Rare hereditary degenerative eye disease available eye diseases hereditary. Medical search. Frequent questions

Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. (lookformedical.com)
A new treatment for patients with a form of congenital retinal blindness has shown success in improving vision, according to results published today in Nature Medicine led by researchers at the Scheie Eye Institute in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. (news-medical.net)
A team of seven researchers collaborating from United States and Britain have found a way to use gene therapy to cure a rare form of childhood blindness that occurs due to a genetic predisposition. (news-medical.net)
A panel of advisors to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has voted unanimously in favor of an experimental gene therapy to treat patients with a rare kind of hereditary blindness. (news-medical.net)
Mitochondrial gene mutations can lead to a variety of health problems including muscle weakness, heart disease, and blindness in the case of LHON. (nih.gov)
Of course, the worst case is when there is no more vision at all - total blindness - which is extremely rare. (savir-center.com)
When a visually impaired person reaches adulthood at the age of 18, according to German reimbursement codes, they are only entitled to reimbursement for visual aid devices (e.g., reading devices) if they suffer from a visual impairment or from blindness in both eyes that corresponds to level 1 of the classification recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). (savir-center.com)
Though these genetic eye conditions are rare, they remain one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment in children. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)

Genetic eye disorders can affect various structures of the eye, from the front to the back such as corneal dystrophies, aniridia, congenital glaucoma, pediatric cataracts, retinal dystrophies, and hereditary optic neuropathy. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)

Gradually, researchers realized that both sporadic and hereditary (mostly autosomal dominant) cases comprised this group, and that, broadly speaking, these cases all had similar neuropathologic features that are described later in this article. (medscape.com)
Best disease, also termed vitelliform macular dystrophy, is typically an autosomal dominant disorder, which classically presents in childhood with the striking appearance of a yellow or orange yolklike lesion in the macula. (medscape.com)

Fundación Mexicana de Atrofia Girata A.C., will be hosting the first event for patients with degenerative and hereditary diseases of the retina. (atrofiagiratafundacion.com)

Scientists at Oregon Health & Science University's Casey Eye Institute and Baylor College of Medicine's Cullen Eye Institute published findings from a two-year Phase I clinical trial in the journal Ophthalmology, which showed that children had the greatest benefit from gene therapy for treatment of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) or severe early childhood onset retinal degeneration (SECORD). (news-medical.net)
Von Willebrand disease - congenital disorders of hemostasis, which manifests itself quantitative and qualitative shortage of plasma von Willebrand factor and bleeding disorders. (medicalformat.com)
Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital condition in which there is a lack of development of nerve cells in the enteric (intestinal) nervous system. (thedysautonomiaproject.org)
A congenital myopathy is a muscle disease that is present at birth. (nicklauschildrens.org)

BACKGROUND: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a kind of inherited retinal degenerative diseases characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors. (bvsalud.org)

Ciliopathies are diseases that affect the cilia, sensory organelles that most mammalian cells possess and which play a critical role in many biological functions. (news-medical.net)
Sometimes FD is referred to as Riley-Day syndrome or type III hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN type III). (thedysautonomiaproject.org)
Because of these features, Andermann syndrome is sometimes referred to as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum (HMSN/ACC). (medlineplus.gov)

Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. (lookformedical.com)
Successful gene therapy is based on the effective delivery and maintained expression of healthy copies of a gene into tissues of individuals with a disease-associated genetic mutation. (news-medical.net)
A rare genetic isolated inherited retinal disorder characterized by primary cone degeneration with significant secondary rod involvement, with a variable fundus appearance. (orpha.net)
In certain circumstances, you may note disease-causing genetic changes. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
There are approximately 5,000 to 8,000 distinct uncommon diseases, most of which have a genetic basis. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
All of which suggests the country is no more ready for the new era of genetic health testing than the thousands of Canadians on whom 23andMe has been dropping eye-opening and, in some cases, heartbreaking information. (macleans.ca)
These are a group of several separate, very rare genetic disorders which have been linked to specific genetic causes. (myositis.org.au)
Menkes disease is a genetic disorder resulting from a mutation in the ATP7A gene. (thedysautonomiaproject.org)
A framework for identifying targets for individualized therapy in genetic disease. (cdc.gov)
Paediatric genetic eye disorders are inherited conditions that passed down from parent to child. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)
Paediatric Genetic Eye Disorders - How to prevent? (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)
Many systemic genetic diseases and syndromes such as Marfan syndrome, neurofibromatosis, mitochondrial disorders, and chromosomal abnormality syndromes (like Down's syndrome) have significant eye involvement too. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)
Diagnosis and management of these genetic eye conditions is usually challenging. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)
Genetic testing can help to reach accurate diagnoses and thus provide information about prognosis, guide interventions for the child, and assist in counseling regarding risk of disease occurrence in subsequent children. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)

Unfortunately, many rare diseases are currently without therapies or treatments due to a severe lack of scientific investigations. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
GenSight Biologics' pipeline leverages two core technology platforms, Mitochondrial Targeting Sequence (MTS) and optogenetics, to help preserve or restore vision in patients suffering from severe degenerative retinal diseases. (healthcap.eu)
The Food and Drug Administration approved a treatment that uses gene therapy to treat severe hemophilia A, a rare and sometimes fatal blood disorder. (cdc.gov)
The new drug, Roctavian, could save people with the severe form of the disease from a lifetime of frequent injections. (cdc.gov)

Parkinsons disease is a progressive degenerative condition of the neurological system. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
Treatment - symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy of the underlying disease, correction of neurological and psychiatric disorders. (medicalformat.com)

GenSight Biologics S.A. is a clinical-stage biotechnology company discovering and developing novel therapies for neurodegenerative retinal diseases and diseases of the central nervous system. (healthcap.eu)
Disease Gallervordena-Spatz - a hereditary neurodegenerative pathology caused by the deposition of iron in the basal ganglia of the brain. (medicalformat.com)

In the United States, it is marketed as Dostinex for the treatment of the rare disorder, hyperprolactinemia, or high levels of the hormone prolactin. (suffernomore.com)
However, it remains unclear whether IBM is a primary, muscle-specific autoimmune disease or if it is a degenerative muscle disorder with an immune-inflammatory response. (myositis.org.au)
Abnormalities in the eye result from a disorder in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (medscape.com)

Doctors might someday use the approach to treat a variety of mitochondrial diseases, including the degenerative eye disease Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). (nih.gov)
People with mitochondrial disease often have both mutant and normal mtDNA within their cells. (nih.gov)
No cures exist for mitochondrial diseases and few effective treatments are available. (nih.gov)
Mitochondrial-targeted TALENS (mitoTALENs) represent the most promising hope for an effective treatment of diseases caused by mutations in mtDNA," said Carlos T. Moraes, Ph.D., a professor of neurology and cell biology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and principal investigator of the study. (nih.gov)
Reducing but not necessarily eliminating all mutant mtDNA from a person's cells would be sufficient to treat many mitochondrial diseases, Moraes said. (nih.gov)
The science in this project advances an imaginative and very clever approach that may one day lead to a therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases," said Houmam Araj, Ph.D., director of the lens/cataract and oculomotor/neuro-ophthalmology programs at the NEI. (nih.gov)
It has been noted that people with IBM are more likely to also have other medical conditions such as lupus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, mitochondrial disease, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, thyroid dysfunction, high blood pressure and diabetes. (myositis.org.au)
If there's a problem with how the mitochondria function, this can be a categorized as a mitochondrial disease. (nicklauschildrens.org)

The fundus appearance is varaible ranging from normal in the early stages, with only subtle temporal optic nerve pallor, macular pigment migration and atrophy or a bull's-eye maculopathy, to peripheral retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, intra retinal pigmentation migration, arteriolar attenuation, and optic disc pallor as disease progresses. (orpha.net)
Fundus examination can be normal at the early stages with only subtle temporal optic disc pallor or may show macular pigment migrations and atrophy or a bull's-eye maculopathy. (orpha.net)

Notwithstanding, IBM is distinct from the Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathies (hIBM). (myositis.org.au)
Myopathies are diseases that impact the muscles. (nicklauschildrens.org)

Ankylosis Spondylitis is defined as a chronic and generally progressive inflammatory arthritic disease affecting the spinal joints and adjacent connective tissues. (ecopolitan.com)

The rare diseases community, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH) , has made numerous efforts and emphasised increasing the number of possible therapies and diagnostics for rare diseases. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
Gene therapies for rare diseases are under threat. (cdc.gov)
Concern is mounting that other gene therapies for rare diseases will meet a similar fate, as might upcoming treatments that rely on the related technique of genome editing, which makes targeted DNA changes. (cdc.gov)
Realising the potential of gene therapies for rare and ultra-rare inherited diseases. (cdc.gov)
However, despite promising results across a range of rare diseases, transformative gene therapies may not be available and accessible to patients for non-medical reasons. (cdc.gov)
Here we highlight some of the challenges of delivering gene therapies in rare diseases and discuss innovative solutions being proposed by the gene therapy community. (cdc.gov)

Differential diagnosis includes other hereditary cone disorders (including achromatopsia and allied cone dysfunction syndromes, cone dystrophy and Stargardt disease) and the rod-cone dystrophy, also known asretinitis pigmentosa, which is distinguished by the sequence of photoreceptor involvement (rod photoreceptors followed by cone photoreceptors). (orpha.net)
The RPE appears to have degenerative changes in some cases, and secondary loss of photoreceptor cells has been noted. (medscape.com)
Fundus examination showed bull's eye pattern, and photoreceptor loss in the foveal region of both eyes was noted on spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The full-field electroretinography (ffERG) revealed a disproportionate increase in scotopic maximal response with implicit time delay, as well as universal cone dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)

Symptoms of LHON include an abrupt loss of central vision at about age 20 in one eye followed shortly thereafter by the other eye. (nih.gov)

MG in a rare chronic autoimmune disease in children of all ages, it is characterized by muscle weakness of varying degree in many different areas of the body, it commonly affects the eyes, mouth, throat, arms and legs. (nicklauschildrens.org)

Most of them are hereditary, with alterations in genes or chromosomes being the leading cause. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
Recent advances in molecular genetics have helped to identify a substantial number of genes associated with eye diseases. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)

Speech becomes much softer and writing becomes more of an effort, with handwriting getting smaller and smaller as the disease progresses. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
As Parkinsons disease progresses , symptoms have a knock-on effect. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
Most meet with some degree of disability as the disease progresses. (myositis.org.au)
This can lead to a number of complications as the disease progresses. (nicklauschildrens.org)

Research suggests that there are both inflammatory and degenerative components of the disease. (myositis.org.au)
An inflammatory myopathy is a disease that is chronic and involves inflammation, muscle weakness and sometimes muscle pain. (nicklauschildrens.org)

His results were now in-Cottee's iPhone had chimed when the notification landed-and he was feeling a mix of excitement and dread: Six years ago, his mother had died at 69 of Alzheimer's disease, and these results would reveal whether Cottee was carrying a mutation of the APOE gene known as the e4 variant, the strongest hereditary risk factor for Alzheimer's. (macleans.ca)

A demyelinating disease is an ailment that causes damage to the protective coating (myelin sheath) that covers nerve fibres in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
The lines of force within the eye resulting from the pull of intrinsic and extrinsic ocular muscles on the relatively fixed site of the optic nerve have been studied. (medscape.com)

Parkinsons can also affect your visual performance, mainly in two parts of your eyes: the tear film and the ocular muscles. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a major enzyme involved in aldehyde detoxification, has been demonstrated to be beneficial for a growing number of human diseases, such as cardiovascular dysfunction, diabetes mellitus and neurodegeneration. (bvsalud.org)

However, despite these efforts, most uncommon diseases still lack appropriate diagnostics and treatments. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
Since when is IROC working in the field of eye laser treatments? (iroc.ch)
From the abstract: 'Rare and ultra-rare diseases have been central to the field of gene therapy since its earliest stage, and we are now witnessing more and more effective treatments entering the clinical realm for patients in need. (cdc.gov)

Pediatric onset of autonomic nervous system disorders is very rare. (thedysautonomiaproject.org)
This article gives a brief description of several rare pediatric autonomic disorders. (thedysautonomiaproject.org)

Angioid streaks in patients with no systemic disease or with rare etiologies tend to present late in life with a mean age of 65.7 years. (medscape.com)

A rare inherited syndrome that includes skeletal problems, rashes, short stature, and an increased risk of developing osteosarcoma. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Due to higher risk of corneal degenerative condition called keratoconus associated with children with Down syndrome, further investigations were carried out. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)
AIDS-like syndrome: AIDS-like disease (illness) (syndrome) ARC AIDS-related complex Pre-AIDS AIDS-related conditions Prodromal-AIDS 3. (cdc.gov)

Patients with Paget disease tend to be older at the time of diagnosis with a mean age of 67 years. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis Bowen's disease is carried out by visual examination and dermoscopy, a biopsy confirmed the results of a neoplasm. (medicalformat.com)
Diagnosis of Wilson's disease include eye examination, biochemical urine and blood samples, MRI or CT of the brain. (medicalformat.com)
The complexity of these diseases along with the various associated syndromes requires a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and management. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)
History, eye examination and further investigations including imaging, visual field testing and electrophysiological tests help to reach diagnosis. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)

Other early symptoms include a lack of facial expression and decreased blinking of the eyes, so it looks like the person is always staring. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
There is currently no cure for the disease itself, but there are options to treat the symptoms of PD. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
Mutant mtDNA typically does not cause signs of disease until it makes up 80 percent or more of the total mtDNA in a cell, which helps explain why age of onset, the constellation of symptoms, and disease severity varies among individuals with the same mutation. (nih.gov)
Symptoms usually start in middle to late life, and it is considered one of the most common muscle diseases diagnosed after the age of 50. (myositis.org.au)
Yeast infections and allergies probably aggravate the disease and cause symptoms to manifest. (hypoallergenicdog.net)
Symptoms vary depending on the type of eye disease. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)
Some of the general symptoms include poor vision, shaky eyes (nystagmus), misalignment of the eyes (squint). (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)

The nature of Parkinsons disease progression means that the condition manifests in a variety of ways, not just in areas of mobility. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
No specific treatment of the disease Besta does not exist, use supportive treatment to slow the progression of disease manifestations. (medicalformat.com)
A hallmark of the disease is a markedly abnormal electro-oculogram (EOG) in all stages of progression and in phenotypically normal carriers. (medscape.com)

More recently researchers have been studying degenerative processes occurring in the muscles of people with IBM. (myositis.org.au)

At the same time, the disease stiffens the muscles of the arms so that when the person is walking there is a noticeable decrease in the swinging of the arms. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
The muscles of the heart, lungs, eyes, gut and bladder are usually not affected by IBM, and neither is the brain or sense of touch. (myositis.org.au)
Hereditary neuropathy is a medical term that refers to a group of different inherited medical conditions that cause progressive loss of function (and sensation) from abnormally working nerves that carry signals from the spinal cord to muscles. (nicklauschildrens.org)

A new study presented at the 121st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) 2017, for the first time found a novel gene therapy that can improve the eyesight of patients with inherited retinal disease. (news-medical.net)
Patients who had lost their sight to an inherited retinal disease could see well enough to navigate a maze after being treated with a new gene therapy, according to research presented today at AAO 2017, the 121st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. (news-medical.net)
Patients with sickle cell disease tend to be in their second and third decades with a mean age of 41.7 years. (medscape.com)
Most patients who wear glasses or contact lenses are suitable candidates for eye laser treatment. (iroc.ch)
Working meeting between Dr. César Cruz and members of the National Alliance for Rare Diseases, where topics that will improve the care of patients with rare diseases in our country were discussed. (atrofiagiratafundacion.com)

As in this case, screening of associated eye conditions in different syndromes and systemic conditions help in early detection and management of these conditions. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)

The growing focus on rare diseases gives hope to the millions of people who suffer from them. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
And people who suffer from the same eye disease may have the same objectively measured visual abilities yet feel significantly different as far as how they perceive things subjectively and how they respond to the loss emotionally. (savir-center.com)

Behcet's disease - a disease of the group of systemic vasculitis with a lesion of the small and medium-sized arteries and veins, recurrent erosive ulcerations of the mouth, genitals, eyes, skin, the involvement of internal organs and joints. (medicalformat.com)

In the treatment of Bowen's disease applied cryosurgery, electrocoagulation, radiotherapy, surgical excision of the hearth. (medicalformat.com)
How do I know that I am a candidate for an eye laser treatment? (iroc.ch)
Through many years of experience and the latest technology we can determine whether an eye laser treatment is possible and if so, which one is the most appropriate technique for you. (iroc.ch)
Is an eye laser treatment painful? (iroc.ch)

BACKGROUND: Cone dystrophy with supernormal rod response (CDSRR) is a rare inherited retinal degeneration. (bvsalud.org)

Hence, eye-tracking could provide means to evaluate the later neurocognitive outcome of infants with early-onset epilepsy at an early age. (helsinki.fi)

Because symptom onset is typically subtle and early detection is rare, early intervention that makes a significant difference is uncommon. (thedysautonomiaproject.org)
These guarantee onset of early-onset familial Alzheimer disease and all occur in the region of the APP gene that encodes the Aβ domain. (findzebra.com)
Adult vitelliform macular dystrophy resembles Best disease, but it can be differentiated by its later age of onset, smaller lesion, and normal electro-oculogram testing. (medscape.com)
Usual onset of Best disease is from 3-15 years, with an average age of 6 years. (medscape.com)

Certain carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are prescribed to promote urinary production and excretion (i.e., as diuretics) or to lower fluid pressure within the eyes for those with glaucoma. (suffernomore.com)

In order to analyze and make visible the situation of rare diseases in Mexico, on February 26, 2021, we participated in the talks given by experts on rare diseases in Mexico and transmitted from the Senate of the Republic. (atrofiagiratafundacion.com)

As soon as a patient notices they have a visual impairment they should see an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) to identify the cause of the visual impairment and to discuss options for how to treat it. (savir-center.com)
Visually impaired athletes are classified exclusively by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) and are then assigned to the appropriate competition (starting) class. (savir-center.com)

Best's Disease - a form of two-way central (macular) retinal pigment abiotrophy leading to the degeneration of photoreceptors and macular significant vision loss. (medicalformat.com)
The EOG in Best's disease and dominant cystoid macular dystrophy (DCMD). (medscape.com)

The first manifestations of the disease in the form of pain and stiffness first appear in the lumbar spine and then spread up through the spinal column. (medicalformat.com)

Meanwhile, more than 20,000 eye laser surgeries have been performed at the IROC eye clinic in Zurich. (iroc.ch)
The latest and most advanced technologies allow the IROC eye clinic to treat both eyes in quick succession. (iroc.ch)
Julie, a 3-month old baby girl, presented to the clinic after her parents noticed funny eye movements since birth. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)

Apraxia is a condition that makes it difficult to open eyes. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
It can be hereditary or the result of another condition. (ecopolitan.com)
Nevertheless, it is still regarded as rare, with between 3 and 4 people out of every 100,000 people over 50 having the condition. (myositis.org.au)
The condition often is not detected until much later in the disease because visual acuity may remain good for many years. (medscape.com)

The disease most often affects men aged 15 to 30 years. (medicalformat.com)

According to new research on 3585 uncommon diseases, about 4% of the global population is affected at any given time. (a2zfitnessmart.com)

to the soul-crushing (are you predisposed to Parkinson's disease? (macleans.ca)

Behcet's disease occurs with periods of relapse and remission time, complications on the part of the authorities concerned. (medicalformat.com)

A rare family predisposition to multiple types of cancers (such as soft tissue sarcomas, breast cancer, brain tumors, osteosarcoma, and others) caused by a mutation in a gene-the p53 tumor-suppressor gene-that normally curbs cancer. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Saccadic rapid eye movements direct us to gaze at a specific object or to read lines of print. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
Pursuit eye movements allow us to follow an object as it moves. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
Changes to these eye movements due to Parkinsons can also result in different kinds of visual difficulties. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
The inability to control eye movements can lead to involuntary blinking, double vision and other motor issues that can affect visual acuity. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
Cranial nerve problems may result in facial muscle weakness, drooping eyelids (ptosis), and difficulty following movements with the eyes (gaze palsy). (medlineplus.gov)
Julie was noted to have roving eye movements and poor visual response. (singhealthdukenus.com.sg)

Binswanger's Disease - subcortical encephalopathy, a progressive loss of white matter of the brain. (medicalformat.com)

Although a variety of gene mutations are linked to the disease, most cases involve Complex I mutations, which cause degeneration of the nerves in the back of the eye that transmit visual information to the brain. (nih.gov)

The research, published online today in Nature Medicine, was funded by the National Eye Institute (NEI), a part of the National Institutes of Health. (nih.gov)
The most frequent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis (MS). As per research , under MS, the immune system damages the myelin sheath or the cells that make and sustain this sheath. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
Recent research has shown that people with IBM can have a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension leading to heart disease. (myositis.org.au)

Choroidal neovascularisation secondary to Best's disease in a 13-year-old boy treated by intravitreal bevacizumab. (medscape.com)

Anatomy34

Organisms4

Diseases77

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes18

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities2

Information Science2

Named Groups2

Health Care17

Geographicals5

Blindness8

Dystrophies1

Autosomal dominant2

Retina1

Congenital4

Retinitis1

Sensory3

Genetic14

Severe4

Neurological2

Neurodegenerative2

Disorder3

Mitochondrial8

Atrophy2

Myopathies2

Arthritic1

Therapies6

Photoreceptor3

LHON1

Autoimmune disease1

Genes2

Progresses4

Inflammatory2

Alzheimer's1

Optic2

Ocular1

Dysfunction1

Treatments3

Pediatric2

Systemic disease1

Syndrome3

Diagnosis5

Symptoms7

Progression3

Researchers1

Muscles3

Patients5

Syndromes1

People who suffer2

Joints1

Treatment4

Cone1

Evaluate1

Onset4

Glaucoma1

20211

Ophthalmologist2

Macular2

Manifestations1

Clinic3

Condition4

Affects1

Uncommon1

Parkinson's1

Complications1

Mutation1

Movements6

Progressive1

Mutations1

Research3

Choroidal1