Reaction green fluorescent proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

For FPs, one often compares the MB to that of enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP), which is about 30000 M -1 .cm -1 . (ibs.fr)
Exogenous retroelements were tagged with a plasmid containing a green fluorescence (EGFP) retrotransposition cassette, and the de novo retrotransposition events were tested with the use of PCR, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and confocal microscopy. (nih.gov)
The performance of this platform was evaluated by starting with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). (fluigent.com)
The complex of montmorillonite and plasmid DNA encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was prepared at various weight ratios, and then transfected into cultured intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
The survival of grafted cardiomyocytes was confirmed by observing the fluorescent cell tracer Vybrant™ CM-DiI or expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in transplanted cells, or survival was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of human mitochondrial DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
To assess better the in vitro and in vivo roles of gK in virus replication, a recombinant virus was constructed expressing an engineered enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoter (HCMV-IEP) inserted in place of the gK gene. (lsu.edu)
The EGFP gene insertion was confirmed by diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the presence of the EGFP protein was detected by western immunoblot analysis using anti-GFP monoclonal antibody. (lsu.edu)
Conclusion: The results showed that both SMGT and SCNT-derived embryos were enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) positive and phiC31 integrase could recombine the reporter gene in a site specific manner. (ac.ir)
Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9 to generate novel knock-in reporter lines for DA neurons, engineered with an endogenous fluorescent tyrosine hydroxylase - enhanced green fluorescent protein (TH-eGFP) reporter. (ox.ac.uk)
Using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model protein, we carry out an experimental optimization of the ITP-based immunoassay and demonstrate a 1300-fold improvement in limit of detection compared to a standard immunoassay, in a 6 min protein-antibody reaction. (researcher-app.com)

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detected a single copy of the gfp gene in transformants. (usda.gov)
To investigate the expression of long interspersed element (LINE) 1, human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) K10, and short interspersed element-VNTR-Alu element (SVA) retrotransposons in ejaculated human spermatozoa by means of reverse-transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis as well as the potential incorporation of cloned human and mouse active retroelements in human sperm cell genome. (nih.gov)
a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) module to amplify the target DNA templates, a heating-magnet separating-mixing module to provide a mixing platform for in vitro transcription, and the encapsulation module to directly encapsulate mRNA in LNPs. (fluigent.com)
In contrast, no gene expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis when the transfection was performed with naked plasmid. (elsevierpure.com)
In order to create such fluorescent proteins, the scientists altered them by directed and random mutagenesis using a method called polymerase chain reaction. (technologynetworks.com)
Gene expression was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and confirmed at the protein level by western blot. (biomedcentral.com)
Previously, researchers have used other methods to introduce random errors, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but that gave only a 16 fold improvement at best. (i-sis.org.uk)
The accuracy of these sites was validated in phic31 targeted bovine fibroblasts using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. (ac.ir)
Real‑time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses were used to detect SPRY2 expression and miR‑21 protein expression levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
Using a combination of GUS reporter genes, green fluorescent protein-tagged antibodies, and reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the team observed that OsMATL2 protein, a phospholipase enzyme, is highly expressed in pollen, primarily in the plasma membrane of cells of the japonica rice plant. (techcodex.com)
Gene expression of the phenotypic markers measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated the transcript levels of BMSCs were significantly increased after two weeks of culture, whereas those of ACLFs had no significant difference. (aclf.in)
Diagnosis requires specific growth media, serologic or urine antigen testing, or polymerase chain reaction analysis. (msdmanuals.com)
In addition, polymerase chain reaction testing with DNA probing is available and may help identify transmission pathways. (msdmanuals.com)
Ebola Virus Disease Diagnostics, Sierra Leone: Analysis of Real-time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Values for Clinical Blood and Oral Swab Specimens. (cdc.gov)
There are two methods of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that have been the common methods to detect influenza infections: conventional and real-time RT-PCR. (who.int)
1,2 In The gold standard assay for influenza diagnosis is the Viet Nam, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 spread quickly into reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) communities in July 2009 and predominated, comprising assay. (who.int)

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. (wikipedia.org)
Although this near-wtGFP was fluorescent, it had several drawbacks, including dual peaked excitation spectra, pH sensitivity, chloride sensitivity, poor fluorescence quantum yield, poor photostability and poor folding at 37 °C (99 °F). The first reported crystal structure of a GFP was that of the S65T mutant by the Remington group in Science in 1996. (wikipedia.org)
Fluorescence is an essentially background-free signal, to the point that single fluorescent molecules can be observed. (ibs.fr)
Fluorescence was quantified directly from mycelium and protein extracted from hyphae. (usda.gov)
The decay times of this fluorescence is of the order of nanoseconds since the duration of the light depends on the lifetime of the excited states of the fluorescent material, in this case anthracene or stilbene. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The common fluorescent tube relies on fluorescence. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Biological molecules can be tagged with a fluorescent chemical group (fluorophore) by a simple chemical reaction , and the fluorescence of the tag enables sensitive and quantitative detection of the molecule. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Switchable fluorescent proteins are widely used in a new group of methods called super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (nanoscopy), which allow of extremely detailed intracellular structures imaging. (technologynetworks.com)
The proteins have an important feature: their photoswitching is very efficient, meaning that fluorescence can be switched on and off in milliseconds. (technologynetworks.com)
The fluorescence is an intense green. (neb.com)
Most gel fixing/staining protocols will affect the fluorescence of the SNAP-Vista Green substrate. (neb.com)
If the fluorescence from the unreacted substrate interferes with imaging for your protein, you may separate the labeled protein from unreacted substrate after the labeling reaction and before running the gel using, for example, a spin separation device. (neb.com)
The protein produces a green fluorescence under ultraviolet light, which enables researchers to track its location within a cell. (jove.com)
Fluorescence intensity increased over time and was stable at late times after infection at which point viral plaques continued to emit bright green fluorescence. (lsu.edu)
At an MOI of 3, all infected cells emitted strong green fluorescence as quantified by cytometry at 48 h post-infection. (lsu.edu)
Many fluorescent biosensors exploit conformation-dependent changes in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two engineered fluorophores that emit at two different colors (wavelength ranges). (nature.com)
The original Falck-Hillarp method was based on the exposure of freeze-dried tissue to formaldehyde vapor, allowing dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin to be converted to molecules that emit a yellow-green fluorescence in the microscope. (lu.se)
Sophisticated microscopy often requires two color labelling, while conventional fluorescence microscopy can reveal the expression of such proteins in brain tissue, but not their aggregation. (lu.se)

Most commercially available genes for GFP and similar fluorescent proteins are around 730 base-pairs long. (wikipedia.org)
To obtain a genetic marker to observe and study the interaction of the pathogen with its hosts, isolates ND30 and ND21 were transformed using pCT74 and gGFP constructs both containing genes for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and hygromycin B phosphotransferase. (usda.gov)
We then investigated expression levels of genes involved in BMP signaling and regulation (for example, Smad1/5/8, TGFβ receptors type I and II, noggin, sclerostin, BMP and activin receptor membrane bound inhibitor (BAMBI), v-ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Ski), Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) and Smad ubiquitination regulatory factors (Smurfs)) and confirmed the expression of regulated genes at the protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the well-known reporter genes is one that encodes for a protein called green fluorescent protein - or GFP. (jove.com)
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. (jove.com)
Thus, reporter genes "report" the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell. (jove.com)
Commonly used reporter genes are - GFP (green fluorescent protein gene), lacZ (β- galactosidase gene), RFP (red fluorescent protein gene), and Luc (luciferase gene). (jove.com)

The viral particle is composed of a protein capsid that contains a positive-sense RNA molecule of about 8,500 nucleotides that is infectious and encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed in infected cells by cis - and trans -acting viral proteases ( 55 ) to yield different polypeptide precursors and the mature viral proteins ( 9 , 62 ). (asm.org)
The viral genome encodes four structural capsid proteins (VP1 to VP4) and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins, the leader Lb/ab protease, and proteins encoded in the P2 (2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) regions ( 9 ). (asm.org)

Traditional vaccines are made either of a weakened form of the virus or viral proteins . (fluigent.com)

Molecular brightness (MB) is defined as the product of the QY and Extinction coefficient, and therefore represents capacity of a fluorescent molecule to emit photons under a given intensity and colour of excitation light. (ibs.fr)
Fluorescent proteins emit intense visible light with wavelengths ranging from 390 to 700 nm. (technologynetworks.com)

The label GFP traditionally refers to the protein first isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and is sometimes called avGFP. (wikipedia.org)
In the 1960s and 1970s, GFP, along with the separate luminescent protein aequorin (an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of luciferin, releasing light), was first purified from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its properties studied by Osamu Shimomura. (wikipedia.org)
Remarkably, the GFP molecule folded and was fluorescent at room temperature, without the need for exogenous cofactors specific to the jellyfish. (wikipedia.org)
In the jellyfish, in the presence of Calcium ions, Aequorin can to turn into an excited form that relaxes with the emission of blue light that in turn excites the GFP, which ultimately emits green light (Ref 6) , giving Aequorea victoria its colour that, hence, varies from blue to green (Fig from ref 5). (ibs.fr)
Natural functions of such proteins are rather diverse: for instance, some species of jellyfish use green fluorescent spots to attract various small organisms that serve as food. (technologynetworks.com)

Frederick Tsuji's lab independently reported the expression of the recombinant protein one month later. (wikipedia.org)
When expressed as a recombinant protein in transfected cells, PV 3A cofractionates with endoplasmic reticulum markers ( 66 ), and its single transient expression can disrupt the secretory apparatus ( 23 ) and decrease major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression ( 22 ). (asm.org)
Combining strategies in both light-programmable hydrogels and recombinant protein engineering, we control the cellular microenvironment using proteins site-specifically modified with a bioorthogonal handle and able to covalently bind to a photocaged reactive group in the hydrogel. (uw.edu)

This cylinder-shaped protein is composed of 11 (mostly) antiparallel β strands (1 and 6 are parallel) and an alpha helix through its center containing the chromophore that is formed autocatalytically from residues Ser65-Tyr66-Gly67. (ibs.fr)
A molecular model of the FMDV 3A protein, derived from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of the poliovirus 3A protein, predicted a hydrophobic interface spanning residues 25 to 44 as the main determinant for 3A dimerization. (asm.org)
Replacements L38E and L41E, involving charge acquisition at residues predicted to contribute to the hydrophobic interface, reduced the dimerization signal in the protein ligation assay and prevented the detection of dimer/multimer species in both transiently expressed 3A proteins and in synthetic peptides reproducing the N terminus of 3A. (asm.org)
Conventional methods involve the reaction of polymers which have one reactive end with the reactive residues of proteins/peptides. (chemistryviews.org)
Thiol-reactive Prodan derivatives (top left) can be site-specifically coupled to proteins via cysteine residues. (nature.com)
The SPRY2 protein contains 315 human amino acid residues (35 kDa), with the C-terminal residues 178-282 being rich in cysteine. (spandidos-publications.com)

The barrel structure produces a very tight packing of the interior of the protein, so that the chromophore and water molecules are largely fixed into place by hydrogen bonds, with limited (but not impossible) diffusion of ions or small molecules. (ibs.fr)
Proteins are molecules that are involved in almost everything a cell does. (thetech.org)
The inner fluid can contain cargo molecules such as nucleic acids or soluble proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Particular importance here is the biological applications of Pt NCs such as the bioimaging of various cells as a preferred fluorophore in contrast to traditional fluorescent markers (e.g., organic dye, semiconductor quantum dots, and fluorescent proteins), the usage of Pt NCs-based antitumour drugs as a new class chemotherapeutics for malignant tumour therapy, and the utilization of antibacteria as an alternative of Ag-based antibacterial agent. (hindawi.com)
Green fluorescent protein has revolutionized cell labeling and molecular tagging, yet the driving force and mechanism for its spontaneous fluorophore synthesis are not established. (proteopedia.org)
Fluorescent labeling of proteins by fluorophore Prodan is a useful tool to measure protein conformational changes via color switching, however, structure-based rules that predict where to emplace fluorophores that elicit robust fluorescent responses are challenging to establish. (nature.com)
In the planar form, the corresponding fluorescent emission is green, whereas the twisted fluorophore emits with a blue color. (nature.com)
The apo- and glucose-bound protein conformations are coupled to different fluorophore twists, creating a two-color glucose sensor. (nature.com)
Accordingly, fluorescent biosensors are created by coupling distinct protein conformations to changes in the electronic structure of a fluorophore, or pairs of fluorophores that have been engineered into the protein. (nature.com)
Even though the FRET distance dependence is steep (the sixth power of inter-fluorophore separation), it is challenging to engineer FRET sensors with large signal changes if the protein conformational changes of interest are small or confined to small regions within the protein, as is the case for many conformational coupling events. (nature.com)
A family of naphthalene-based fluorophores, the Prodan family, was developed in the early 1970s by Gregorio Weber's research group who argued that pairing an electron donor group (amine) with an acceptor (carbonyl) on either end of a two-membered aromatic ring system would result in a fluorescent excited state that is particularly sensitive to electrostatic environment of the fluorophore 4 . (nature.com)

In addition, it can react with proteins and nucleic acids, causing biological damage to cells and carbonyl stress. (frontiersin.org)

In the absence of amplification methods for proteins, the immune-detection of low-abundance proteins using antibodies is fundamentally limited by binding kinetic rates. (researcher-app.com)
We demonstrate the use of ITP to preconcentrate and deliver target proteins to a surface decorated with specific antibodies, where effective utilization of the focused sample is achieved by modulating the driving electric field (stop-and-diffuse ITP mode) or applying a counter flow that opposes the ITP motion (counterflow ITP mode). (researcher-app.com)

The chromophore inside the barrel structure is shown in green. (ibs.fr)
One of the most interesting features of the GFP chromophore is that it does not require a catalytic system to be formed, but is autocatalytically assembled after protein production, requiring only molecular oxygen as a cofactor for its full maturation. (ibs.fr)
These results lead directly to a conjugation-trapping mechanism, in which a thermodynamically unfavorable cyclization reaction is coupled to an electronic conjugation trapping step, to drive chromophore maturation. (proteopedia.org)
Moreover, we propose primarily electrostatic roles for the R96 and E222 side chains in chromophore formation and suggest that the T62 carbonyl oxygen is the base that initiates the dehydration reaction. (proteopedia.org)
Mechanism and energetics of green fluorescent protein chromophore synthesis revealed by trapped intermediate structures. (proteopedia.org)
Barondeau DP, Putnam CD, Kassmann CJ, Tainer JA, Getzoff ED. Mechanism and energetics of green fluorescent protein chromophore synthesis revealed by trapped intermediate structures. (proteopedia.org)
The authors analyzed the results of experiments carried out by other biologists and found out how the microenvironment of the chromophore (the aromatic amino acid residue responsible for light absorption in the protein) must be altered to make it capable of photoswitching. (technologynetworks.com)

Its role is to transduce the blue chemiluminescence of the protein aequorin into green fluorescent light by energy transfer. (proteopedia.org)

As shown on the figure (so called Jablonski diagram), when a molecule (e.g. a fluorescent protein) in the electronic ground state absorbs a photon of suitable wavelength, it accesses the first electronically excited state. (ibs.fr)
Single molecule diffusion and binding reactions were simulated within Smoldyn for discrimination of mechanistic scenarios. (warwick.ac.uk)
Search chemical reactions in Rhea for this molecule. (rhea-db.org)
Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule. (rhea-db.org)
Binding of a small molecule to the sensor (e.g. glucose or neurotransmitters), interactions of a sensor with another protein (e.g. cellular signal transduction networks), or changes in the physical environment of the sensor such as a strong electrical field (e.g. detection of electrochemical pulses along a neuron) are typical chemical events. (nature.com)

TCDD for every step of the mechanism described for 2,3,7,8-TCDD carcinogenesis in humans including receptor binding, gene expression, protein activity changes, cellular replication, oxidative stress, promotion in initiation-promotion studies and complete carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. (who.int)

NS proteins are involved in crucial aspects of the viral cycle and pathogenesis, such as rearrangements of intracellular membranes required for endomembrane recruitment and the lysis of host cells ( 1 , 12 , 14 , 18 , 73 ). (asm.org)
A device that uses specific biochemical reactions mediated by isolated enzymes, immunosystems, tissues, organelles or whole cells to detect chemical compounds, usually by electrical, thermal or optical signals. (genomicglossaries.com)
Deep Sea Vent Hypothesis: This hypothesis stated that chemical reactions in the oceans hydrothermal vents of the ocean created living cells. (bartleby.com)
In particular, we used ASCs harvested from transgenic mice that produce a green fluorescent protein (GFP) in all of their cells to track the implantation and differentiation of ASCs around the implant [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These proteins will help to study processes in living cells. (technologynetworks.com)
We used new proteins to observe cytoskeleton changes in living cells over time," explained Aleksandr Mishin, Ph.D, Senior Researcher of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who headed up the RSF project. (technologynetworks.com)
The proteins developed are called reporter proteins, as they act as "spies" within cells. (technologynetworks.com)
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) promote osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MhpT fused with green fluorescent protein was found to be located at the periphery of cells by confocal microscopy, consistent with localization to the cytoplasmic membrane. (rhea-db.org)
The cells expressing GFP glow green when excited by wavelengths of blue to the ultraviolet range, while those expressing RFP glow red when excited by wavelengths of 488 nm or 532 nm. (jove.com)
The cells expressing the Luc gene produce luciferase enzymes that catalyze a reaction with luciferin to produce light. (jove.com)
Moreover, 4 weeks postoperatively, more fluorescent cells were presented in BMSC-loaded constructs than in ACLF-loaded constructs. (aclf.in)

The fluorescent proteins we created will enable super-resolution microscopy without harming the living cell, which opens up opportunities for studying dynamic processes within the cell," Aleksandr Mishin concluded. (technologynetworks.com)

Correct storage and handling of unlabeled SNAP-tag fusion proteins is essential to maintain reactivity of the SNAP-tag prior to labeling. (neb.com)
Unlabeled fusion proteins should be stored at -20°C and thawed just before use. (neb.com)
Isolated vesicles contained predominantly P9-GFP, suggesting selective incorporation of P9-tagged fusion proteins into the vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)

This transgenic P. falciparum reporter line constantly expresses two reporter proteins, GFP and NanoLuc, at high levels in two different hosts, human and mosquito. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
By utilising the expression of these two reporter proteins, P. falciparum can be successfully visualised and quantified with high sensitivity. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)
We have created a transgenic P. falciparum that expresses two reporter proteins, GFP and NanoLuc, at high levels in both the human- and the vector mosquito stage. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)

Transforming growth factor β1 inhibits bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-7 signaling via upregulation of Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN): possible mechanism for the failure of BMP therapy? (biomedcentral.com)
In the accompanying article 2 , we have uncovered a subtle, but powerful, fluorescent signal transduction mechanism (Figure 1) that we anticipate will enable development of new fluorescent biosensors. (nature.com)
A conformationally sensitive fluorescent color-switching mechanism. (nature.com)
At the heart of any fluorescent signal transduction mechanism is the phenomenon of conformational coupling which Jacques Monod referred to as the "secret of life", because it constitutes the molecular basis of most biological processes such as enzyme control, ligand transport across membrane, motor proteins, or cellular signal transduction 3 . (nature.com)
A first study of the reaction mechanism was reported in the paper that is the topic of this Citation Classic. (lu.se)

Previously we've demonstrated the ability to photopattern gels with fluorescent proteins that excite at different wavelengths, and have shown that multiple proteins can be patterned independently within the same material with 4D control. (uw.edu)

Samples were evaluated and compared for their cellular morphology, proliferation, gene and protein expression of tenascin-C, type I and type III collagen. (aclf.in)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, virulence, and host range. (asm.org)

X-ray structures revealed that in protein conjugates, the carbonyl can be twisted by specific interactions with two or three amino acid side-chains. (nature.com)
This study evaluated the minimum requirements for the formation of phi6-specific vesicles and the possibility to localize P9-tagged heterologous proteins into such structures in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Our results demonstrate that the phi6 major envelope protein P9 can trigger formation of cytoplasmic membrane structures in E. coli in the absence of any other viral protein. (biomedcentral.com)
The possibility to locate heterologous proteins into the P9-lipid vesicles facilitates the production of vesicular structures with novel properties. (biomedcentral.com)

The demonstration that ribosomal peptide synthesis is a ribozyme-catalyzed reaction makes it almost certain that there was once an RNA World" (Orgel Leslie E. 2004). (bartleby.com)
however, the study of ultrafine Pt NCs is at the beginning stage and there are still plenty of challenges like synthesis of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent Pt NCs, the explicit signal pathway of cell apoptosis, and attempt in diverse biological applications that need to be urgently tackled in future. (hindawi.com)
The effective synthesis and delivery of polymer conjugates of protein and peptide therapeutics are challenges in clinical development. (chemistryviews.org)
Ashutosh Chilkoti and colleagues, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, developed a high-yield synthesis of site-specific protein/peptide-polymer therapeutics by using a modular approach involving recombinant expression, enzymatic attachment of an azido group to the protein/peptide, and polymer coupling by a copper-free click reaction (pictured). (chemistryviews.org)
The only requirement for this method is that the protein or peptide must have a defined peptide sequence at its C-terminus, which is easily achieved by recombinant expression or by solid-phase synthesis. (chemistryviews.org)

A(H1N1)pdm02 became endemic, co-circulating with phase of the reaction, and quality of amplification can be influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses. (who.int)

To enhance the osteogenic potential of stem cell sheet, we fabricated bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP-2 ) gene-engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine-alginate (PEI-al) nanocomposites plus human BMP-2 complementary(c)DNA plasmid, and studied its osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. (dovepress.com)
To further test the osteogenic potential of the cell sheet in vivo, enhanced green fluorescent protein or BMP-2-producing cell sheets were treated on the cranial bone defects. (dovepress.com)
The investigation of pathologic pathways and the development of suitable medication demand for methods to visualize protein aggregation ex vivo. (lu.se)

A multifunctional role of Atg8-family proteins (Atg8 from yeast and human LC3 and GABARAP subfamilies, all referred to here as ATG8s) in macroautophagy/autophagy is carried out by two protein domains, the N-terminal helical domain (NHD) and ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain. (bvsalud.org)

Biosensor development depends on a deep understanding of molecular mechanisms that transduce the chemical reactions (events) into a fluorescent signal, which can be challenging to establish. (nature.com)

in poliovirus (PV), the interaction between the RNA replication complex and intracellular membranes appears to be accomplished by proteins 3A and 2C, which have membrane-binding properties ( 11 , 60 ). (asm.org)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) to modulate acute changes in intracellular messenger levels and ion channel activity. (biomedcentral.com)

Also, thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates can be visualized if the compounds or a coloring reagent is fluorescent. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Fingerprints can be visualized with fluorescent compounds such as ninhydrin. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In parallel studies of tissues, it became clear that the catecholamines and serotonin could form intensely fluorescent compounds in freeze-dried specimens exposed to dry FA gas - that is under conditions of such dryness that any dislocation could be avoided. (lu.se)

Therefore, fusing the GFP gene to the gene of a protein of interest can significantly increase the protein's size and molecular mass, and can impair the protein's natural function or change its location or trajectory of transport within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Without any risk of gene insertion as injected mRNA are translated into proteins in the cell cytoplasm, these types of vaccines have been proven to be long-lasting and effective with safe immune responses . (fluigent.com)
They are attached to other proteins, which can then be traced in a living cell. (technologynetworks.com)
Fluorescent protein biosensors have unlocked major advances in cell biology, neurobiology, clinical chemistry, environmental monitoring, and agricultural technologies 1 . (nature.com)
The knock-in cell lines that we created show a functioning fluorescent reporter system for DA neurons that are identifiable by flow cytometry. (ox.ac.uk)
Towards this, we have generated two photopatternable recombinant growth factors, BMP-2 (bone morphogenic protein 2) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β), known to direct human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. (uw.edu)
I will encapsulate hMSCs in a hydrogel and direct cell differentiation and growth in 4D using a combination of photopatterned BMP-2 and TGF-β proteins. (uw.edu)
In addition, the two cell types were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to trace their fate in the knee joints. (aclf.in)

Unreacted SNAP-Vista Green substrate will run in front of the protein bands in the gel, running at an equivalent molecular weight below 20 kDa (below the band obtained for SNAP-tag alone). (neb.com)

CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9, PAM: protospacer adjacent motif. (techcodex.com)
To evaluate the role of OsMATL2-the gene encoding OsMATL2 protein-in haploid induction, the team used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate knockout mutants (sgOsMATL2) with suppressed OsMATL2 protein expression. (techcodex.com)

A reporter gene codes for a protein that can be tracked, such as a protein with a known enzymatic activity or one that is fluorescent. (jove.com)

The receptor was genetically modified with the help of a green fluorescent protein to develop fluorescent properties and glow green. (idw-online.de)
In this study, we genetically modified P. falciparum to simultaneously express GFP, a fluorescent protein, and NanoLuc, a luciferase. (nagasaki-u.ac.jp)

In a series of papers between 1998 and 2002, he and his coworkers in Maxygen and other companies have used the technique to obtain greatly improved proteins, such as green fluorescent protein, fucosidase, subtilisin, thymidine kinase and interferon-alpha, as well as improved retroviral vectors and bacterial strains of Streptomyces and Lactobacillus . (i-sis.org.uk)
To do this, we need to combine the human instructions for how to make the protein with bacterial instructions for where and how much to make. (thetech.org)
Bacterial strain identity, growth conditions, reaction temperature, and protein solubility have all been shown to influence protein expression. (uw.edu)

After infection, the expression of PYCR1 protein was detected by Western blot. (jcancer.org)
Expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein by herpes simplex" by Timothy P. Foster, Galena V. Rybachuk et al. (lsu.edu)
Though this technique has been successfully demonstrated in the DeForest lab, a remaining challenge is to increase yield during protein expression. (uw.edu)
Absence of interleukin-1 receptor 1 increases excitatory and inhibitory scaffolding protein expression and microglial activation in the adult mouse hippocampus. (lu.se)

Results: PhiC31 integrase mRNA and protein was produced in vitro and their functionality was confirmed. (ac.ir)

SNAP-Vista Green is dried down with mannitol to improve its aqueous solubility. (neb.com)

Consequently, different classes of fluorophores whose response mechanisms directly probe delicate local structural changes could be more generalizable tools to build fluorescent biosensors. (nature.com)
The phi6 major envelope protein P9 and the non-structural protein P12 are essential for the envelopment of its virions. (biomedcentral.com)
Early studies on nonsense mutants of phage phi6 suggested that the major envelope protein P9 and the non-structural protein P12 are the only proteins needed for phi6 virion envelopment [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this work, FMDV 3A homodimerization was evidenced by an in situ protein fluorescent ligation assay. (asm.org)
Sortase-Tag Expressed Protein Ligation (STEPL) is a protein functionalization/purification method that solves many of these problems. (uw.edu)

Protein found in raw egg white which binds to biotin (etymology is from its avidity to biotin). (genomicglossaries.com)
2017 to March 2018, there was circulation of both detect a single target in a very small concentration of DNA influenza A and B, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 again or RNA because it uses a fluorescent dye that binds to predominating in Viet Nam. (who.int)

These contain Taq DNA polymerase in a highly optimised reaction buffer, along with the dNTPs (deoxynucleosides) required to perform real-time PCR reactions. (ddw-online.com)
Add 2 µl of the substrate stock solution to 18 µl of protein sample containing a SNAP-tag fusion protein in an appropriate buffer (see notes). (neb.com)
We discuss the design of buffer chemistries for other protein systems and, in concert with experiments, provide full analytical solutions for the two operation modes, elucidating the interplay between reaction, diffusion, and accumulation time scales and enabling the prediction and design of future immunoassays. (researcher-app.com)

The tube is lined with a coating of a fluorescent material, called the phosphor , which absorbs the ultraviolet and re-emits visible light. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The mobility of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions with native and mutant constructs of the major neuronal CaMKII isoforms has been measured in single dendritic spines by photo-bleaching and photo-activation protocols. (warwick.ac.uk)

Infection and colonization of tissues were clearly visible with a fluorescent microscope. (usda.gov)
After that, the scientists cloned proteins and selected the best-performing ones using a microscope. (technologynetworks.com)

Therefore, the team hopes the work provides a general methodology for the clinical and commercial development of protein/peptide-polymer conjugates as biologic drugs. (chemistryviews.org)

A confocal scanner then reads the fluorescent intensity of each hybridized sequence in the array. (medscape.com)

The best-in-class fluorescent sensors transduce chemical events into robust fluorescent signals. (nature.com)

ASCs were harvested from the fat tissues of transgenic mice that express a green fluorescent protein (GFP-ASCs) and then injected into the peri-implant space of recipient mice. (biomedcentral.com)

This method allows functional probes to be site-specifically conjugated onto a protein, while simultaneously separating modified and unmodified proteins. (uw.edu)

The interaction of biotin and Avidin or Streptavidin has been exploited for use in many protein and nucleic acid detection and purification methods. (genomicglossaries.com)

The natural protein has 238 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
After maturation, these three amino-acids form a para-HydroxyBenzylideneDimethylImidazolinone (p-HBDI) structure, responsible for the light absorption and emission properties of the protein. (ibs.fr)
The protein architecture contains a dramatic approximately 80 degrees bend in the central helix, which focuses distortions at G67 to promote ring formation from amino acids S65, Y66, and G67. (proteopedia.org)
Though natural proteins are comprised of just 20 monomeric amino acids, they can be post-translationally decorated to introduce expanded chemical functionality. (uw.edu)

We estimated binding affinities in the micro-molar range for the dominant reactions of the CaMKII isoforms with the post-synaptic membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. (warwick.ac.uk)
Synaptic vesicle exocytosis occurs at specialized regions of the presynaptic membrane, termed active zones, in which presynaptic release machinery proteins cluster opposite postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors. (jneurosci.org)
The cystovirus Pseudomonas phage phi6 has an envelope that harbors five viral membrane proteins and phospholipids derived from the cytoplasmic membrane of its Gram-negative host. (biomedcentral.com)
The bilayer is composed of phospholipids and is typically embedded with membrane proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Scientists can take advantage of this by using proteins found in bacteria called "restriction enzymes. (thetech.org)

The Atg12 protein in yeast is an indispensable polypeptide in the highly conserved ubiquitin-like conjugation system operating in the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway. (bvsalud.org)
A major deletion in the IDPR disrupts intactness of the UBL domain at the unconjugated C terminus, and a mutation in the predicted α0 helix in the IDPR prevents Atg12 from binding to Atg7 and Atg10, which ultimately affects the protein function in the ubiquitin-like conjugation cascade. (bvsalud.org)
Though several techniques have been developed, the majority do not provide site-specific modification nor stoichiometric conjugation necessary to preserve protein bioactivity. (uw.edu)

Willem P.C. Stemmer of Affymax Research Institute in Palo Alto, California, published a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy Science in 1994, describing a technique for rapidly shuffling and recombining DNA in the laboratory that appears to generate recombinant proteins with greatly improved performances. (i-sis.org.uk)
Development of a reverse genetics system to generate a recombinant Ebola virus Makona expressing a green fluorescent protein. (cdc.gov)

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) play a key role in bone formation. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy50

Organisms36

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment52

Phenomena and Processes72

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science5

Health Care1

EGFP10

Polymerase chain re16

Fluorescence18

Genes7

Encodes2

Viral proteins1

Emit2

Jellyfish5

Recombinant protein3

Residues6

Molecules3

Fluorophore8

Nucleic acids1

Antibodies2

Chromophore7

Aequorin1

Molecule5

Humans1

Cells12

Microscopy1

Fusion proteins3

Reporter proteins3

Mechanism5

Wavelengths1

Cellular1

Nonstructural1

Structures4

Synthesis5

Amplification1

Vivo3

Multifunctional role1

Chemical reactions1

Intracellular2

Compounds3

Cell8

Molecular1

Cas92

Enzymatic1

Genetically modified2

Bacterial3

Expression4

MRNA1

Solubility1

Structural3

Ligation2

Binds2

Buffer3

Ultraviolet1

Constructs1

Microscope2

Conjugates1

Confocal1

Transduce1

Transgenic1

Probes1

Purification1

Amino acids4

Membrane4

Bacteria1

Conjugation3

Generate2

Bone1