• The studies were carried out on male Wistar rats which, from their birth until reaching sexual maturity (for 3 months), drank water containing 1% lead (II) acetate and/or received melatonin in feed (1mg/ kg body wt. (pjoes.com)
  • Methods: Pharmacokinetic parameters of riluzole were determined in Wistar rats after single-dose co-administration with ciprofloxacin and grapefruit juice. (researchgate.net)
  • Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups treated with normal diet, UCMS, HFD, HFD+UCMS, or HFD+UCMS+GBE respectively. (hindawi.com)
  • 1963). Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, and their triglycerides, were chlorinated with 36 Cl-chlorine and administered orally to male Wistar rats. (inchem.org)
  • Thirty adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Excretion Study of Fluoresceinlabeled PS916 in Rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • 64.2 versus 7.7) in rat than in dog, whereas the in vivo biliary excretion of temocaprilat was 40-fold higher in rat than in dog. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Comparatively, absorption was greater and excretion more rapid in rats treated with 0.5 mg of 14 C-ETU/kg bw, where 96% of the dose was excreted in the urine and only 4.2% in the faeces within 3 days post-dosing. (inchem.org)
  • The effects of calcium sodium ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (CaNa 2 EDTA) on the kinetics of distribution and excretion of lead ( 210 Pb) have been studied in rats. (bmj.com)
  • lead/rat, it greatly increased the urinary excretion of lead but reduced the faecal excretion. (bmj.com)
  • Rats treated orally with CaNa 2 EDTA showed an increase in urinary lead excretion and a reduction in lead fixed in the body. (bmj.com)
  • Tissues including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, fat, intestine, liver, spleen and trachea were collected for ELISA to investigate PbTx-3 uptake and distribution, route of excretion and rates of clearance (1h-1wk post-exposure). (vin.com)
  • Uptake, tissue distribution, and excretion of brevetoxin 3 administered to rats by intratracheal instillation. (vin.com)
  • Absorption, distribution, and excretion Rats fed diets containing 4.1% lipids extracted from chlorine- treated flour showed a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids and a corresponding increase in palmitic, oleic, and palmitoleic acids in fat depots when compared with controls receiving 4.1% lipid from untreated flour. (inchem.org)
  • Tritiated parent fatty acids acted as controls for comparisons of absorption, tissue distribution, and excretion of the compounds. (inchem.org)
  • In-vitro metabolic inhibition studies using rat and human liver microsomes and intestinal absorption studies of riluzole in a rat everted gut-sac model were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of interaction. (researchgate.net)
  • 1985). Absorption was studied in male CD rats treated dermally on their shaved backs with 14 C metiram at dose levels of 0.24 or 240 mg/kg bw equal to 0.004 or 4 mg/cm 2 , respectively. (inchem.org)
  • However, mechanisms involved in the absorption and distribution within the body of iron complexed with EDTA are poorly understood. (usda.gov)
  • Our objectives were to compare absorption and tissue distribution of iron administered to rats either as FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA, either orally (OR) or subcutaneously (SC). (usda.gov)
  • Absorption of the chlorinated compounds was greatly reduced compared to the parent compounds and tissue deposition was generally greatly reduced, although deposition of chlorinated oleic acid in the heart was similar to that of oleic acid and deposition of chlorinated triolein was greater than that of unchlorinated triolein. (inchem.org)
  • The antihypertensive peptides, Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro, were successfully detected in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats after orally administering these peptides by a guanidine-thiocyanate treatment to prevent proteolysis. (go.jp)
  • We have examined the maturation of tectal tissue transplanted from fetal rats to the midbrain of newborns and have characterized the distribution of host retinal and cortical afferents within the transplants. (edu.au)
  • Levels of total bile acid (TBA), ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, and SP-A were determined and the lungs of fetal rats were analyzed for pathological changes. (hindawi.com)
  • Groups A and B intervened with BA showed significant higher level of TBA in both maternal and fetal serum, more mortality rate of fetal rats, more concentration of SP-A in fetal serum, and wider alveolus mesenchyme of fetal rats than the control Group C. Higher level of BA associated with increased fetal risk and lower numerical density of mitochondria in type II alveolar epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The TBA level in maternal serum showed significant association with lung pathological changes in fetal rats. (hindawi.com)
  • The blood-brain barrier appeared effective against transfer of chlorinated oleic acid, but the compound was widely distributed throughout other tissues. (inchem.org)
  • In the present study, pharmacokinetics of CIP following IN and IV administration to rats was investigated and compared. (researchgate.net)
  • Placental and mammary transfer of 36 Cl-chlorinated oleic acid and tritiated oleic acid were studied after oral administration to rats. (inchem.org)
  • In both rat and guinea-pig, cerebellin-like immunoreactivity was highest in the cerebellum but was also present in high concentrations elsewhere in the central nervous system, especially in the hypothalamus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cerebellin was concentrated in synaptosomal preparations of rat brain, and its subcellular distribution pattern in rat brain was identical to that of two other known synaptosomal peptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P. Studies with superfused cerebellar synaptosomes and slices of rat cerebellum and hypothalamus demonstrated calcium-dependent cerebellin release when stimulated by high potassium concentrations as well as the addition of the calcium ionophore A23187. (ox.ac.uk)
  • No changes were observed in blood plasma Ca and Mg concentrations in rats exposed to lead and treated with melatonin. (pjoes.com)
  • We observed that the protein concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-а, in addition to MDA and H 2 O 2 were notably increased, inversely SOD, and GSH were sigificantly decreased in cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of septic rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After 6 hours of insulin therapy, we found that the cytokine concentrations notably decreased and oxidative stress injuries in the cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus were alleviated in septic rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed significantly high levels of both C7orf24 mRNAs in the liver and kidney, compared with other tissues examined. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Metabolite patterns were determined for kidney and liver extracts from rats treated with 14 C metiram at 5 mg/kg bw for 7 days. (inchem.org)
  • Only kidney and nasal epithelium show specific tissue affinities at these early time intervals. (europa.eu)
  • For ethylene oxide, there ylene oxide), nasal tissue (formal- chemicals and chemicals that are was limited evidence of carcinogen- dehyde), and the kidney (TCE). (who.int)
  • Liver, lung and kidney tissues from trapped small mammals were sampled in accordance with the recommended conditions of biosafety and bioethics. (who.int)
  • The vitamin A levels in lungs and adrenals were higher in ethanol-fed rats, whereas the vitamin A levels of kidneys of ethanol-fed groups were either no different or lower than in controls. (illinois.edu)
  • Cortex tissues were used for detecting 8-iso-prostaglandinF2 α (8-iso-PGF2 α ) by ELISA. (hindawi.com)
  • Dr. King's research focus early in his tenure was the biology of aquaporin water channel proteins in the respiratory tract as well as other tissues. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • 13. Verna C, Bosch C, Dalstra M, Wikesjö UM, Trombelli L. Healing patterns in calvarial bone defects following guided bone regeneration in rats: a micro-CT scan analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • O'Shaughnessy and Moreau de Tours administered large amounts of hashish extracts to mice, rabbits and rats without producing any lethal effects. (unodc.org)
  • The intravenous LD 50 in rats and mice is in the vicinity of 30 and 40 mg/kg respectively with death occurring in 15 minutes. (unodc.org)
  • Diarrhea in mice, with in addition, tremor and lacrimation in rats were observed after intraperitoneal or intragastric administration. (unodc.org)
  • The distribution of 14C-test substance was studied in female and 14.5-day-pregnant mice by whole-body autoradiography after administrating 6.5-6.7 mg test substance/kg bw (11-14 uCi/mouse) by oral intubation. (europa.eu)
  • A greater portion of However, an interspecies difference in Inconsistent results have been obtained the pulmonary parenchyma (composed of air response, with rats but not mice showing an in studies using mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Relevant of mutagenicity and clastogenici- angiosarcomas of the liver, which carcinogens discussed in this chap- ty, including the induction of sister are rare tumours, were identified in ter do not include pharmaceutical chromatid exchange (SCE), chro- humans, rats, and mice exposed to drugs classified in Group 1, which mosomal aberrations (CA), and mi- vinyl chloride. (who.int)
  • or each of these agents, carcinogenicity in rats and/or mice, els, differences in exposure con- there was sufficient evidence of car- for example for the liver (aflatoxins, ditions between studies in animals cinogenicity from studies in rats and/ trichloroethylene [TCE], and vinyl and in humans, or limitations in Part 1 · Chapter 1. (who.int)
  • The present study examined the distribution pattern of C7orf24 mRNA in rat tissues using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization histochemistry. (elsevierpure.com)
  • There has been active interest in recent years in developing and optimizing analytical methods for determination of morroniside in rat plasma samples using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection [ 8 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Neurobehavioural effects, redox responses and tissue distribution in rat offspring developmental exposure to BDE-99. (bvsalud.org)
  • exposure concentration on particle retention in histologic sections from rats and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Because rats lack respiratory bron- age of particles in the interstitium is increased with increased dose (exposure concentration, years chioles, they have simple acini. (cdc.gov)
  • Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining was applied to reveal pathological changes to arteries and cardiac tissue. (hindawi.com)
  • Three days prior to killing the rats on the high fat diets received an intragastric dose of [ 3 H] retinyl acetate. (illinois.edu)
  • The second experiment was similar to the first except that diets contained β-carotene and all rats received a dose of [ 3 H] β-carotene. (illinois.edu)
  • The majority of the administered dose was recovered from the treated skin of the rats. (inchem.org)
  • 1984). Biotransformation Rats Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the urine of rats treated with 14 C-metiram as single oral doses of 5 or 50 mg/kg bw, and a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg bw of a 15 N-metiram and 14 C-metiram suspension (1:1 ratio), revealed eight principal radioactive components. (inchem.org)
  • The proportion of radioactive components in the bile of rats treated with a single oral dose of 14 C metiram at 10 mg/kg bw as separated by TLC were similar to those obtained in the urine. (inchem.org)
  • About 18% of the dose was absorbed through the intestine to be distributed in all tissues. (bmj.com)
  • This insolubility makes it very difficult to study Δ 9 -THC in isolated tissue preparations suspended or incubated in the standard electrolyte solutions (such as Krebs Ringer) and obtain dose response curves. (unodc.org)
  • In the same study as above, six groups of F344 rats (20 per sex per dose) received MCA (as an acid in deionized water) by gavage at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 150 mg/ kg bw per day, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks. (canada.ca)
  • Interim evaluations were done on five rats per dose group after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. (canada.ca)
  • Mammary transfer of chlorinated oleic acid to a 2-week-old suckling rat occurred to the extent of 15.9% of the parental dose in 24 hours, compared with 34.0% for unchlorinated oleic acid. (inchem.org)
  • The pharmacokinetics and bio-disposition of PS916-FTC were studied in rats after oral or intravenous administration . (bvsalud.org)
  • Analysis of the plasma , urine , fecal and tissue samples collected at intervals up to 72 h revealed that PS916-FTC exhibited moderate volume of distribution (Vss, 0.650~0.748 L/kg), and low clearance (60.9~107 mL/h/kg) after intravenous administration . (bvsalud.org)
  • When the chelant was given intravenously, at 50 mg./rat daily after a single intravenous injection of 100 μg. (bmj.com)
  • Losmapimod effectively improved memory, reduced the frequency of seizures, protected the neuron from damage, and limited the apoptosis of neurons in epilepsy rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • 14 - 18 Two principal cannabinoid receptors have been described (CB1, which is predominant in neurons, and CB2, which is localized in immune cells and peripheral tissue cells). (arvojournals.org)
  • The aim of this study was to determine whether oral supplementation of melatonin (M), a known antioxidant, free radical scavenger and metal chelator, influences lead (Pb), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) distribution in the blood, bones and teeth of rats exposed chronically to lead. (pjoes.com)
  • In rats chronically exposed to lead during their fast development (from birth until reaching sexual maturity), melatonin supplementation did not cause a significant decrease in Pb concentration in whole blood and bones. (pjoes.com)
  • The amount of interstitial connective tis- experimental data on chronic health effects been observed in hamsters that chronically sue in the lung also differs, with rats having of inhaled particles come from rats. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ethanol feeding with moderate or high fat diets upon hepatic and nonhepatic tissue contents of vitamin A. In the first experiment male rats were fed control or 30% ethanol liquid diets containing retinul acetate and either moderate fat (17% of total calories) or high fat (35% of total calories) for four weeks. (illinois.edu)
  • By oral route, LD 50 is greater in female than in male rats. (unodc.org)
  • Single oral doses of tritiated oleic acid of 36 Cl-chlorinated oleic acid were administered to groups of male rats which were then killed at periods of 1-28 days after administration. (inchem.org)
  • Forty pregnant rats were treated with (A) 5.5 mg/kg BA, (B) 1.4 mg/kg BA, and (C) 1 ml physiological saline. (hindawi.com)
  • This study was conducted to determine the distribution of [14C]C60 in the pregnant rat and fetuses, and in the lactating rat and offspring. (rti.org)
  • Pregnant rats were dosed on gestation day (gd) 15 and lactating rats were dosed on postnatal day (pnd) 8 via tail vein injection with a suspension of 0.3 mg [14C]C60 kg-1 body weight prepared in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or with PVP alone. (rti.org)
  • In the single non-pregnant female, the sites of localization were identical in the adult tissues: brain, nasal epithelium, bone, and renal and hepatic elimination are seen. (europa.eu)
  • The kinetics of distribution and elimination appeared to be the same in female and pregnant animals. (europa.eu)
  • Cellular and subcellular distribution in respiratory tract and glands of rat. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Cerebellin-like peptide: tissue distribution in rat and guinea-pig and its release from rat cerebellum, hypothalamus and cerebellar synaptosomes in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although, in clinical practice, IV administration of CIP is not recommended for routine use in the management of CRS, this route was herein chosen because oral bioavailability of CIP is only around 20% in rats (Hwang et al. (researchgate.net)
  • 5 - 10 Unfortunately, gambogic acid has poor solubility (less than 0.5 μg/mL), a short half-life (less than 1 hour in dogs and less than 20 minutes in rats), and low bioavailability, which limits its application. (dovepress.com)
  • The assumption that in vivo bioavailability correlates with the in vitro bioaccessibility was verified in an in vivo blood kinetics study in rats, using three representative substances. (europa.eu)
  • Aquaporins in complex tissues: I. Developmental patterns in respiratory tract and glandular tissue of rat. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • However, peripheral tissue contained an additional immunoreactive peak of higher molecular weight. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A cannabinoid system composed of several receptors and of endogenous cannabinoids, including anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), 12 , 13 has been identified in the brain, the peripheral tissue, and the eye. (arvojournals.org)
  • In the brain of both species, cerebellin-like immunoreactivity consisted of a single molecular form with an elution position on gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography identical to that of synthetic rat cerebellin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study has demonstrated that chronic ethanol consumption causes increased vitamin A content of nonhepatic tissues, primarily the lung and adrenals, but not of kidneys. (illinois.edu)
  • In this study, a highly heterogeneous distribution of 13 different GABA(A) receptor subunit-immunoreactivities was observed. (nih.gov)
  • To determine the correlation between maternal bile acid (BA) level and fetal pulmonary surfactant in rats and study the effects of BA on fetal lung in rat model of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. (hindawi.com)
  • This study is aimed at expanding on these findings via analysis of the cardiac and brain inflammation, which was prevented by GBE in rats suffering with a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore whether insulin therapy can inhibit cytokine production (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a) and oxidative stress injury of the brain tissue in septic rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study evaluated radiographically the effects of 1% hyaluronan in bone healing using a critical size rat-calvaria defect model. (bvsalud.org)
  • An experimental study in rats using a membrane technique. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of the present study was designed to analyze the effects of different sterilization techniques, i.e. ethylene oxide (ETO), gamma radiation (GR) and hydrogen peroxide- based plasma (H2O2) in biodegradable PLA scaffolds, and to determine the best sterilization technique to render a sterile product with minimal degradation and deformation, and good tissue response. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, the results show that among sterilization techniques used in the preset study, the best results were observed with H2O2 sterilization, since it did not significantly modify the surface structure of the PLA fibers and their in vivo response did not cause an unfavorable tissue reaction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Distribution of angiopeptin was rapid, with the highest concentration appearing in the liver. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The concentration in the fetuses was greater than that in maternal tissues but it decreases with time. (europa.eu)
  • F(ab')2 fragments of antireceptor antibodies were perfused in situ via the portal vein prior to tissue fixation. (nih.gov)
  • However, whether the level of TBA in maternal serum caused perinatal abnormality of pulmonary surfactant and fetal lung tissue morphological structure remains largely unknown. (hindawi.com)
  • Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
  • There is also evidence of variation in toxicity between rat species. (unodc.org)
  • To clarify this issue, we used an indirect immunoelectron microscopic method to determine the distribution of the receptor on the surfaces of hepatic cells accessible to the circulation. (nih.gov)
  • 3) The pharmacokinetic of PS916-FTC in rats was investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • The volume of distribution of 250-, 70-, and 40-kDa dextrans in the cerebral tissue of diabetic rats were significantly increased. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The volume of distribution of these dextrans in cerebral tissue was normalized by both statins. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • However, very few studies of the possible effects of insulin in cerebral tissues of septic patients have been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cerebellin has therefore a widespread distribution and fulfils two criteria for a neurotransmitter, in that it is found in brain synaptosomes and shows calcium dependent, depolarization-induced release from nervous tissues and isolated nerve endings. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using immunocytochemistry, we investigated the distribution of GABA(A) receptor subunits deriving from 13 different genes (alpha1-alpha6, beta1-beta3, gamma1-gamma3 and delta) in the adult rat brain. (nih.gov)
  • Subunit alpha1-, beta1-, beta2-, beta3- and gamma2-immunoreactivities were found throughout the brain, although differences in their distribution were observed. (nih.gov)
  • This distribution and the apparently typical patterns of co-distribution of these GABA(A) receptor subunits support the assumption of multiple, differently assembled GABA(A) receptor subtypes and their heterogeneous distribution within the adult rat brain. (nih.gov)
  • In the rats with HFD+UCMS+GBE, over 13 weeks, GBE exerted a protective role of both the heart and brain, by attenuating cardiac inflammation and brain oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
  • The effect of rosuvastatin and simvastatin therapy (10 mg/kg) for 5 weeks on blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-retinal barrier (BRB), and cardiac muscle permeability of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was studied. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We concluded that insulin can inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines and the oxidative stress response, thereby improving brain tissue damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to their threatened and endangered status, experimental exposures cannot be performed to determine the fate of PbTx-3 in sea turtle tissues, making it difficult to design appropriate treatments. (vin.com)
  • These findings supported the understanding of pharmacokinetics and bio-disposition of PS916 in rats and provide relevant information for future design of clinical studies. (bvsalud.org)
  • The investigations on the response of bone tissue under different loading conditions are important from clinical and engineering points of view. (mdpi.com)
  • While exposed animals showed clear clinical symptoms of toxicity including partial paralysis, swimming in circles, and ataxia, there was no evident tissue pathology. (vin.com)
  • The cardiac tissues were used for detecting IL-1 β , nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κ B), inhibitor molecule protein (I κ B), and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) by ELISA and P65, P-P65, I κ B, and phosphorylated inhibitor molecule protein α (P-I κ B α ) for western blotting. (hindawi.com)
  • Immunohistochemical staining was employed to assess the distribution of inflammatory cytokine IL-1 β in arteries and cardiac tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • The volume of distribution of 40 kDa in cardiac muscle was increased in diabetes, and this change was prevented with statin treatment. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Weanling rats were fed purified diets supplemented with either FeSO4 or NaFeEDTA for 7 days. (usda.gov)
  • Toxicological studies Acute toxicity studies Acute toxicity studies with technical metiram have been performed in the rat and mouse, the results of which are summarized in Table 1. (inchem.org)
  • Results of in vitro studies demonstrate that cabergoline exerts a direct inhibitory effect on the secretion of prolactin by rat pituitary lactotrophs. (drugs.com)
  • Tissues were also preserved for histopathology and blood samples were collected for immune studies. (vin.com)
  • Moreover, a significant loss of Mrp2 protein in the membrane fraction of rat cryopreserved hepatocytes was observed. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Activation of the MAPK signaling pathway was observed in epilepsy rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • By using our newly developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification method, we were able to measure the absolute amount of MRP2/Mrp2 in liver tissues and isolated hepatocytes across species. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The amount of Mrp2 in rat liver was approximately 10-fold higher than that in other species. (aspetjournals.org)
  • A third hantavirus was isolated from the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) after antibodies and RT-PCR had identified a target rodent species. (cdc.gov)
  • Freshly isolated hepatocytes conserved MRP2/Mrp2 protein levels that are comparable with those in the liver tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Levels of Helper T lymphocytes and serum anti-inflammatory cytokines involving IL-37 and IL-38 were all elevated, and the depressive behaviors of HFD+UCMS rats were attenuated by GBE. (hindawi.com)
  • Cabergoline decreased serum prolactin levels in reserpinized rats. (drugs.com)
  • Oil Red staining was carried out to evaluate the lipid deposits in the rats' aortic arteries. (hindawi.com)
  • Microarray analysis was performed to screen aberrantly expressed mRNAs and activated signaling pathways between epileptic rats and normal controls. (frontiersin.org)