ProteinsSignal transductionIntracellularCellularLIPIDSMoleculesEndothelialExtracellularLipid bilayerEndocytosisDistinctProteinGlycosphingolipidsStructuralResiduesVesicularCaveolinsEukaryoticSTRUCTURESVesiclesOrganizationEssential RoleInteractionsCholesterolMechanismsRolesRoleCellSynthesisCellsShownStudyDomain
Proteins15
- In the present study, we examined potential contributory roles of membrane-associated, cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts/caveolae and their constituent proteins (e.g., caveolin-1 [Cav-1]) as potential sites for IL-1β−induced nitric oxide (NO) release in the isolated β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
- The main structural proteins of CAVEOLAE. (lookformedical.com)
- Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. (lookformedical.com)
- Specific proteins embedded in the cell membrane can act as molecular signals which allow cells to communicate with each other. (wikidoc.org)
- Other proteins on the surface of the cell membrane serve as "markers" which identify a cell to other cells. (wikidoc.org)
- The phospholipid bilayer structure (fluid mosaic model) with specific membrane proteins accounts for the selective permeability of the membrane and passive and active transport mechanisms. (wikidoc.org)
- The cell membrane contains many integral membrane proteins which pepper the entire surface. (wikidoc.org)
- The cytoskeleton is found underlying the cell membrane in the cytoplasm and provides a scaffolding for membrane proteins to anchor to, as well as forming organelles which extend from the cell. (wikidoc.org)
- Myoferlin and dysferlin are members of the ferlin family of membrane proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
- Moreover, clustering of MHC proteins at the cell surface resulted in shifts of the respective DRMs, revealing proximity-induced changes in the membrane environment. (silverchair.com)
- In fundamental cell biological processes such as signal transduction, enzymatic activity or intracellular fusion during vesicular transport, a large number of proteins are recruited to and released from the cytoplasmic surface of intracellular membranes (Casey et al. (biologists.com)
- Ras proteins are attached by a fatty tail to the inner surface of the cell membrane. (elifesciences.org)
- It physically associates with a variety of other membrane proteins such as integrins, lineage-specific molecules and other tetraspanins. (biomedcentral.com)
- Scavenger receptors are cell membrane proteins that bind chemically modified lipoproteins, such as acetylated and oxidized LDLs. (biomedcentral.com)
Signal transduction2
- Important biological events associated with plasma membranes, such as signal transduction, cell adhesion, and protein trafficking, are mediated through the membrane microdomains. (mdpi.com)
- It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
Intracellular3
- Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
- The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and, in animal cells, physically separates the intracellular components from the extracellular environment, thereby serving a function similar to that of skin . (wikidoc.org)
- Organisms usually contain large numbers of sphingolipid subspecies (for a pathway based compilation, see www.sphingomap.org) and knowledge about the types and amounts is imperative because they influence membrane structure, interactions with the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells, vesicular traffic and the formation of specialized structures such as phagosomes and autophagosomes, as well as participate in intracellular and extracellular signaling. (sphingolipidclub.com)
Cellular8
- First, endocytic vesicles arise when the cellular membranes invaginate, and they fuse together to create early endosomes. (hindawi.com)
- USMB treatment elicits enhanced cellular uptake of materials such as drugs, in part as a result of sheer stress and formation of transient membrane pores. (plos.org)
- Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. (lookformedical.com)
- The movement of substances across the membrane can be either passive , occurring without the input of cellular energy, or active , requiring the cell to expend energy in moving it. (wikidoc.org)
- Our results suggest that the preference of MHC I and MHC II for distinct membrane rafts directs them to different cellular entry points. (silverchair.com)
- In addition, the exit of NOS2 from the TGN and the accumulation in the cellular plasma membrane per se did not correlate with increased ·NO synthesis. (biologists.com)
- To determine TRPA1 localization in cellular membranes we stained HEK293T cells transfected with the mTRPA1-mCherry construct with the Vybrant Alexa Fluor 488 Lipid Raft Labeling Kit. (elifesciences.org)
- With the use of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy we found a population of highly mobile vesicular structures near the cellular membrane containing both mTRPA1-mCherry and the lipid raft marker cholera toxin B ( Figure 1A and B , Video 1 ), as well as static areas where both fluorescent probes were colocalized at the membrane. (elifesciences.org)
LIPIDS2
- The cell membrane consists of a thin layer of amphipathic lipids which spontaneously arrange so that the hydrophobic "tail" regions are shielded from the surrounding polar fluid, causing the more hydrophilic "head" regions to associate with the cytosolic and extracellular faces of the resulting bilayer. (wikidoc.org)
- MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
Molecules6
- A major barrier for the efficacy of many clinically relevant anti-cancer drugs (e.g. gemcitabine, 5-flurouracil, cisplatin) is the passage of these molecules across biological membranes, whether in the context of transit across an endothelial monolayer or across the plasma membrane of the cancer cell itself [ 5 ]. (plos.org)
- It has been suggested that to prevent these signals from being accidently activated, Ras molecules must group together at specialized sites within the membrane before passing on their message. (elifesciences.org)
- This revealed that Ras molecules quickly diffuse along the inside of the membrane until they arrive at certain locations that cause them to halt. (elifesciences.org)
- However, computer models consisting of just the 'fast' and 'immobile' state could not correctly re-capture the way Ras molecules moved along the membrane. (elifesciences.org)
- The map showed regions in the membrane where the Ras molecules had stopped and possibly clustered together. (elifesciences.org)
- From there, the cell constantly removed Ras molecules from these membrane domains and returned them back to their 'fast' diffusing state. (elifesciences.org)
Endothelial1
- Herein, using a proteomic analysis of endothelial cell (EC) caveolae/lipid raft microdomains we identified myoferlin in these domains and show that myoferlin is highly expressed in ECs and vascular tissues. (elsevierpure.com)
Extracellular1
- The cell membrane also plays a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to provide shape to the cell, and in attaching to the extracellular matrix to help group cells together in the formation of tissues . (wikidoc.org)
Lipid bilayer1
- The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane , plasmalemma or "phospholipid bilayer") is a semipermeable lipid bilayer found in all cells . (wikidoc.org)
Endocytosis1
- Endocytosis of MHC I and MHC II was inhibited by filipin, but only MHC II showed a strong preference for a membrane raft environment in a co-clustering analysis with G M 1. (silverchair.com)
Distinct2
- By using a novel method for the extraction of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), we observed that MHC I and MHC II associate with two distinct types of DRMs. (silverchair.com)
- Here, using single particle tracking with photoactivated localization microscopy (spt-PALM) and detailed trajectory analysis, we show that distinct membrane domains dictate KRas G12D (an active KRas mutant) diffusion and trafficking in U2OS cells. (elifesciences.org)
Protein6
- Caveolins can serve as protein markers of caveolae ('little caves'), invaginations in the plasma membrane 50-100 nanometers in diameter. (biomedcentral.com)
- Interestingly, VIP21 was isolated as an integral membrane protein component of transport vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, suggesting that Cav-1/VTP21 may have a role in molecular trafficking as well as oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- It undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by C-SRC PROTEIN PP60 and plays a regulatory role in CAVEOLAE formation. (lookformedical.com)
- The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (lookformedical.com)
- Amyloid-beta precursor protein ( APP ) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons . (handwiki.org)
- [12] The amyloid beta region of the protein, located in the membrane-spanning domain, is not well conserved across species and has no obvious connection with APP's native-state biological functions. (handwiki.org)
Glycosphingolipids1
- Gangliosides, complex glycosphingolipids on the plasma membrane containing one or more sialic acid residues, are key components of microdomains. (jneurosci.org)
Structural2
- Sterols play a unique role for the structural and dynamical organization of membranes. (mdpi.com)
- Moreover, we identified two structural motifs in transmembrane segments 2 and 4 involved in mTRPA1-cholesterol interactions that are necessary for normal agonist sensitivity and plasma membrane localization. (elifesciences.org)
Residues1
- However, it is currently unknown whether TRPA1 is localized in specific domains of the plasma membrane, or whether cholesterol interacts with specific residues of TRPA1. (elifesciences.org)
Vesicular1
- By transmission electron microscopy, they appear as structures resembling 'little caves', which are vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane of 50-100 nanometer (nm) in size [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Caveolins1
- Caveolins are found predominantly at the plasma membrane but also in the Golgi, the endoplasmic reticulum, in vesicles, and at cytosolic locations. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic1
- Membranes serve diverse functions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (wikidoc.org)
STRUCTURES1
- These structures, which can be visualized by electron microscopy or fluorescence microscopy , can be found on the inside of the membrane, the outside, or through-and-through . (wikidoc.org)
Vesicles1
- Caveolae assume various shapes from open pits to closed vesicles. (lookformedical.com)
Organization2
- In particular, the impact of α-spinasterol on the structure and organization of lipid membranes was investigated and compared with those of cholesterol. (mdpi.com)
- Our results reveal how membrane organization dictates membrane diffusion and trafficking of Ras and offer new insight into the spatial regulation of Ras signaling. (elifesciences.org)
Essential Role1
- A tyrosine phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in CAVEOLAE formation. (lookformedical.com)
Interactions1
- We discuss the impact of such interactions on TRPA1 gating mechanisms, regulation by the lipid environment, and role of this channel in sensory membrane microdomains, all of which helps to understand the puzzling pharmacology and pathophysiology of this channel. (elifesciences.org)
Cholesterol1
- Despite emergent evidence that TRPA1 is regulated by the membrane environment, it remains unknown whether this channel localizes in membrane microdomains or whether it interacts with cholesterol. (elifesciences.org)
Mechanisms1
- Here we provide the first evidence to suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 and subsequent interaction among members of the Ras signaling pathway within the membrane lipid microdomains represent early signaling mechanisms of IL-1β in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Roles1
- Bioactive sphingolipids in health and disease: lipidomic analysis, metabolism and roles in membrane signaling and autophagy. (sphingolipidclub.com)
Role1
- These data are the first to report novel biological activities for myoferlin and reveal the role of membrane integrity to VEGF signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
Cell6
- Drug delivery to tumors is limited by several factors, including drug permeability of the target cell plasma membrane. (plos.org)
- Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. (lookformedical.com)
- The membrane also maintains the cell potential . (wikidoc.org)
- The cytoskeleton is able to form appendage-like organelles, such as cilia , which are covered by the cell membrane and project from the surface of the cell. (wikidoc.org)
- In a reconstituted cell system, transfection of myoferlin increases VEGFR-2 membrane expression and autophosphorylation in response to VEGF. (elsevierpure.com)
- The results of cell surface biotinylation and subsequent DRM isolation show that precursors for both DRMs coexist in the plasma membrane. (silverchair.com)
Synthesis1
- In addition, membranes in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes facilitate the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis. (wikidoc.org)
Cells3
- Disruption of lipid rafts (e.g., with cyclodextrin) markedly reduced IL-1β−induced gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO release from β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
- A caveolin that is expressed exclusively in MUSCLE CELLS and is sufficient to form CAVEOLAE in SARCOLEMMA. (lookformedical.com)
- A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the separate parts, e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, etc. (lookformedical.com)
Shown1
- Recent studies have shown that mutation or genetic disruption of myoferlin or dysferlin promotes muscular dystrophy-related phenotypes in mice, which are the result of impaired plasma membrane integrity. (elsevierpure.com)
Study1
- The current study reports data on the membrane properties of the phytosterol (3β,5α,22 E )-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-β-ol (α-spinasterol), which represents an important component of argan oil and have not been investigated so far in molecular detail. (mdpi.com)
Domain1
- KRas G12D exhibits an immobile state in ~70 nm domains, each embedded in a larger domain (~200 nm) that confers intermediate mobility, while the rest of the membrane supports fast diffusion. (elifesciences.org)