the sensor response much faster. (wikipedia.org)
- Other methods have been developed to assay biological hydrogen production. (wikipedia.org)
- It can combine with a proton (H+ ): F− + H+ → HF This neutralization reaction forms hydrogen fluoride (HF), the conjugate acid of fluoride. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrogen peroxide is found in biological systems including the human body. (wikipedia.org)
enzymes
- Acid phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction at an optimal acidic pH (below 7): Orthophosphoric monoester + H2O → alcohol + H3PO4 Phosphatase enzymes are also used by soil microorganisms to access organically bound phosphate nutrients. (wikipedia.org)
- An assay on the rates of activity of these enzymes may be used to ascertain biological demand for phosphates in the soil. (wikipedia.org)
- An increased amount of substrate will increase the rate of reaction with enzymes, however once past a certain point, the rate of reaction will level out because the amount of active sites available has stayed constant. (wikipedia.org)
- A large number of different methods of measuring the concentrations of substrates and products exist and many enzymes can be assayed in several different ways. (wikipedia.org)
substrate
- In 1903, French physical chemist Victor Henri found that enzyme reactions were initiated by a bond (more generally, a binding interaction) between the enzyme and the substrate. (wikipedia.org)
- Enzyme activity = moles of substrate converted per unit time = rate × reaction volume. (wikipedia.org)
- The rate of a reaction is the concentration of substrate disappearing (or product produced) per unit time (mol L−1 s−1). (wikipedia.org)
- All enzyme assays measure either the consumption of substrate or production of product over time. (wikipedia.org)
- Then the reaction achieves a steady-state kinetics in which enzyme substrate intermediates remains approximately constant over time and the reaction rate changes relatively slowly. (wikipedia.org)
- The concentration of the substrate or product is recorded in time after the initial fast transient and for a sufficiently long period to allow the reaction to approach equilibrium. (wikipedia.org)
- The ATPase assays can therefore have the potential for determining whether a compound acts as a transporter substrate and/or inhibitor. (wikipedia.org)
ELISA
- A very common usage is in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the basis of most modern medical diagnostic testing in humans and animals. (wikipedia.org)
kinetics
- A variety of natural, derivatized and designed hyperpolarized probes has emerged for diverse biological studies including assays of intracellular reaction progression, pathway kinetics, probe uptake and export, pH, redox state, reactive oxygen species, ion concentrations, drug efficacy or oncogenic signaling. (mdpi.com)
- His work was taken up by German biochemist Leonor Michaelis and Canadian physician Maud Menten, who investigated the kinetics of an enzymatic reaction mechanism, invertase, that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose. (wikipedia.org)
Sensors
- These included development of sensors, decontamination methods, and novel assay designs. (wikipedia.org)
- In the "Detect-to-Protect" biological detection program, Hultgren helped to develop sensors capable of detecting air-born biological materials, and field tested them in the Boston subway system. (wikipedia.org)
- The team's goal was to improve the effectiveness of its sensors as a possible early warning system for biological threats. (wikipedia.org)
- Trigger" sensors were installed to establish the usual background levels of biological material, and "confirmers" were tripped when expected levels were exceeded. (wikipedia.org)
detection
- A metering channel is formed in the membrane that is capable of delivering a controlled volume of the test sample to a detection zone upon initiation of the assay. (google.ca)
- Hyperpolarized molecular probes for biological NMR spectroscopy enable the unbiased detection of complex processes by virtue of the high spectral resolution, structural specificity and quantifiability of NMR signals. (mdpi.com)
- It can be coloured white by the addition of titanium dioxide for optical absorbance or luminescence detection or black by the addition of carbon for fluorescent biological assays. (wikipedia.org)
- There she helped to develop and test the "Detect-to-Protect" biological detection program. (wikipedia.org)
- Dr. Hultgren was one of the invited speakers at the 2014 hearings in Washington, D.C., to review the BioWatch program and the effectiveness of PCR-based detection assays used by the United States Post Office. (wikipedia.org)
oxidation
- ECL reactions are used in a number of clinical and analytical applications and are based upon the oxidation of luminol in the presence of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), an oxygen source, and an enhancer such as 4-iodophenol. (wikipedia.org)
- The method combines the reactions of copper ions with the peptide bonds under alkaline conditions (the Biuret test) with the oxidation of aromatic protein residues. (wikipedia.org)
- The Lowry method is based on the reaction of Cu+, produced by the oxidation of peptide bonds, with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (a mixture of phosphotungstic acid and phosphomolybdic acid in the Folin-Ciocalteu reaction). (wikipedia.org)
absorbance
- Therefore, cysteine residues in protein probably also contribute to the absorbance seen in the Lowry assay. (wikipedia.org)
- quantitative analytical method that measures absorbance of color change from antigen-antibody reaction (ex. (wikipedia.org)
enzymatic
- Enzyme assays are laboratory methods for measuring enzymatic activity. (wikipedia.org)
laboratory
- An assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medicine, pharmacology, environmental biology and molecular biology for qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity of a target entity (the analyte). (wikipedia.org)
- Since the assay itself (the analytic step) gets much attention, steps that get less attention by the chain of users, i.e. the preanalytic and the post analytic steps, are often less stringently regulated and generally more prone to errors - e.g. preanalytic steps in medical laboratory assays may contribute to 32-75% of all lab errors. (wikipedia.org)
- Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. (wikipedia.org)
protein
- Biuret test Bradford protein assay Van Noorden, R. (wikipedia.org)
- A simplification of the protein assay method of Lowry et al. (wikipedia.org)
- Specific activity is equal to the rate of reaction multiplied by the volume of reaction divided by the mass of total protein. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical
- The invention is to be used as a fundamental tool of chemical and biological colloidal analysis. (google.com)
- Thus reading of an assay may be quite noisy and may involve greater difficulties in interpretation than an accurate chemical titration. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, in order to be sure what process or processes are producing the measured heat flow, great care must be taken in both experimental design and in the initial use of related chemical, physical and biologic assays. (wikipedia.org)
- Calorimetry is the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes. (wikipedia.org)
- Instrument companies have designed plate readers which can detect specific biological, chemical or physical events in samples stored in these plates. (wikipedia.org)
- Anne Hultgren was the Branch Chief for research and development in the Chemical and Biological Defense Division of the Science and Technology Directorate of the United States Department of Homeland Security. (wikipedia.org)
- Hultgren was in charge of technology development relating to chemical and biological defense capabilities. (wikipedia.org)
yields
- In his work at the University of Giessen, Kröhnke observed condensation of α-pyridinium methyl ketone salts 1 with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 2 via a Michael reaction when treated with ammonium acetate to give 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines in high yields under mild reaction conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- The reaction conditions for the Kröhnke synthesis are generally facile and the reactions often proceed in high yields with reaction temperatures generally not exceeding 140 °C. The Kröhnke synthesis is generally performed in either glacial acetic acid or methanol, but it can also be done under aqueous conditions, and more recently under solvent-free conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- This reaction yields a halogenated diazirine, which can further be modified. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbenes produced from diazirines are quickly quenched by reaction with water molecules, and hence yields for photoreactive crosslinking assays are often low. (wikipedia.org)
- ATP hydrolysis yields inorganic phosphate (Pi), which can be measured by a simple colorimetric reaction. (wikipedia.org)
molecule
- It has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule. (wikipedia.org)
- The result of this reaction is an intense blue molecule known as heteropolymolybdenum Blue. (wikipedia.org)
procedure
- Such industrial scale assays as these are often done in well equipped laboratories and with automated organization of the procedure-from ordering an assay to pre-analytic sample processing (sample collection, necessary manipulations e.g. spinning for separation or other processes, aliquoting if necessary, storage, retrieval, pipetting/aspiration etc. (wikipedia.org)
- The Bicinchoninic acid assay and the Hartree-Lowry assay are subsequent modifications of the original Lowry procedure. (wikipedia.org)
Immunological
- A serious side-effect of heparin is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), caused by an immunological reaction that makes platelets a target of immunological response, resulting in the degradation of platelets, which causes thrombocytopenia. (wikipedia.org)
generally
- Generally, oximation reactions are performed by reacting the ketone with hydroxylammonium chloride under heat in the presence of a base such as pyridine. (wikipedia.org)
- The measured entity is generally called the analyte, the measurand or the target of the assay. (wikipedia.org)
- But generally, assays involve biological material or phenomena which tend to be intrinsically more complex either in composition or in behavior or both. (wikipedia.org)
carbon
- Biotin assists in various metabolic reactions involving the transfer of carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
Reliability
- Reliability of the Eclox Enhanced Chemiluminescence Assay for Rapid Field Testing of Drinking Water, Thesis, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center Whitehead, T.P., Thorpe, G.H.G., Maxwell, S.R.J., 1992. (wikipedia.org)
- BioWatch PCR Assays: Building Confidence, Ensuring Reliability. (wikipedia.org)
molecular
- Quenching and dequenching upon interaction with a specific molecular biological target is the basis for activatable optical contrast agents for molecular imaging. (wikipedia.org)
enzyme
- A microwell for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays has a concavely curved, circumferential sidewall, a flat optical bottom and a top lip, including smooth transitions between the top lip, concave sidewall and flat bottom. (google.ca)
- The assay usually aims to measure an intensive property of the analyte and express it in the relevant measurement unit (e.g. molarity, density, functional activity in enzyme international units, degree of some effect in comparison to a standard, etc. (wikipedia.org)
- Biochemists usually study enzyme-catalysed reactions using four types of experiments: Initial rate experiments. (wikipedia.org)
- The initial rate experiment is the simplest to perform and analyze, being relatively free from complications such as back-reaction and enzyme degradation. (wikipedia.org)
often
- These probes are readily used directly under natural conditions in biofluids and are often directly developed and optimized for cellular assays, thus leaving little doubt about their specificity and utility under biologically relevant conditions. (mdpi.com)
processes
- IMC is sensitive enough to detect and follow either slow processes (reactions proceeding at a few % per year) in a few grams of material, or processes which generate minuscule amounts of heat (e.g. metabolism of a few thousand living cells). (wikipedia.org)
- IMC is thus a means for dynamic, quantitative evaluation of the rates and energetics of a broad range of rate processes, including biological processes. (wikipedia.org)
- A variety of processes can result in quenching, such as excited state reactions, energy transfer, complex-formation and collisional quenching. (wikipedia.org)
device
- We believe that the microfluidic picoinjector will be useful platform for microchemical reaction, biological assay, drug screening, cell culture device, and toxicology. (koreascience.or.kr)
ketone
- The Kröhnke pyridine synthesis is reaction in organic synthesis between α-pyridinium methyl ketone salts and α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds used to generate highly functionalized pyridines. (wikipedia.org)
detect
- Bioassay is used to detect biological hazards or give a quality assessment of a mixture. (wikipedia.org)
test
- The Enhanced Chemiluminescence (ECL) Water Quality Test: Modes of Action and Mechanistic Studies of Substances acting on the Enhanced Chemiluminescence Reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- test the quality of", from Anglo-French assaier, from assai (n.), from Old French essai "trial", and the noun assay thus means "trial, test of quality, test of character", mid-14th century, from Anglo-French assai and the meaning "analysis" is from the late 14th century. (wikipedia.org)
synthesis
- Since its discovery, the Kröhnke synthesis has enjoyed broad applicability to the preparation of di-,tri- and tetrapyridine derivatives, demonstrating a number of advantages over related reactions such as the Hantzsch pyridine synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Journal
- Journal of Biological Chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
compound
- Electron donating substituents can also encourage photoisomerization to the linear diazo compound, rather than the singlet carbene, and hence these compounds are unfavorable for use in biological assays. (wikipedia.org)
- The ATPase assay is designed to indicate the nature of the interaction between the compound and the transporter. (wikipedia.org)
result
- Similarly, after the assay, the result may be documented, verified and transmitted/communicated in steps that are called post-analytic steps. (wikipedia.org)
level
- Assays have become a routine part of modern medical, environmental, pharmaceutical, forensic and many other businesses at various scales from industrial to curbside or field level. (wikipedia.org)
activity
- In addition to the bovine and porcine tissue from which pharmaceutical-grade heparin is commonly extracted, it has also been extracted and characterised from: Turkey Whale Dromedary camel Mouse Humans Lobster Fresh water mussel Clam Shrimp Mangrove crab Sand dollar Atlantic salmon Zebra fish The biological activity of heparin within species 6-11 is unclear and further supports the idea that the main physiological role of heparin is not anticoagulation. (wikipedia.org)
- The ATPase assay is a membrane assay that indirectly measures the activity of efflux transporters. (wikipedia.org)
high
- The hyperpolarized probes are produced ex situ , introduced into biological systems and detected with high sensitivity and contrast against background signals using high resolution NMR spectroscopy. (mdpi.com)
analysis
- 9. The microplate of claim 1 , wherein the reference fiducial provides information that facilitates the preselected assay if the information is determined before optical analysis. (google.com)
- For assay of currency coins, this literally meant analysis of the purity of the gold or silver or whatever precious component was used to represent the true value of the coin. (wikipedia.org)
- An assay (analysis) is never an isolated process and must be combined with pre- and post-analytic procedures. (wikipedia.org)
sample
- Application of this new laser optical separator to biological particles including bacteria and viruses now provides a new avenue for biomedical sample evaluation. (google.com)
- Eclox ECL is a broadband enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) assay that can be used to qualitatively assess a water sample to determine whether it has been contaminated. (wikipedia.org)
optical
- 6. The reaction well of claim 5 wherein the optical window has a diameter of approximately 0.059 inch. (google.ca)
- 7. The reaction well of claim 6 wherein the well has a height, defined by a distance between the circumferential top lip and the optical window, of approximately 0.180 inch measured along the well axis. (google.ca)
different
- The ATPase assays are used in two different modes: ATPase activation and ATPase inhibition. (wikipedia.org)
hand
- On the other hand, trifluoroaryldiazirines in particular show favorable stability and photolytic qualities and are most commonly used in biological applications. (wikipedia.org)
- On the other hand, older generation qualitative assays, especially bioassays, may be much more gross and less quantitative (e.g., counting death or dysfunction of an organism or cells in a population, or some descriptive change in some body part of a group of animals). (wikipedia.org)
capacity
- Enhanced chemiluminescent assay for antioxidant capacity in biological fluids. (wikipedia.org)
further
- The resulting aforementioned halodiazirine can undergo an exchange reaction to further functionalize the diazirene. (wikipedia.org)
- The information communication (e.g. request to perform an assay and further information processing) or specimen handling (e.g. collection, transport and processing) that are done until the beginning of an assay are the preanalytic steps. (wikipedia.org)
basis
- Quenching is the basis for Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays. (wikipedia.org)
cells
- The drops can also encapsulate cells, enabling cell-based assays to be carried out. (selectbiosciences.com)
- In biological specimens containing a growth medium, appearance over time of a detectable and rising heat flow signal is a simple general indicator of the presence of some type of replicating cells. (wikipedia.org)
response
- If the measured response is binary, the assay is qualititative, if not, it is quantitative. (wikipedia.org)
directly
- Alternatively, diaziridines can be produced directly by the reaction of ketones with ammonia in the presence of an aminating agent such as a chloramine or hydroxyl amine O-sulfonic acid. (wikipedia.org)
gene expression
- Bio-Rad collaborated with Biogazelle, leaders in real-time PCR research, to design and experimentally validate PCR primers for gene expression assays across the human and mouse transcriptomes. (bio-rad.com)
- Zymoblot is the fastest available microtechnique to detect gene expression or enzyme activity in any biological specimen. (wikipedia.org)
- Common applications include luciferase -based gene expression assays, as well as cell viability, cytotoxicity, and biorhythm assays based on the luminescent detection of ATP. (wikipedia.org)
enzyme that catalyzes
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD or G6PDH) (EC 1.1.1.49) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + H+ This enzyme participates in the pentose phosphate pathway (see image), a metabolic pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells (such as erythrocytes) by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). (wikipedia.org)
nuclear
- Iodine-125 (125I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors. (wikipedia.org)
- In the intense heat and pressure of the melting reactors, a reaction between the nuclear fuel metal cladding and the remaining water surrounding them produced explosive hydrogen gas. (wikipedia.org)
assess
- Use the PrimePCR positive control assay to qualitatively assess the performance of a PCR reaction associated with a single sample. (bio-rad.com)
- To] prepare and conduct extra continental tests to assess chemical and biological weapons and defense systems, both by providing support data for research and development and by establishing a basis for the operational and logistic concepts needed for the employment of these systems. (wikipedia.org)
conduct
- Project Deseret was developed to conduct a highly classified military research, development, and testing program which was aimed at both offensive and defensive human, animal, and plant reaction to biological, chemical, toxicological, entomological, and radiological warfare agents in various combinations of climate and terrain. (wikipedia.org)
- On April 17, 1963, President Kennedy signed National Security Action Memorandum 235 (NSAM 235) authorizing: Policy guides governing the conduct of large-scale scientific or technological experiments that might have significant or protracted effects on the physical or biological environment. (wikipedia.org)
- Some of the benefits of using a secreted reporter molecule like MetLuc is its no-lysis protocol that allows one to be able to conduct live cell assays and multiple assays on the same cell. (wikipedia.org)
inhibitor
- The binding of an inhibitor can stop a substrate from entering the enzyme's active site and/or hinder the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction. (wikipedia.org)
pathway
- Each pathway belongs to one or more general biological categories such as cancer. (bio-rad.com)
- The resulting scores were used to select the assays included in the corresponding real-time PCR pathway panel. (bio-rad.com)
intensity
- However, the technique could be adapted for the continuous enzyme assay when colour intensity is monitored over time by incubating sister blots for progressively increasing periods of time. (wikipedia.org)
- This could be judged upon visually and the reaction is stopped when differences in colour intensity among spots are evident, taking into consideration that the duration of linearity in some enzyme reactions may be very short indeed. (wikipedia.org)
quantitative
- Recently, a new qualitative or rather semi quantitative micro-technique, first described by Wagih and Fletcher (1993), and termed 'zymoblot' has been introduced to detect enzyme activities in spiroplasmas and bacteria and many other biological systems. (wikipedia.org)
chemical
- The Deseret Test Center was a U.S. Army operated command in charge of testing chemical and biological weapons during the 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
- The Deseret project required a joint task force to undertake overseas chemical and biological testing. (wikipedia.org)
- Between its opening in 1962 and 1973 the Deseret Test Center was at the helm of Project 112, a military operation aimed at evaluating chemical and biological weapons in differing environments. (wikipedia.org)
- Tests were aimed at human, plant and animal reaction to the chemical and biological agents and were conducted in the United States, Liberia, Egypt, South Korea and Okinawa. (wikipedia.org)
- According to the Department of Defense, Deseret planned 134 chemical and biological weapons tests and of those 46 were carried out and 62 were canceled. (wikipedia.org)
- Many tests occurred on U.S. soil and released live biological agents, chemical agents or their simulants. (wikipedia.org)
- Plate readers, also known as microplate readers or microplate photometers, are instruments which are used to detect biological, chemical or physical events of samples in microtiter plates. (wikipedia.org)
- Luminescence is the result of a chemical or biochemical reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast to substrates and irreversible inhibitors, reversible inhibitors generally do not undergo chemical reactions when bound to the enzyme and can be easily removed by dilution or dialysis. (wikipedia.org)
samples
- This assay may also be used to compare relative levels of gDNA contamination present in different samples to determine if PCR results may be affected. (bio-rad.com)
- This assay may also be used to compare the relative performance of PCR reactions associated with different samples. (bio-rad.com)
- This assay may also be used to compare relative RNA integrity among different samples to determine how PCR results might be affected. (bio-rad.com)
- Samples to be analysed by zymoblot require no dialysis (a process that may take days) as washing blots in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) before marinating them in the reaction mixture does remove inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast to the other techniques where samples are assayed individually, samples to be analysed by zymoblot are spotted on the same blot and enzyme activity is assayed with the same reaction mixture at the same time minimising experimental errors and allowing quick qualitative comparisons. (wikipedia.org)
- When different samples are compared on the same blot, the reaction should be stopped sometime during the linear part of the course of the reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- Higher density microplates (384- or 1536-well microplates) are typically used for screening applications, when throughput (number of samples per day processed) and assay cost per sample become critical parameters, with a typical assay volume between 5 and 50 µL per well. (wikipedia.org)
fully
- PrimePCR assay design and validation are fully described in the following publication. (bio-rad.com)
- Progress toward standardizing new biological warfare agents was limited from 1961 to 1962 by the lack of adequate extra-continental test facilities in which toxic agent munitions combinations could be fully assayed without the legal and safety limitations that were necessary in less remote test areas within the Continental United States. (wikipedia.org)
results
- Control assays and synthetic DNA templates were designed to facilitate the assessment of the key experimental factors impacting your real-time PCR results. (bio-rad.com)
- Use the PrimePCR DNA contamination control assay to determine if genomic DNA (gDNA) is present in a sample at a level that may affect PCR results. (bio-rad.com)
- Use the PrimePCR RNA quality assay to determine if RNA integrity may adversely affect PCR results for a single sample. (bio-rad.com)
- Unlike wet assays (e.g. colorimetry), results obtained by the zymoblot are always in a recorded from. (wikipedia.org)
positive
- That is to say, if a blot proves negative for a certain enzyme, it can be washed in TBS and reused for another enzyme and so on until a positive reaction for an enzyme is obtained. (wikipedia.org)
Available
- Numerous methods of enzyme assays are available to quantitatively follow enzyme reactions. (wikipedia.org)
- This allows zymoblots to be carried out in one place, where a densitometer may not be available, and taken or sent to another place to be quantitatively assayed by densitometry. (wikipedia.org)
- It is probably the quickest available technique to detect enzyme activity in any biological or even non-biological specimen. (wikipedia.org)
standard
- The inner walls of the capsule are then rinsed with dilute NaOH solution to collect iodine as soluble iodide and hypoiodite OI−, according to the standard disproportionation reaction of halogens in alkaline solutions. (wikipedia.org)
Volume
- The most common microplate format used in academic research laboratories or clinical diagnostic laboratories is 96-well (8 by 12 matrix) with a typical reaction volume between 100 and 200 µL per well. (wikipedia.org)
content
- The three isolates were differentiated using Double Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA), woody indicator plants, differential hosts, peroxidase isozymes and activity, total RNA content and Reserves Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). (wikipedia.org)
- The other techniques, based on colorimetry, may require larger aliquots of a sample so that the amount of the coloured soluble products produced is large enough to colour the content of the assay cuvette to a colorimetrically readable level. (wikipedia.org)
specific
- The serological characters represented as the antigenic determinants of CPsV-EG isolate related to monoclonal antibodies specific CPsV strain where as appeared precipitation reaction by DAS-ELISA and DTBIA (Ghazal et al. (wikipedia.org)
- 2008). CPsV-EG was detected on the basis of biological indexing by graft inoculation which gave oak leaf pattern (OLP) on Dweet tangor and serological assay by DAS-ELISA using Mab specific CPsV. (wikipedia.org)
- Zymoblot is an end-point type of assay where an enzyme reaction is allowed to proceed for a fixed period of time before being stopped by rapid elimination of its specific substrate. (wikipedia.org)
critical
- Prions are proteins found in humans and other mammals, but when an altered form of the prion appears, it somehow starts a critical chain reaction turning healthy prions in to deadly ones that ultimately destroy the brain. (blogspot.com)
large
- TPST and tyrosine sulfation is involved in a large number of biological and physiological processes. (wikipedia.org)
light
- The catalyzed reaction is: coelenterazine + O2 → coelenteramide + CO2 + photon of light Bacterial bioluminescence is seen in Photobacterium species, Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio haweyi, and Vibrio harveyi. (wikipedia.org)
time
- The Zymoblot technique is simpler, cheaper, more reliable and less time consuming than all known procedures for enzyme assays. (wikipedia.org)
Upon
- Upon their entry to the biological system, they encounter the immune system, which limits their availability at the intended site. (scirp.org)