NeuronsCells, CulturedNeurons, AfferentCerebral CortexRats, Sprague-DawleyMotor NeuronsHippocampusPatch-Clamp TechniquesElectrophysiologyRats, WistarNeuroprotective AgentsMembrane PotentialsNerve Tissue ProteinsAnimals, NewbornBrainReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateAction PotentialsDopaminergic NeuronsGABAergic NeuronsSynapsesGanglia, SpinalAxonsSynaptic TransmissionDendritesSensory Receptor CellsOlfactory Receptor NeuronsElectric StimulationCholinergic NeuronsSpinal Cordgamma-Aminobutyric AcidNeural InhibitionNeurons, EfferentMotor Neuron DiseaseModels, NeurologicalPyramidal CellsImmunohistochemistryMedulla OblongataDopamineExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsInterneuronsMesencephalonNeuropeptidesSerotonergic NeuronsCatsGlutamic AcidTime FactorsTetrodotoxinBrain StemTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseGanglia, InvertebrateNerve NetAfferent PathwaysMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicNeuritesNitrergic NeuronsAdrenergic NeuronsCell CountGangliaCalciumNeurogenesisNeuronal PlasticitySubstantia NigraNeurogliaGanglia, SympatheticThalamusCerebellumEvoked PotentialsPhysical StimulationNerve DegenerationNerve Growth FactorsNociceptorsBehavior, AnimalGreen Fluorescent ProteinsProsencephalonSerotoninCholine O-AcetyltransferaseNeocortexSuperior Cervical GanglionGABA AntagonistsAplysiaMacaca mulattaCorpus StriatumExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsNodose GanglionMice, KnockoutN-MethylaspartateReaction TimeVestibular NucleiStilbamidinesMicroelectrodesPresynaptic TerminalsVisual CortexNeurotransmitter AgentsRaphe NucleiPosterior Horn CellsRetinal NeuronsSignal TransductionPhotic StimulationAstrocytes