Rate of glucose glucose transporter type 5. Medical search. Frequent questions

The two ways in which glucose uptake can take place are facilitated diffusion (a passive process) and secondary active transport (an active process which on the ion-gradient which is established through the hydrolysis of ATP, known as primary active transport). (wikipedia.org)
GLUT1 and GLUT3 are located in the plasma membrane of cells throughout the body, as they are responsible for maintaining a basal rate of glucose uptake. (wikipedia.org)
therefore GLUT1 and GLUT3 have a high affinity for glucose and uptake from the bloodstream is constant. (wikipedia.org)
As muscle is a principal storage site for glucose and adipose tissue for triglyceride (into which glucose can be converted for storage), GLUT4 is important in post-prandial uptake of excess glucose from the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
Upon reaching the plasmalemma, the vesicles fuse with the membrane, increasing the number of GLUT4 transporters expressed at the cell surface, and hence increasing glucose uptake. (wikipedia.org)
The actions of the proteins that control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc, the zinc transporters, are under intense investigation due to their emerging role in type 2 diabetes. (hindawi.com)
Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
This observation resulted in the development of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) to detect glucose uptake and lactate production for tumor imaging. (hindawi.com)
A high uptake of [ 18 F]FDG expressed as SUV is linked to an aggressive HNSCC phenotype: the rate of apoptosis is low and the expressions of p53 and VEGF are high. (biomedcentral.com)
The spontaneous contraction of myotubes was investigated via the regulation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), which is involved in stimulating glucose uptake during cellular contraction. (elsevierpure.com)
Narrow patterns demonstrated enhanced glucose uptake rate and generated a fast-twitch muscle fiber type, whereas the slow-twitch muscle fiber type was dominant on wider patterns. (elsevierpure.com)
Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)

The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of dietary fibre as modulator of the relationship between glucose metabolism and microbiota composition in humans. (springer.com)
More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. (springer.com)
Indeed, it may influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health, i.e. synthesis of micronutrients, defence against pathogens, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune function [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
Therefore, in this review, we summarized current evidence from observational and intervention studies performed in humans investigating the relationship between the composition of the gut microbiota, concentration of SCFA and glucose metabolism. (springer.com)
Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)
which, when activated, stimulate expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis, specifically the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids (Blaschke et al. (bodybuilding.com)
pink mitochondrial OXPHOS) - Glucose metabolism in mitochondria . (elifesciences.org)
This altered glucose metabolism state is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM (Figure 1), although other parameters including excess adiposity, inflammation and dyslipidemia are risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, loss of pancreatic function, worsening of hyperglycemia and progression to diabetes (1). (ddw-online.com)
In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we examined AA effects on metabolism in wild-type (WT) mice and GLUT10 G128E mice fed with a normal diet (CD) or HFD, as we previously showed that GLUT10 G128E mice are highly sensitive to HFD-induced T2DM 9 . (researchsquare.com)
Based on chemical composition, cholesterol gallstone counts of 80-90% gallstone cases [ 2 , 3 ] that appears due to imbalanced hepatic cholesterol metabolism associated with metabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and high caloric intake. (ijbs.com)
Glucose-6-phosphate is an intermediate in glycogen synthesis and glucose metabolism. (medscape.com)
With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)

On the other hand, several studies suggested that diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity thus modulating the risk of metabolic disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
In particular, animal studies support a causal role between the composition of the gut microbiota and development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). (springer.com)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that is largely associated with increased rates of obesity and reduced physical activity [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, much subsequent research in this area was focused on the role of pulmonary SGLT transport as a modifier of lung liquid volume [ 3 , 4 ], and the effects of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport [ 1 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Mutation in ZnT8 has been associated with type 2 diabetes. (scirp.org)
In type 1 diabetes, there is a lack of insulin production, in type 2 diabetes, resistance of the effect of insulin is predominant. (scirp.org)
The role of zinc deficiency which could at least potentially exacerbate the cytokinine-induced damage in autoimmune attack which destroys the islet cell in type 1 diabetes is still not clear. (scirp.org)
It has been shown that there appears to be a complex interrelationship between zinc and type 1 and 2 diabetes. (scirp.org)
SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus currently in phase III studies. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for developing both microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease). (bjcardio.co.uk)
7 The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, in combination with limitations of current therapies, has led to the search for newer alternatives. (bjcardio.co.uk)
SGLT2 inhibitors represent a novel 'glucuretic' therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and are currently in phase III trials. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of the cases of diabetes. (ddw-online.com)
Type 2 diabetics, but also prediabetics, are at increased risk for a wide range of debilitating diseases and diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of kidney failure and blindness and of nontraumatic lower limb amputation. (ddw-online.com)
Despite beneficial effects of current glucose-lowering treatments, disease-related morbidity and mortality remain considerable in T2DM patients, galvanising the search for innovative medications that target the multiple metabolic abnormalities as well as inflammatory processes and other pathways predisposing to diabetes-associated disorders. (ddw-online.com)
Currently conducting research on sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and adverse event identification and mitigation, continuous glucose monitoring in primary care, and on clinical outcomes related to the management of patients with diabetes and heart failure. (midwestern.edu)
Van Dril E, Allison M, Schumacher C. Deprescribing in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Recommendations for safe and effective initiation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients on insulin therapy. (midwestern.edu)
Schumacher C. A Misdiagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Improve Patient-Centered Care. (midwestern.edu)
The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly influenced by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors. (researchsquare.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major medical problem worldwide, and its development is highly affected by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors 1 . (researchsquare.com)
b) latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA), usually occurring in men over 40 years of age, in whom a progressive autoimmune process destroys the beta cells of pancreas, which is similar to type 1 DM. (escardio.org)
Another type of diabetes that is similar to type 2 DM, but developing at a younger age, is called maturity onset DM (MODY) [1]. (escardio.org)
Diabetes is equally prevalent in both men and women, with those aged from 75 to 79 years of age having the highest rates of the disease [3]. (escardio.org)
Based on evidence that the efficacy of treatments is similar across drug classes, CDEC identified the values of safety and the efficient use of health care resources as particularly important in making its recommendation for a second-line agent for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes. (cadth.ca)
What is/are the preferred second-line agent(s) to consider for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control on metformin monotherapy? (cadth.ca)
For patients with type 2 diabetes and without established cardiovascular disease, CDEC recommends that a sulfonylurea be added to metformin for adults inadequately controlled on metformin alone. (cadth.ca)
SE50/110 is the wild type of industrial production strains of the fine-chemical acarbose (acarviosyl-maltose), which is used as α-glucosidase inhibitor in the treatment of type II diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
It is divided into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which account for 5-10% and 90-95% of DM cases resepectively. (xiahepublishing.com)
In type 2 diabetes (late stage), beta cells fail to secrete insulin for maintaining the blood glucose level, owing to insulin resistance and genetic defect. (medscape.com)
Context The agreement between glucose-based and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)-based American Diabetes Association criteria in the diagnosis of normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or diabetes is under scrutiny. (medscape.com)
Participants All 854 participants without known diabetes had both oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c measurements on the same day of the 2008 phase. (medscape.com)
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing at alarming rates worldwide. (medscape.com)
The diagnosis of T2D by using fasting glucose and/or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is endorsed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization. (medscape.com)
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are treated with insulin and also benefit from diet and exercise. (msdmanuals.com)
The anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody teplizumab can delay progression to symptomatic type 1 diabetes in patients who are presymptomatic and have mild glucose elevations and autoantibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are often initially treated with only diet and exercise. (msdmanuals.com)
Insulin is also used in the management of many patients with type 2 diabetes. (msdmanuals.com)
Insulin replacement in type 1 diabetes should ideally mimic beta-cell function to provide basal and prandial requirements (physiologic replacement or basal-bolus dosing). (msdmanuals.com)

By stimulating the expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, HIF-1 promotes glycolysis to generate more pyruvate [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition to elevated glycolysis, tumors often show an increased expression of glucose transporters and/or hexokinase activity in comparison to normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

Running parallel to glycolysis, the PPP branches off at glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) generating NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate (R5P). (elifesciences.org)

The small intestine converts dietary fructose into glucose and organic acids. (nature.com)
Its use as a therapeutic target is limited by side effects from malabsorption of glucose and galactose in the small intestine. (bjcardio.co.uk)

close to the glomerulus, where glucose levels are high, SGLT2 has a low affinity yet high capacity for glucose transport. (wikipedia.org)
Approximately 10% of renal glucose re-absorption occurs via SGLT1, and the remaining 90% occurs via SGLT2, which is found in the early proximal tubule. (bjcardio.co.uk)
SGLT2, a high-capacity, low-affinity transporter of glucose and sodium is found in high concentration at the brush border membrane of the S1 and S2 segment of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). (bjcardio.co.uk)
SGLT2 binds to sodium and glucose in the filtrate and these compounds are translocated across the apical cell membrane, an active process driven by the electrochemical sodium gradient between tubular filtrate and the cell. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Of these, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists represent novel pharmacological agents that are included in the pharmacotherapy of patients with preserved or reduced systolic left ventricular function in heart failure, arterial hypertension, as well as in patients who are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. (escardio.org)
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are agents that reduce the level of blood glucose in these patients. (escardio.org)
In the clinical trials conducted thus far, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was shown to improve the quality of life of patients with type 2 DM, have benefit in treatment of HF, either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction of the left ventricle. (escardio.org)
SGLT2=sodium-glucose co-transporter-2. (medscape.com)

5,6 Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are well tolerated, but are merely weight neutral. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Van Dril E, Schumacher C. Considerations for best practices related to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and serum potassium levels. (midwestern.edu)

Zinc has "mimetic" activity where it is involved in a range of functions including insulin receptor signal transduction, insulin storage, secretion and tissues/organelle distribution, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
The glucose/fructose:H+ symporter, STP13 (sugar transport protein 13). (lbl.gov)
Further works by [8] have established the fact that Zn transporter (ZnT8) is a key protein for the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic Beta-cells. (scirp.org)
However, glucose transporter expression in the endometrium, and also glucose and protein concentration in ULF was influenced by preovulatory estradiol concentrations and conceptus presence. (usda.gov)
in an operon with an upstream PurR/LacI-type transcriptional regulator gene, named amlR ( ACSP50_2475 ), and a gene downstream ( ACSP50_2473 ) encoding a GGDEF-EAL-domain-containing protein putatively involved in c-di-GMP signaling. (frontiersin.org)
GSD type 1b is a similar condition with a defective G-6-P transporter protein. (medscape.com)
The G-6-P transporter protein is found in the liver and kidney. (medscape.com)

In insulin-dependent peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver, zinc ions play a role in insulin-induced glucose transport and glycemic control [ 9 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
DM develops due to either a lack of insulin production (type 1 DM), as a result of destroyed beta cells of pancreas due to an autoimmune reaction, or resistance to insulin (type 2 DM), where insulin is being produced at least in the early stages of disease because beta cells are still present, but tissues do not respond to insulin [1]. (escardio.org)

Recent studies have highlighted zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
Understanding of mechanisms underlying lung glucose homeostasis could identify new therapeutic targets for control of ASL glucose and prevention and treatment of lung infection. (ersjournals.com)
In recent years, studies have suggested that antidiabetic medications may grant renoprotection through a mechanism other than affecting glucose homeostasis [1,2]. (escardio.org)
In addition, insulin is the most important factor in the regulation of plasma glucose homeostasis, as it counteracts glucagon and other catabolic hormones-epinephrine, glucocorticoid, and growth hormone. (medscape.com)

The synthesis, secretion, and action of insulin are dependent on zinc and the transporters that make this ion available to cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
GLP-1 is an intestinally-derived peptide that stimulates insulin secretion in response to food intake, as well as reducing the rate of gastric emptying, thus promoting satiety and weight loss. (ddw-online.com)
ABCG5 and ABCG8 are two heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters on hepatic canalicular membrane and are major contributors of hepatocytes cholesterol secretion into bile [ 4 ], as evidenced by approximately 75% reduced biliary cholesterol secretion rate in Abcg5 and/or Abcg8 KO mice [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
Other than ABCG5/8, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), coding by Scarb1 in mice, has also been identified for efficient conduction of biliary cholesterol secretion in physical condition [ 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
Adenovirus-mediated hepatic overexpression of SR-BI has preferentially increased its canalicular membranes distribution and resulted in accelerated biliary cholesterol secretion rate in wild type (WT) or Abcg5 KO mice [ 8 ]. (ijbs.com)
In contrary, Scarb1 KO or Scarb1/Abcg 5 double KO mice exhibited reduced biliary cholesterol secretion [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)

Short lifetimes (orange) indicate NADH production and therefore glucose flux through the main glycolytic pathway. (elifesciences.org)
Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
These processes vary between species but universally maintain ASL glucose at 3-20-fold lower concentrations than plasma. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are increased in respiratory disease and by hyperglycaemia. (ersjournals.com)
This is in contrast to conditions in the gut and kidney, where luminal glucose concentrations regularly exceed plasma glucose concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
1 mM in nasal ASL [ 8 ] and mean± sd 0.4±0.2 mM in the lower respiratory tract, 12.5 times lower than plasma concentrations, which are normally maintained at ∼5 mM [ 9 ]. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
Using serum samples of diabetic patients whose glucose concentrations were above the threshold (10.0 mmol/l), spectroscopic methods were used to determine the concentration of glucose and zinc. (scirp.org)
Furthermore, cattle with elevated preovulatory estradiol (HighE2) concentrations prior to fixed time AI had greater conception rates and pregnancy maintenance compared to cattle that did not experience a rise in estradiol (LowE2). (usda.gov)
But following a fixed-time AI protocol, there were no differences in conceptus survival based on recovery rates, IFNT concentrations, and apoptosis of the trophectoderm on d 16 after AI between HighE2 and LowE2 animals. (usda.gov)
Physicians now recognize that zinc supplementation can reduce the incidence and severity of diarrheal disease, and an ORS of reduced osmolarity (i.e., proportionally reduced concentrations of sodium and glucose) has been developed for global use. (cdc.gov)

Glucose diffuses into ASL via paracellular pathways at a rate determined by paracellular permeability and the transepithelial glucose gradient. (ersjournals.com)
Pathways of glucose catabolism regulating cellular NADPH/NADH. (elifesciences.org)
Different pathways of glucose flux can be targeted for pharmacological intervention. (elifesciences.org)
High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
Moreover, absence seizures result principally from disruptions in thalamocortical pathways involving T-type calcium channels and antiepileptic drugs effective against absence seizures among other mechanisms, exert their effect principally at these channels [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)

GLUT4 transporters are insulin sensitive, and are found in muscle and adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)

For diverse bacteria and archaea that can utilize a carbon source, there is a complete high-confidence catabolic pathway (including a transporter) just 38% of the time, and there is a complete medium-confidence pathway 63% of the time. (lbl.gov)
green pentose phosphate pathway) - Cytosolic glucose flux into the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). (elifesciences.org)
HighE2 animals had faster follicular growth rates and upregulation of the entire steroidogenic pathway compared to LowE2 animals. (usda.gov)

During fasting, some GLUT4 transporters will be expressed at the surface of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Previous kinetic analyses in adipocytes has revealed that this is regulated by two mechanisms - increasing the amount of GLUT4 in the endosomal recycling system and increasing the exocytosis rate constant. (bath.ac.uk)
Insulin had a modest effect to increase the amount of GLUT4 in the recycling system with the dominant effect being on reduction of the endocytosis rate constant. (bath.ac.uk)

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of glucose (Glu), fructose (Fru), glucose and fructose (GluFru) and sucralose on blood glucose response in healthy individuals. (mdpi.com)
The fructose/xylose:H+ symporter, PMT1 (polyol monosaccharide transporter-1). (lbl.gov)

[5] The eukaryote Monocercomonoides is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, [6] and the multicellular organism Henneguya salminicola is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)
Following its conversion from glucose during glycolysis, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (elifesciences.org)

Elevated ASL glucose in intensive care patients was associated with increased Staphylococcus aureus infection. (ersjournals.com)
2-4 Guidelines recommend a target glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) of 7% or less, but a large number of patients fail to meet this target and, as of yet, no ideal pharmacological blood glucose-lowering agent exists. (bjcardio.co.uk)
However, the recent ACCORD and ADVANCE trials in patients with longstanding T2DM have shown that aggressive glucose control in such patients has no clear benefits, or may even increase CVD events (3). (ddw-online.com)
All patients with a strong (rating 2) CD45+ intratumoral infiltrate in primary tumor were suffering from ascites (= 0.006). (tech-strategy.org)
The typical age of onset is between 6 to 7 years but it can also be observed between 4 to 10 years of age in patients with a normal psychomotor development and without a particular personal or family history for neurologic diseases [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Overall, patients with DM have a poorer long-term prognosis after a previous heart attack, including an increased rate of reinfarction, HF and death [1,2,4]. (escardio.org)
Despite the prevalence of type 2 DM, there are few effective long-term treatments for the patients. (escardio.org)
4. Patients having impaired renal function (estimated Glomerular Filtration rate of 5. (who.int)
Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning has demonstrated increased flow in the right parahippocampal region and reduced serotonin type 1A receptor binding in the anterior and posterior cingulate and raphe of patients with panic disorder. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] MRI has demonstrated smaller temporal lobe volume despite normal hippocampal volume in these patients. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Moreover, a variant of the SLC16A11 gene, a recently explored member of a lipid transporter family, was found more frequently in diabetic patients of Mexican origin. (medscape.com)
In a 2-year study of 7 patients with GSD type Ib, Melis et al examined whether the administration of vitamin E could improve or prevent the clinical manifestations of neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction. (medscape.com)

GLUT2 in contrast has a high Km value (15-20mM) and therefore a low affinity for glucose. (wikipedia.org)
Once inside the epithelial cells, glucose reenters the bloodstream through facilitated diffusion through GLUT2 transporters. (wikipedia.org)
Glucose is then transported passively by GLUT2 along its concentration gradient into the interstitium. (bjcardio.co.uk)
The second stage of re-absorption is the transport of glucose through the utilisation of GLUT2 transporters in the basolateral membrane. (bjcardio.co.uk)

In this process, one molecule of glucose is anaerobically converted into two molecules of pyruvate to yield two molecules of ATP. (elifesciences.org)

We show that MKP-1-deficient mice/ macrophages exhibit, at baseline, higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation, TFAM, PGC-1a, and NRF-1 associated with increased respiration and production of reactive oxygen species as compared with wild-type mice. (cmich.edu)

1995). "Human and rat beta cells differ in glucose transporter but not in glucokinase gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
We have previously showed that genetic polymorphisms in glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) gene are associated with a T2DM intermediate phenotype in non-diabetic population, and GLUT10 G128E mice (carrying human orthologous GLUT10 G128E variant) are highly sensitive to HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation. (researchsquare.com)
A heterozygous mutation in the ABCC gene (Ala1516Glyfs*19) frameshift type inherited from the father was identified, which supported this diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
Neither a gene encoding a maltose phosphorylase (MalP) nor MalP enzyme activity were detected in the wild type. (frontiersin.org)
GSD type Ib differs from GSD type Ia in that it is not explained by mutations of the phosphohydrolase gene. (medscape.com)
Veiga-da-Cuhna and colleagues provide evidence that all non-1a cases can be explained by mutations of the glucose-6-phosphate translocase gene. (medscape.com)

Basal blood glucose level is approximately 5mM (5 millimolar). (wikipedia.org)
rate of glucose entry is proportional to blood glucose levels. (wikipedia.org)
They inhibit glucose re-absorption in the proximal renal tubules providing an insulin independent mechanism to lower blood glucose. (bjcardio.co.uk)
P rediabetes is presently defined as moderately elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG), and is estimated to affect 79 million adult Americans, or 35% of the adult population. (ddw-online.com)
Blood flow data on human tumors in situ are scarce, but the few existing studies indicate that the blood flow varies significantly depending upon tumor type, size and site of growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and smoking, were studied as well as degree of blood glucose control. (who.int)
We aim in our work to study the prevalence risk factors and degree of blood glucose of CVD risk factors in diabetics in two dif- control. (who.int)

These enzymes normally catalyze reactions that ultimately convert glycogen compounds to glucose. (medscape.com)

yellow glycolysis) - Cytosolic glucose flux via the main branch of glycolysis. (elifesciences.org)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
In addition to the fact that hypoxia upregulates glycolysis, classical biochemical studies have shown high rates of glycolysis in cancer cells, independent of the presence of oxygen (Warburg's effect) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The molecular mechanisms leading to the upregulation of glycolysis in tumors are still not well understood [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

For over 50 years, glucose has been recognised to cross the lung epithelial barrier and be transported by lung epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with 16.6±0.4 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, ASL glucose was 2.2±0.5 mM [ 11 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Proposed gradient in cellular NADPH/NADH and thus glucose flux along the developing BP. (elifesciences.org)

we were unable to ascertain the glycemic status in 5 and vital status in 23. (medscape.com)

Compared to NFs, CAFs possess numerous types of potential genetic alterations and epigenetic changes. (spandidos-publications.com)

Current widespread treatments for T2DM include metformin (suppressor of hepatic glucose production), sulfonylureas (insulin secretagogues), and the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone (PPAR agonist). (ddw-online.com)

Close to the loop of Henle and in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron where much glucose has been reabsorbed into the bloodstream, SGLT1 transporters are found. (wikipedia.org)

0.01 mM and plasma glucose 0.19 mM [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)

As the cotransport of glucose with sodium from the lumen does not directly require ATP hydrolysis but depends upon the action of the ATPase, this is described as secondary active transport. (wikipedia.org)
In the distal lung, glucose transport via sodium-coupled glucose transporters predominates. (ersjournals.com)
Almost all of this is re-absorbed into the circulation via sodium glucose co-transporters (SGLTs). (bjcardio.co.uk)
SGLTs transport sodium and glucose into cells using the sodium gradient created by sodium/potassium ATPase pumps at the basolateral cell membranes. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Schumacher C. Severe hypotension with concomitant sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor therapy in a patient with heart failure reduced ejection fraction: a case report. (midwestern.edu)
Depuis 2013, plusieurs nouveaux médicaments et classes de médicaments, dont les inhibiteurs du cotransporteur sodium-glucose de type 2 (SGLT-2) ont fait leur apparition sur le marché canadien. (cadth.ca)
SGLT-2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter-2. (cadth.ca)

Both types have the same long-term complications. (scirp.org)
In youth-onset type 2 DM, complications appear early and develop rapidly [1,2]. (escardio.org)

Although AmlR apparently is a local transcriptional regulator of the aml operon, the Δ amlR strain shows severe growth inhibitions on glucose and - concomitantly - differential transcription of several genes of various functional classes. (frontiersin.org)
Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

These work independently of insulin to prevent glucose re-absorption from the glomerular filtrate resulting in a reduced renal threshold for glucose, glycosuria and net calorie loss ( figure 1 ). (bjcardio.co.uk)

Because skeletal muscle is the major site of insulin-mediated glucose utilization (up to 80% in the postprandial state), losses in skeletal muscle mass may lead to metabolic impairments [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However, in the kidney, glucose is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the tubule lumen, where it is at a relatively low concentration, passes through the simple cuboidal epithelia lining the kidney tubule, and into the bloodstream where glucose is at a comparatively high concentration. (wikipedia.org)
Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)
Under normal physiological conditions, approximately 180 g of glucose is filtered by the kidney daily. (bjcardio.co.uk)

Overweight and obese adults have about 5 times higher odds of having ation in the magnitude or direction of outcome, indicating the lack metabolic syndrome than adults with normal or low body weight. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, the concentration gradient of glucose opposes its reabsorption, and energy is required for its transport. (wikipedia.org)
Na+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient into the columnar epithelia, co-transporting glucose. (wikipedia.org)

Although at least 14 unique GSDs are discussed in the literature, the 4 that cause clinically significant muscle weakness are Pompe disease ( GSD type II , acid maltase deficiency), Cori disease ( GSD type III , debranching enzyme deficiency), McArdle disease ( GSD type V , myophosphorylase deficiency), and Tarui disease ( GSD type VII , phosphofructokinase deficiency). (medscape.com)
Glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P) is the specific enzyme deficiency in Von Gierke disease. (medscape.com)
The lac operon of E. coli is but one example of how enzyme and transporter production can be made conditional on the presence of a nutrient to catabolize. (lu.se)

This study investigated the relationship of zinc and glucose in diabetics. (scirp.org)
9%), type and duration of DM were also diabetics and non-diabetics [ 6-10 ]. (who.int)

Immunotherapy was shown to significantly increase the rate of the abscopal effect and prolong patient survival. (nature.com)
This is ``survival of the flattest'' [5] at work. (lu.se)

Glutamate accumulation caused slow depolarizations of the postsynaptic membrane potentials, and thereby substantially increased calyx firing rates. (jneurosci.org)

A considerable heterogeneity of flow rates can even be observed in tumors with identical histological classifications [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Interactions between the Gilbert genotype and hemolytic anemias such as glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis, or ABO hemolytic disease also appear to increase the risk of severe neonatal jaundice. (medscape.com)
Objective To expand the spectrum of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndromes with a novel clinical and radiological phenotype not associated with microcephaly. (jamanetwork.com)
One form, Von Gierke disease ( GSD type Ia , glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency ), causes clinically significant end-organ disease with significant morbidity. (medscape.com)

4 According to the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumors can be divided into three phenotypes: immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert types. (nature.com)

Alternatively, such findings may simply reflect the limitations of current anti-diabetic therapies, due to off-target effects that counter the potential benefits of glucose lowering. (ddw-online.com)

These studies indicate that different cell types are capable of achieving the same cell biological endpoint but using completely distinct mechanisms. (bath.ac.uk)

Anatomy9

Organisms3

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs57

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes10

Information Science2

Uptake15

Metabolism15

Diabetes38

Expression of glucose transporters2

Ribose 5-phospha1

Small intestine2

SGLT28

Inhibitors2

Protein7

Tissues2

Homeostasis4

Secretion6

Glycolytic2

Concentrations11

Pathways6

Muscle and adipose tissue1

Pathway3

GLUT43

Fructose2

Mitochondrial2

Patients12

GLUT24

Pyruvate1

Reactive oxygen1

Gene6

Blood7

Enzymes1

Glycolysis4

Epithelial cells2

NADPH1

Glycemic1

Genetic1

Hepatic1

SGLT11

Plasma glucose1

Sodium7

Complications2

Genes2

Renal1

Skeletal muscle1

Kidney3

Adults1

Concentration gradient2

Enzyme3

Diabetics2

Survival2

Membrane1

Heterogeneity1

Deficiency3

Tumors1

Diabetic1

Mechanisms1