• Although the exact cause is unknown, encephaloceles are caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 2 ] Pregnant women exposed to Zika virus are at risk for significant fetal brain malformation including encephalocele. (medscape.com)
  • Sagittal ultrasonogram through the fetal skull shows a small occipital encephalocele. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis may be made on fetal ultrasonography showing occipital encephalocele and dysplastic kidneys. (orpha.net)
  • Although prenatal diagnosis of fetal encephalocele and its associated anomalies has been achieved by using computed tomography (CT) scans, the use of radiation for diagnosis in fetuses is discouraged, particularly in the first 2 trimesters. (medscape.com)
  • Encephalocele is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • Encephaloceles cause a groove down the middle of the skull, or between the forehead and nose, or on the back side of the skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the neural tube does not fully develop in the brain, anencephaly (part of the brain and skull are not formed) or encephalocele (out pouching at the skull) occurs. (christopherreeve.org)
  • Cranial defects that are associated with encephaloceles usually occur in the midline of the skull and appear anywhere from the base of the nose to the base of the occipital bone. (medscape.com)
  • One month after completing adjuvant chemotherapy, the patient developed a nasal encephalocele, bilateral maxillary sinusitis, and frontal lobe radiation necrosis resulting in herniation of the left frontal lobe into the nasal cavity, for which maxillary antrostomy, nasal endoscopy with resection of nasal encephalocele, and reconstruction of the anterior skull base were performed. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • the most common location for encephaloceles is the occipital region. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is a case report regarding a 2051-gram female newborn affected by right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) presenting with encephalocele in the occipital region. (ac.ir)
  • Rarely, people with Dandy-Walker malformation have no health problems related to the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cranial defects occurring in association with encephaloceles (see the image below) have a nonspecific appearance. (medscape.com)
  • Orbital roof fractures associated with cranial and maxillofacial trauma are rarely encountered. (ktu.edu.tr)
  • Usually encephaloceles are noticeable deformities and are diagnosed immediately after birth, but a small encephalocele in the nasal or forehead region can go undetected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Encephalocele represents one end of the spectrum of open neural tube diagnoses. (medscape.com)
  • Encephaloceles are more common in individuals who have a family history of neural tube defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly . (medscape.com)
  • Rarely, a part of the neural tube does not fully fold and close which is called a neural tube defect. (christopherreeve.org)
  • Are encephaloceles neural tube defects? (ac.ir)
  • Research shows that taking folic acid before you get pregnant may help prevent birth defects including serious neural tube defects such as spina bifida, encephalocele (rarely), and anencephaly. (dietbab.com)
  • citation needed] Occipital encephaloceles are frequently accompanied by hydrocephalus, as seen in 60-90% of patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, polydactyly and hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome: a new case with occipital encephalocele and cleft palate: The megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, polydactyly, and hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome is quite rarely seen. (yyu.edu.tr)
  • Esophageal atresia is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Neurofibromatosis type 1 is commonly combined with various types of malformations, which include hemimegalencephaly, cerebellar leptomeningeal heterotopias, transmantal cortical dysplasia, periventricular band heterotopias, pachygyria, occipital encephalocele and unilateral as well as bilateral polymicrogyria. (j-epilepsy.org)
  • Other malformations and/or chromosomal anomalies are noted in at least 60% of patients with encephalocele. (medscape.com)
  • In cases of achondrogenesis, cardiac anomalies are seen rarely in comparison with other skeletal disorders. (radiologykey.com)
  • We report a case of intraorbital encephalocele developing in the early posttraumatic period (2 days) in a child patient and the long-term results of titanium mesh used for the reconstruction of the orbital roof. (ktu.edu.tr)
  • Ultrasonograms show oligohydramnios-enlarged echogenic kidneys (left) and a fairly large occipital encephalocele containing brain tissue (right). (medscape.com)
  • Encephalocele, cystic kidneys and polydactyly may be detected. (orpha.net)
  • Research has indicated that teratogens (substances known to cause birth defects), trypan blue (a stain used to color dead tissues or cells blue), and arsenic may damage the developing fetus and cause encephaloceles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monochorionic twins with one normal fetus (pump twin) and another with no cardiac acitivity (rarely, a rudimentary heart may show slow pulsations) and variable degrees of deficient development of the head and upper limbs and hydrops (recipient twin). (fetalmedicine.org)
  • The CDH is an abnormality that rarely occurs with an approximate ratio of one in 3000 live births. (ac.ir)
  • Ventriculomegaly occurs rarely (2.3%) before or after birth. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] With US scanning, the diagnosis is based on the herniation of a spherical, fluid-filled structure, more correctly diagnosed as a meningocele or brain parenchyma (encephalocele) beyond the calvarial confines. (medscape.com)
  • Both environmental and genetic factors have been seen to contribute to the cause of encephaloceles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Encephaloceles are often accompanied by craniofacial abnormalities or other brain malformations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recovery is difficult to predict prior to surgery, and depends on the type of brain tissue involved and location of the encephaloceles. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1989). Those with a more severe phenotype characterized as Walker-Warburg syndrome often die within the first year of life, whereas those characterized as having muscle-eye-brain disease may rarely acquire the ability to walk and to speak a few words. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Unlike other tumors, brain tumors spread by local extension and rarely metastasize (spread) outside the brain. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • They may spread throughout the brain, but rarely metastasize to other parts of the body. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
  • According to a study of 57 patients with suspected temporal bone encephalocele, CT scans were less sensitive than MRI. (medscape.com)
  • Neonate with encephalocele 1-year-old with encephalocele and possible microcephaly, 1928 Since its earliest cited case in the 16th century, many generations of scientists have attempted to explain the cause. (wikipedia.org)
  • This case report aimed to mention encephalocele as another complication, which has not been reported for the CDH. (ac.ir)
  • Various physical and mental developmental delays can indicate the presence of encephaloceles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of occipital encephalocele, cleft palate, and polyps in the tongue in this patient was not reported previously in the literature. (yyu.edu.tr)
  • however, cerebral angiography is rarely used in the evaluation of an encephalocele. (medscape.com)
  • Water-soluble contrast material that is placed in the theca and that flows into the encephalocele may allow better evaluation of the contents. (medscape.com)
  • Beside the facial dysmorphism and four main features of the MPPH syndrome, the findings on the physical examination of the patient were, hypertonicity, occipital encephalocele, cleft palate, and multiple polyps in the tongue. (yyu.edu.tr)
  • Babies born with spina bifida or encephalocele may face multiple surgeries, paralysis, and long-term disability. (dietbab.com)
  • An increased risk for encephalocele in HIV-infected women taking the antiviral dolutegravir at the time of conception has been reported. (medscape.com)
  • The auras were the most frequently abdominal, but rarely vertiginous or psychic. (j-epilepsy.org)
  • Traumatic intraorbital encephaloceles due to orbital roof fractures developing in the early posttraumatic period are even rarer. (ktu.edu.tr)
  • Radionuclide ventriculography and/or cisternography have been used postnatally to demonstrate the intracranial extension of an encephalocele. (medscape.com)